Public Private Research Articles

Exploring Nigeria’s waste-to-energy potential: a sustainable solution for electricity generation

Abstract This research explored the potential of waste-to-energy (WtE) technology as a sustainable solution to Nigeria’s energy deficit and waste management challenges. Various WtE technologies were reviewed, including incineration, anaerobic digestion, gasification, and pyrolysis, highlighting their applicability and benefits for Nigeria. The potential energy yield from different waste streams, combined with economic viability, environmental benefits, and social impacts, demonstrates the importance of WtE technology for the country. The lower heating value of municipal solid waste and agricultural residue significantly affects energy yield. The incineration of 27.36 million tons of organic waste annually while using relevant technology with energy recovery could generate between 14.52 and 23.08 TWh of electricity per annum. The inclusion of paper and textiles increases the potential yield to 18.69 and 29.71 TWh per year. The potential power generation from agricultural residues is estimated at 80.3 GW. However, Nigeria must address technical, economic, and policy challenges to realize this potential. This can be achieved by developing a robust regulatory framework, fostering public–private partnerships, enhancing local capacity, engaging communities, and investing in research and development. The implementation of WtE projects will facilitate sustainable waste management, improve energy security, create jobs, and promote environmental stewardship.

Exploring the role of governance in determining public-private investment in energy: New empirical insights from ASEAN

The energy sector plays a pivotal role in driving economic growth and enhancing social welfare. However, the mobilization of sufficient investment including public and private remains crucial for advancing energy infrastructure development. Against this backdrop, this study aims to explore the role of governance in determining public-private investment in energy (PPE). The empirical analysis leverages a comprehensive dataset spanning 25 years from 1998 to 2022 and covering ASEAN nations. The study employs the CS-ARDL (cross-sectionally augmented autoregressive distributed lag) model for regression analysis to assess governance dimensions' long-term and short-term effects on PPE. Additionally, the study conducts robustness analysis by using the FMOLS (fully modified ordinary least square) model and an alternative proxy of governance i.e. EFI (economic freedom index) to validate the findings. The analysis reveals that governance exerts a significant and positive effect on PPE. Specifically, the dimensions of governance such as corruption control (COC), government effectiveness, political stability (POS), regulatory quality, etc. demonstrate robust positive associations with PPE. This positive relationship indicates that stronger governance institutions foster transparency, efficiency, and stability in the energy sector, attracting private-sector investments. The findings of this study have significant policy implications for policymakers, investors, and stakeholders seeking to promote sustainable energy transitions and socio-economic development within the ASEAN region. Specifically, it is essential to strengthen governance institutions, enhance regulatory frameworks, and foster public-private partnerships for energy investment. This study contributes to the existing literature by providing novel insights into the governance-energy investment nexus within the ASEAN region.

Public–Private Partnership Model in Delivering Quality Health Care and Medical Education - An Enduring Success Story for the Past Seven Decades

Public–private partnerships (PPPs) are integral to the National Health Mission (NHM). Kasturba Medical College (KMC), Mangalore, was the first private institution in India to embrace the PPP model way back in 1953. The then Government of Madras permitted KMC Mangalore to partner with the 2 district hospitals – the Government Wenlock and the Lady Goschen Hospitals. For almost seven decades, KMC Mangalore has been using the clinical facilities at District Wenlock and Lady Goschen hospitals to provide quality health care and also train the Undergraduate and Postgraduate students of KMC. The Manipal experiment is a shining example of public–private collaboration to provide quality accessible health care to everyone, which is in line with the Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 3 and its targets.

The Focus and Evolution of Corporate Social Responsibility in the United Arab Emirates

Through in-depth interviews with public- and private-sector decision-makers, this qualitative study investigated modern corporate social responsibility (CSR) and its future path in the United Arab Emirates (UAE). Quality education, health and well-being, environment, community development, circular economy, alignment with national priorities, consumer protection and public-private partnerships were discovered as core CSR priorities. Participants identified economic diversification, rebranding, increased environmental stability, strengthened corporate citizenship, improved regulation, and widespread differentiation as future focuses in the evolution of CSR in the UAE. The current and future emphasis of CSR is propelled by the UAE’s sustainable development objectives and human capital strategy. Transparent regulations, robust environmental, social, and governance (ESG) standards, and innovative strategies can distinguish responsible companies apart in the UAE. Nevertheless, it is expected that CSR will be further integrated into key business activities, aligning with evolving national economic visions, collaboration between sectors, and orientation towards a long-term impact on society. In deed the reputations of companies are enhanced through rigorous adherence to ESG standards, transparency regulations, and innovative approaches. Hence, there has been a strategic shift towards environmental sustainability, stakeholder capitalism, and robust regulation, shaping a highly competitive, impact-focused CSR environment in the UAE, consistent with economic diversification plans.

Circular Economy in Morocco: Status and Perspectives and Policy Implications for Vietnam

This paper explores the current status of the circular economy (CE) in Morocco, its potential future directions, and policy implications for Vietnam. The concept of CE, which promotes sustainable resource use, waste reduction, and regeneration, is increasingly gaining global traction. Morocco, having made significant progress in sectors such as waste management, agriculture, renewable energy, and water resource management, serves as a valuable case study. Key initiatives like the National Solid Waste Management Program (PNDM) and the "Green Morocco Plan" highlight Morocco’s successful integration of CE principles. Despite challenges such as financial constraints and low public awareness, Morocco's transition to a circular economy presents numerous opportunities, including job creation and innovation. For Vietnam, which faces growing environmental and resource pressures, Morocco’s experience offers critical insights. By adopting CE principles in waste management, agriculture, renewable energy, and water management, Vietnam can move toward more sustainable development. The paper suggests specific policy recommendations, including fostering public-private partnerships, enhancing regulatory frameworks, and promoting green financing. The lessons drawn from Morocco’s journey can help Vietnam align its growth with environmental sustainability, positioning both countries as leaders in the global shift towards a circular economy.

Scoping review of marine fisheries governance in the Philippines: Goals, instruments, actions, opportunities and challenges

Effective fisheries governance has long been a challenge to achieve across the globe with critical implications for food security and livelihoods in coastal zones. This is especially true for the Philippines, an archipelagic country with abundant coastal biodiversity. While scholars have investigated specific elements of fisheries governance in the Philippines, none has sought to make holistic sense in terms of the coherence of its goals, instruments, actions, opportunities, and challenges. To address this gap, a scoping review was conducted based upon 160 published articles. Results of the study reveal that marine fisheries governance in the Philippines is primarily dominated by participatory governance, specifically co-management, which encourages public-private partnerships. This collaborative arrangement is legally empowered by legislation that provides the mandate for the decentralization of fisheries governance – the Local Government Code of 1991 and the Philippine Fisheries Code of 1998. Marine fisheries governance is primarily oriented towards biodiversity conservation, an overarching goal necessary to achieve other social, economic, and cultural goals. In order to achieve these goals, a combination of hard and soft instruments is typically employed in governance operations in tandem with, predominantly, surveillance and enforcement actions. Opportunities in fisheries governance are principally institutional factors (i.e. institutional linkages), whereas challenges are mostly resource-oriented factors (i.e. illegal fishing). More broadly, marine fisheries governance in the Philippines has evolved in response to historical political processes and especially the dynamics of power relations among key actors – the state, market and civil society - and the struggle for decolonization.

Public-Private Partnerships in Supply Chain Resilience

Purpose: This study examines the importance of PPPs in supply chain resilience, particularly their collaboration with the example of Microsoft and the US Department of Agriculture (USDA). More notably, the study reports on the improvement of agricultural supply chain management and food safety through the use of cloud and soft computing technologies in the context of climate change and market volatility. Methodology: The study uses case study methods based on secondary data obtained from various reports and studies in the industry. In order to measure the impact of these strategies on their ability to reduce the risk of disruptions in supply chains. Data analysis shows measurable attributes to supply chain management and sustainability in agriculture against the backdrop of technology penetration. Findings: The findings highlight that their adoption has a positive effect on the operation and flexibility of the agricultural supply chain. The data, further, indicates that as part of the collaboration, there was an improvement in data integration, prediction, and resourcing for the USDA and Microsoft partnership, which enhanced food security and adaptation to climate change. Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: The report suggests extending the usage of such public-private collaborations for enhancement of resilient supply chains to other areas. For present and future disruptions there is need for better partnership among the government, private technology companies and adoption of sustainable practices in supply chain management.

Critical success factors for public-private partnership projects in Uganda

Critical success factors for public-private partnership projects in Uganda

“All Hands on Deck”: The Critical Role of Non-State Actors in Basic Education in Low- and Middle-Income Countries

ABSTRACT The education landscape in low-income countries (LICs) and middle-income countries (MICs) is characterised by improving levels of school enrolments, but low levels of learning and systems performance, and critical shortfalls in education financing. In asking the question “what is the role of non-state actors in basic education in LICs and MICs?,” this article describes six features of the non-state sector landscape: (i) the non-state sector provides a large and growing share of basic education provision in LICs and MICs, (ii) this sector caters to the poor, but not to the extreme poor (nor probably should it without public subsidy), (iii) evidence on the performance of the non-state sector is mixed, (iv) Public-Private Partnerships (PPPs) in education are the norm rather than the exception, though regulation and PPPs are generally not done well by Governments, (v) the non-state sector has been uniquely hurt by COVID-19, but also proved to be resilient, and (vi) there are successful advocacy campaigns against the non-state sector and PPPs. Against this backdrop, we propose 10 policy measures for Governments, national actors and the international community, with a view to maximising the contribution of non-state actors to driving system-wide goals of equity, learning, and social cohesion.

The risk assessment of public-private partnership projects using artificial intelligence algorithms

Purpose: is to develop an innovative approach to risk management in public-private partnership (PPP) projects using advanced artificial intelligence technologies that allow creating the risk assessment model that takes into account non-linear relationships between various risk factors.Methods: in addition to traditional methods of scientific knowledge, interdisciplinary approaches of risk management and established practice of machine learning were used in the work. The methodological basis of the study was formed by works on the risk assessment and the application of AI algorithms in this area. The empirical basis of the study was the data of the official portal of ROSINFRA on public-private partnership projects.Results: the practice of applying AI algorithms to the task of assessing the risks of PPP-projects in Russia and abroad was studied. It is established that the most effective result is shown by the models based on Random-Forest-Classifier. However, the presented solutions do not take into account Russian economic realities. The authors have structured a database of implemented PPP-projects suitable for risk modeling. The model for assessing the risk of failure to achieve the objectives of Russian PPP-projects has been developed and its quality has been assessed. Recommendations on implementation of the model in the operational loop of PPP projects realization processes are offered.Conclusions and Relevance: the developed model allows, according to the general parameters of PPP project (region, authority, term of agreement, industry and scope of implementation, etc.) with the accuracy of 93% (according to the ROC\AUC metric), to assess the risk that the project will end incorrectly (due to a failed tender, refusal to launch, termination by court decision, cancellation/annulment of the tender). With the help of the model the executive authorities of the Russian Federation can build risk management for PPP projects management in the regions and thus contribute to their efficiency improvement. The article may also become useful for project management practitioners and appraisers.

From Potential to Power: Advancing Nigeria’s Energy Sector through Renewable Integration and Policy Reform

Nigeria is a nation endowed with both abundant renewable and non-renewable energy resources. Despite its vast potential, Nigeria struggles with a consistent power supply due to various systemic issues, such as inadequate funding, infrastructural decay, corruption, technical skill shortages, and macroeconomic instability. These challenges hinder the effective harnessing and distribution of energy resources, particularly renewable ones like wind, solar, biomass, and hydropower. This study assesses the existing energy policies and their efficacy in promoting sustainable energy development towards achieving universal electricity access by 2030. It highlights the necessity for a just energy transition that integrates a substantial proportion of renewable energy into the national grid, aiming to meet up to 60% of the country’s energy demands with clean sources by 2050. This transition is critical not only for energy security and reducing the environmental impact but also for fostering socioeconomic equity. Recommendations include overhauling the legal and regulatory frameworks to support renewable energy growth, particularly in off-grid areas, to ensure clean, affordable, and secure energy access. Strategic investments, enhanced infrastructure, and robust public–private partnerships are essential to overcome the current barriers and realize Nigeria’s energy potential. This paper calls for a comprehensive approach that addresses both the technical and socioeconomic dimensions of the energy crisis, laying the groundwork for a sustainable and prosperous energy future for Nigeria.

The role of international organizations in the protection and restoration of the cultural heritage of Ukraine in the conditions of armed aggression: Financial, economic and legal aspects

The article attempts to analyze the role of international organizations in the protection and restoration of the cultural heritage during war conflicts. The case of Ukrainian ongoing conflict is considered, based on systematization of UNESCO documents and activities, as well as the case of Syria as a ‘testing ground’ for UNESCO in efforts on protection and restoration of cultural heritage damaged due to hostilities. It is claimed that UNESCO in fact showed its low efficiency in protecting cultural heritage, but is capable of providing reasonable steps of post-war restoration and preventing illegal trade of stolen cultural heritage. The expedience of developing international law grounds for protection of cultural heritage is emphasized, together with employing mechanisms of public-private partnership in restoration projects.

Public-Private Partnership: A New Policy to Ameliorate the Quality of Public Utility Services to the Public

Objective: The paper aims to determine why the government resorts to partnerships with the private sector, in addition to the advantages and disadvantages of the public-private partnership system, and explain the types and forms of public-private partnerships. Theoretical Framework: This paper presented the concept of partnership and the reasons for partnership with the private sector. It also presented the types of partnerships with the private sector and, more specifically, the different BOT systems. Method: The study relied mainly on the descriptive approach to understand the concept of partnership, determine the forms of partnership between the public and private sectors, and the types of partnership with the BOT system. The study also relied on the analytical approach in analyzing the advantages of the partnership system between the public and private sectors and identifying the defects and challenges facing the partnership systems between the public and private sectors. Results and Discussion: The partnership between the government and the private sector is not a path strewn with roses. Many challenges must be faced, and for the partnership to work as desired, the conditions and components discussed in this research must be met, which are factors in themselves. Research Implications: This paper examines the role of public-private partnerships in enhancing the performance of public utilities and reducing the cost of providing services. Originality/Value: This study contributes to the literature by explaining the role of public-private partnership contracts in Egypt and the United Arab Emirates, presenting their definition, advantages, disadvantages, challenges, and legal framework.

Health literacy about Public-Private Partnerships in hospital management

Health literacy about Public-Private Partnerships in hospital management

Racial disparities in Phase 1 COVID-19 vaccine shipments to Neighborhood sites in Pennsylvania by the Federal Retail Pharmacy Program

Early racial disparities in COVID-19 vaccination rates have been attributed primarily to personal vaccine attitudes and behavior. Little attention has been paid to the possibility that inequitable vaccine distribution may have contributed to racial disparities in vaccine uptake when supplies were most scarce. We test the hypothesis that scarce vaccines were distributed inequitably using the shipping addresses of 385,930 COVID-19 vaccine doses distributed in the first 17 weeks of Pennsylvania’s Phase 1 rollout (December 14, 2020 through April 12, 2021). All shipments we analyze were allocated via the Federal Retail Pharmacy Program, a public-private partnership coordinated by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.Overall, White people had an average of 81.4% more retail pharmacy program doses shipped to their neighborhoods than did Black people. Regression models reveal that weekly vaccine allocations determined by pharmacy chains—rather than initial shipment and administration site decisions requiring state and federal approval—drove these effects. All findings remained consistent after controlling for neighborhood differences in income, population density, insurance coverage, number of pharmacies, and other social determinants of health.Our findings suggest that the private distribution of scarce public resources should be assessed for racial impact, regulated as public resources, and monitored continuously.

Management Model Using Standardized Contracts and BIM Tools for the Optimization of PPP Projects in Peru

Public–private partnerships (PPPs) are contractual schemes that have relative success in Latin America due to their configuration, where the spirit of the contract lies in an appropriate distribution of risks. This is both the most important and fundamental aspect of this contractual scheme but also the most complex, as it is the main cause of contract modifications (addenda) in countries across the region. In this context, different concessionary contractual frameworks for PPPs on the national road network of Peru were evaluated, revealing common failure indicators that lead to contract modifications within the first six years of the concession. This study offers the development of a management model that includes the good practices of contractual management of NEC4 Option F and the application of BIM information management processes, optimizing the management of infrastructure through emerging technologies of information management supported by agile contractual schemes.

Managing waste packaging for a sustainable future: a strategic and efficiency analysis in the European context

AbstractThe management of package waste has become a critical concern in pursuing sustainable development, particularly within the European context, where environmental regulations and sustainability goals are stringent. This paper presents a comprehensive strategic and efficiency analysis of waste packaging management across Europe, examining current practices, policies, and technological innovations in a sample of countries. The work identifies critical challenges and opportunities in the sector using Data Envelopment Analysis and Multicriteria decision analysis. Our findings reveal significant variations in the efficiency and effectiveness of waste packaging management practices among European countries, influenced by differing policy frameworks, recycling infrastructures, and public awareness levels. Sweden and Luxembourg excel in the sustainable and technical model for recycling, while Austria prevails for recovery in both. The strategic vision suggests an emphasis on green premium, and the most sustainable alternatives are those marked by natural fibres and respect for human conditions. The paper concludes with strategic recommendations for policymakers, industry stakeholders, and communities to enhance waste packaging management efficiency. These include policy harmonisation at the EU level, investment in innovative recycling technologies, and fostering public–private partnerships to drive systemic change. By adopting these strategies, Europe can move closer to achieving its sustainability targets, reducing environmental impact, and promoting a circular economy. So, the implications of this paper are both strategic and political. The former is related to identifying the best strategy related to packaging waste, and the latter is to uniform the efficiency of waste packaging management in Europe.

Frequência de Internações Ponderadas (FIP): uma Proposta de Indicador para Mitigar o Risco Moral em Contratos de Gestão Hospitalar

In this article, the relationship between the hospital departures indicator, the main indicator for evaluating the performance of hospital management contracts in Bahia, and the incidence of moral hazard in light of Agency Theory was evaluated. Using a qualitative approach based on management contracts and data from the Hospital Admission System (SIH/SUS) in 2019, the performance of three hospitals representing the prevailing management models in the state was compared: direct management, Social Organization (OS), and Public-Private Partnership (PPP). The lower productivity in direct management and the higher frequency of low-complexity hospitalizations in the OS suggest the incidence of moral hazard in service delivery. As a strategy to mitigate this risk, a quantitative indicator is proposed for management contracts, which considers different types of hospitalizations in a weighted manner, based on variables available in the SIH/SUS. Although the inconsistencies in this system limit the specificity and potential of the proposed indicator, it is believed that its use can contribute to improving the evaluation of hospital management contracts and enhancing the SIH/SUS database, enabling further study of hospital admission measurement in future research.

Optimizing IT Project Management in Ukraine's Aviation Sector: Challenges, Opportunities, and Strategic Insights

The Ukrainian aviation industry is undergoing digital transformation; however, the pace remains behind global and European standards due to several challenges. These include limited funding, a lack of skilled IT professionals, and a slow rate of modern technology adoption. The research, titled "Optimizing IT Project Management in Ukraine’s Aviation Sector: Challenges, Opportunities, and Strategic Insights," addresses the urgent need for improvements in IT project management to enhance efficiency, competitiveness, and technological advancement within the aviation sector in Ukraine. This article analyzes the sector's current challenges, including insufficient government and private sector investment, internet infrastructure issues, and a shortage of IT specialists. It also identifies opportunities in areas like automation, digitization, and the potential for public-private collaborations. The study's primary objective is to develop and evaluate an optimal IT project management framework tailored to Ukraine’s aviation industry. This framework aims to optimize resource usage, integrate modern technologies like AI, automation, and cybersecurity, and improve global competitiveness. Furthermore, the research offers a SWOT (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats) analysis of Ukraine’s aviation IT landscape, benchmarking it against European standards. A substantial gap exists between Ukraine and Europe regarding IT investment and automation, with European countries leading in adopting AI-driven systems, enhanced cybersecurity, and automated business and customer service processes. To bridge this divide, the study proposes an optimized IT project management model focused on strategic priorities such as investment in skill development, strengthening public-private partnerships, enhancing cybersecurity, implementing agile work methods, and supporting innovation through government initiatives. In conclusion, the study underscores that enhancing IT project management in Ukraine’s aviation industry is crucial for maintaining global competitiveness and improving operational efficiency. The proposed model offers actionable insights to address current challenges while capitalizing on new opportunities, thereby ensuring resilience in the face of ongoing global digitization and technological advancements.

Sustainability assessment of urban water public‐private partnership projects with environmental, social, and governance (ESG) criteria

AbstractWith the acceleration of urbanization, the sustainability of urban water infrastructure projects has become pivotal to social development. This research aims to construct a comprehensive sustainability assessment model for urban water public‐private partnership (PPP) projects based on the environmental, social, and governance criteria. First, a multi‐level assessment indicator system is established considering the economic, social, ecological, and governance sustainability dimensions. Then, the extended analytic hierarchy process is utilized to determine the weights of indicators based on expert scoring. To address the ambiguity of qualitative linguistic variables, the interval‐valued intuitionistic fuzzy set method is applied to aggregate expert assessments. An empirical case study of an urban water project verifies the feasibility of the proposed approach. Results demonstrate that experts emphasize economic sustainability, while social sustainability is an overlooked dimension that requires improvement. The research contributes to the field by developing an applied, industry‐specific sustainability evaluation model for urban water PPP projects using advanced decision‐making techniques. This model provides practical tools for stakeholders to enhance the sustainable performance of urban water infrastructure projects.