Formulation Of Public Policies Research Articles

Regional disparities in green space access and associations with adult obesity: An urban–rural comparison in Florida

Despite the regional differences in green space access and adult obesity, relatively little attention has been paid to comparing the associations between green space access and adult obesity in urban and rural communities. Using a macro-level approach, we compared the spatially heterogeneous associations between green space access and adult obesity in urban and rural counties. To achieve this purpose, we employed multigroup partial least squares structural equation modeling with geographically weighed regression via a case study of 67 counties in Florida. The results showed significant urban–rural differences regarding the associations between green space access and adult obesity. These associations were spatially heterogeneous between urban and rural counties. Such findings can allow public health agencies and practitioners to better understand the regional disparities in the associations between green space access and adult obesity prevalence, which are essential to encouraging the formulation of community-based public health policies in Florida.

Role of Actor Networks in Public Policy Formulation

This research discusses the role played by actor networks in the process of formulating public policy. With the increasing complexity in the public policy environment, the role of actor networks becomes crucial in influencing and shaping the resulting policy direction. This research uses a qualitative approach by collecting data through in-depth interviews and documentary analysis. Based on the research results, it can be concluded that actor networks play a crucial role in the process of formulating public policy. These roles include the roles of subjects with high importance but low power, key players with high interest and power, other followers who represent group voices that may be less heard, and supporters who have power but low interest. However, the process of formulating public policy is faced with a number of challenges, including the complexity of organizational structures, conflicts of interest between actors, lack of resources, and resistance to change. To overcome these challenges, close collaboration between all parties involved, open communication, and wise management of differences and conflicts that arise is required. Through these efforts, the policy formulation process can become more inclusive, responsive and effective in meeting the needs of society as a whole.

Smart tourism destinations:

By analyzing the tourist demand of destinations and understanding the changes occurring in the tourism sector for various reasons, it becomes possible to elucidate tourists' desires, evaluate their perception regarding the products and services offered, and identify the need for adaptation on the part of business owners and public managers. In this perspective, this study aims to address the following question: how can measurement indicators of tourist experience be used in a research instrument to contribute to the evaluation of tourist demand in the destination of Curitiba, Paraná - Brazil? To answer this, the objectives are as follows: to analyze the demand profile, travel information, and tourist experience in Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil. This research is exploratory and descriptive in nature, employing a quantitative approach. The results demonstrate that comprehending tourists' profiles and evaluating their experience at the destination is crucial for strategic planning within the tourism sector. This enables efforts to be directed toward the formulation of public policies. The study provided pertinent insights into the tourist demand experience in Curitiba, furnishing valuable input for the development of effective strategies within the tourism industry. This enhances the city's tourist offerings and ensures positive visitor experiences.

Connecting Policymakers With Academic Research to Inform Public Policy

Connecting Policymakers With Academic Research to Inform Public Policy

Dinamika Hubungan Politik dan Pendidikan Agama di Kampus: antara Keseimbangan dan Konflik

Politics and religion have a close relationship and are important subjects in social and political studies. This research presents an analysis of the dynamics of the relationship between religious education on campus and politics in the context of contemporary dynamics. This research focuses on the role of religion in the formation of public policy, political identity, and the dynamics of social conflict. This research study is a discourse or literature search, to find out the relationship between these two problems. This research pays attention to phenomena and changes in power dynamics, transformation of religious identity, and ideological conflicts involving religion as a central aspect. This article also considers the implications of the interaction between religion and politics for democracy. The research method used is a qualitative approach. The data sources used are a combination of educational and religious political perspectives. Literature is used to explain how religion is often a source of inspiration for political movements, both in practical contexts and as a basis for thought. The analysis of this research aims to encourage a broader and deeper dialogue about how society, especially educational institutions, can manage and understand the role of religion in a democratic and inclusive political space.

Reimagining public policy formulation and analysis: a comprehensive theoretical framework for public policy

This research paper delves into the intricate domain of policy science, focusing on the policy-making process itself. Existing theoretical frameworks in policy science often overlook essential nuances, particularly the role of political willingness causing non-linearity in the policy-making process. Three fundamental questions drive the research at hand. First, the research delves into the adequacy of existing policy frameworks in effectively elucidating the complexities of policymaking in the context of large democracies, with a particular focus on India. Second, it investigates the significant role of political willingness in shaping the trajectory of policymaking, particularly within democratic systems. Lastly, the research aims to construct a comprehensive framework capable of accommodating and explaining the non-linear dynamics introduced by the influence of political willingness throughout the policy-making process. Through an analysis of India's Data Protection Regulation formulation process, this paper attempts to map the existing gap and way forward. As an outcome of the case study analysis, the proposed framework introduces political willingness as a central element extending the policy formulation cycle and showcases its influence on agenda setting, policy formulation, adoption, implementation, and evaluation. This research contributes to the field of policy science by providing a comprehensive framework that accounts for the complexities of policymaking, especially in the Indian context. By acknowledging the pivotal role of political willingness, this framework seeks to bridge the gap in existing theoretical models, offering a more holistic understanding of policy formulation and analysis. This research lays the foundation for a paradigm shift in the study of policy science, addressing the challenges posed by evolving governance mechanisms and the rising influence of political agendas in the modern world.

Pasang Surut Partisipasi Masyarakat Sipil dalam Pembentukan Kebijakan Publik di Aceh

Acehnese Civil Society Organizations have formed policy products, laws, and derivative products, such as the formation of Law Number 11 of 2006 concerning the Government of Aceh. The government started this law after signing an agreement between the Indonesian government and the Free Aceh Movement. However, the public participation has decreased in forming several Qanuns. The study aims to discover why public participation in policy formation in Aceh has decreased the supporting and inhibiting factors. The research was conducted using qualitative methods. Data was collected through literature study and interviews. The research results show the ebb and flow of civil society participation in the formation of public policy: (1) changes in behavior and government institutions, but followed by community apathy due to the lack of feedback on input in the discussion of laws and regulations; (2) increasing the capacity of public institutions or organizations, but followed by a decrease in the number of NGOs that focus on public policy advocacy; (3) ease of public access to information, but no impact on open government management and community welfare; and (4) social changes that support participation of civil society in the formation of laws and regulations. Meanwhile, the results also show the supporting factors, such as the availability of resources and guarantees for fulfilling public rights. The inhibiting factors for ongoing public participation in policy formation consist of the availability of resources, socio-cultural factors, and the lack of feedback or follow-up on public input

Seismic Risk Assessment of Existing Buildings Based on Architectural View in Dhaka City, Bangladesh

In recent decades, Dhaka City, Bangladesh, has borne witness to an unprecedented surge in urbanization, manifesting in a proliferation of diverse architectural formations and infrastructural developments. This dynamic transformation has bestowed upon the cityscape a distinctive character, reflective of its evolving socio-economic fabric. However, this burgeoning urban milieu confronts a formidable challenge: its geographical location places it within a seismically active zone, thereby rendering it inherently vulnerable to potential seismic events. This research endeavor represents a concerted effort towards undertaking a rigorous and comprehensive examination of the seismic risk landscape pervading the extant built environment of Dhaka City. The focal point of this inquiry lies in an incisive exploration of the architectural facets that underpin the structural integrity of these edifices. Through the diligent elucidation of a meticulously designed methodology, which encompasses the judicious acquisition of pertinent data, a systematic evaluation of seismic vulnerability, and a rigorous quantification of associated risks, this study aspires to illuminate critical insights that hold profound relevance for an array of stakeholders. Notably, the ramifications of this research transcend the academic realm, resonating profoundly within the pragmatic spheres of urban planning, public policy formulation, and infrastructure development. Urban planners, policymakers, and stakeholders vested in the enduring welfare of Dhaka City stand to derive substantial benefits from the findings of this study. It is anticipated that the insights gleaned herein will serve as a bedrock upon which robust strategies and interventions may be formulated, all directed towards fortifying the seismic resilience of Dhaka City, thereby engendering a more secure and sustainable urban habitat for its denizens.

Building public trust and confidence in secondary use of health data in Ireland

Abstract Background Secondary use of health data can drive research and healthcare improvements with implications for policy and practice. However, relevant legislation, implementation of technical safeguards, and ethical data management are essential. Existing evidence suggests general public support for secondary data use, but with specific concerns about privacy, confidentiality, misuse of data and trust. The aim of this study is to explore key stakeholders’ perspectives on secondary health data use in Ireland, and mechanisms to build a culture of trust. Methods The study adopts a qualitative cross-sectional approach. Participants include academics and researchers, healthcare professionals, data controllers and ethics experts, industry, and patients and public, recruited through purposive sampling. Data is collected through focus groups discussions, and reflexive thematic analysis is employed. Results The preliminary results suggest that benefits of secondary data use include access to large datasets, streamlined research, reduced bias, and cost-effectiveness, which may lead to improved patient outcomes. Barriers include an underdeveloped national data infrastructure, difficulties with access and linkage, complex ethical regulation, and narrow predetermined indices of health. Concerns related to data sharing are context-dependent, and influenced by patients’ socio-demographic characteristics. Trust appears to be both a bottom-up and top-down process, facilitated through clear communication, organizational openness, transparency, accountability, fairness, respect, and patient and public involvement (PPI). Conclusions The study identifies strong support for secondary health data use among the stakeholders, notwithstanding an identified need for structural improvements, strong safeguards, education and training, and meaningful PPI. This research helps inform public health practice and policies towards building a culture of trust pertaining to secondary data use. Key messages • This study produces novel insights to help advance research and policy on the barriers and facilitators to building trust and confidence in the access and use of health data for secondary purposes. • This study contributes to qualitative research methods related to eliciting people's views and perspectives in a safe, collaborative and efficient manner.

Complementing traditional care with digital therapeutics for chronic non-communicable disease management

Abstract We will examine the role of digital therapeutics in diabetes care, where we will discuss how Digital Therapeutics can supplement face-to-face consultations by facilitating data exchange between patients and healthcare professionals, improving disease monitoring, and promoting patient empowerment. In the context of mental health, we will present evidence supporting the effectiveness of computer-assisted cognitive behaviour therapy (CCBT) as a valuable adjunct to treatment as usual (TAU) in primary care settings. Throughout the presentation, we will highlight the importance of integrating digital therapeutics into existing healthcare systems and addressing barriers to their adoption, such as socio-demographic disparities and healthcare professional attitudes through tools such as regulatory frameworks and reimbursement pathways. By exploring the complementary role of digital therapeutics in chronic NCD management, we aim to encourage dialogue on the potential synergies between traditional care and digital interventions to improve patient outcomes and inform public health policy.

Does public consultation affect policy formulation? Negotiation strategies between the administration and citizens

ABSTRACT While public consultation is a signature process of democratic policy formulation, many governments manoeuvre to refract citizen’s opinions or conduct it perfunctorily. Using the case of a medium of instruction policy in Hong Kong, this article unveils the strategies that the state and citizens employ to put their opinion through to the final policy text, during a public consultation process. Recent literature has identified the mechanisms through which individual actors or organisations contribute to broad policy agenda-setting or policy programme development. However, yet to be investigated is how they – sometimes with conflicting interests – collectively negotiate a policy with the state via public consultations. This paper investigates this very phenomenon, building on previous work conducted in the public policy field, analysing 51 government-generated documents through both thematic content analysis and critical discourse analysis. The paper uncovers four strategies adopted by administrations (non-commitment, case closure, disengagement for irrelevance, and placation) to evade citizens’ equity-oriented demands and stakeholders’ three counter strategies (mobilising other stakeholders into a coalition, reopening the case pointing out a new problem, and appealing by affirming relevance). The state’s discrete refusals and stakeholders’ conjoint reengagement tactics draw our attention to the complexity and subtlety involved in negotiation via public consultations.

Взаимодействие власти и общества при формировании государственной научно-технической политики РФ в современных условиях: системно-динамический подход

The content of this article is the use of a system-dynamic approach as a tool for studying the interaction be-tween government and society in the formation and development of the state scientific and technological policy of the Russian Federation. Events taking place in the modern world, associated with attempts to isolate and impose sanctions on the part of a number of Western European countries and the American side, including in the scientific and technological sphere, as well as the formation of a negative image of Russia in the interna-tional political arena, have prompted changes and revision of the previously adopted educational system based on the Bologna system of education. At the present stage of development of the political system, we can observe the process of formation of a sovereign and independent state scientific and technological policy. Practical experience, combined with the theoretical knowledge possessed by experts, contributes to the for-mation and implementation of an effective public policy in this area that takes into account the modern realities. The advantages of using a systemic dynamic approach as a research tool are its coverage and consideration of modern realities in the study of the formation of state science and technology policy. The use of a system-dynamic approach allows us to identify a number of problems and features, as well as build ways to solve them, based on the analysis carried out within the framework of the formation of the state scientific and tech-nical policy of the Russian Federation.

Occupational stressors and coping mechanisms among obstetrical nursing staff during the COVID-19 pandemic: a qualitative study

BackgroundDue to heightened occupational stress throughout the COVID-19 pandemic, hospital nurses have experienced high rates of depression, anxiety, and burnout. Nurses in obstetrical departments faced unique challenges, such as the management of COVID-19 infection in pregnancy with limited evidence-based protocols and the unknown risks of the virus on pregnancy and fetal development. Despite evidence that obstetrical nurses have experienced high levels of job stress and a decrease in job satisfaction during the COVID-19 pandemic, there is less known about the working conditions resulting in these changes.Using the Job Demands-Resources (JD-R) model, this study aims to offer insight into the COVID-19 working environment of obstetrical nurses and shed light on their COVID-19 working experiences.MethodsThe study was conducted using a qualitative approach, with data collection occurring through semi-structured interviews from December 2021 to June 2022. A total of 20 obstetrical nurses recruited from the obstetrical departments of a tertiary hospital located in Ontario, Canada, participated in the study.Interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed verbatim, and coded using NVivo. Data was analyzed using a theoretical thematic approach based on the JD-R model.ResultsFour themes were identified: (1) Job stressors, (2) Consequences of working during COVID-19, (3) Personal resources, and (4) Constructive feedback surrounding job resources. The findings show that obstetrical nurses faced several unique job stressors during the COVID-19 pandemic but were often left feeling inadequately supported and undervalued by hospital upper management. However, participants offered several suggestions on how they believe support could have been improved and shared insight on resources they personally used to cope with job stress during the pandemic. A model was created to demonstrate the clear linkage between the four main themes.ConclusionsThis qualitative study can help inform hospital management and public policy on how to better support and meet the needs of nurses working in obstetrical care during pandemics. Moreover, applying the JD-R model offers both a novel and comprehensive look at how the COVID-19 hospital work environment has influenced obstetrical nurses' well-being and performance.

Sustainability in quality and health safety: interface of public policies in portugal

The objectives of public health policies are, among others, sustainability, results and quality. The objective of the article is to share the analysis carried out on the interface of public policies for quality and safety in health and for sustainability. Methodology: document analysis and comparative analysis were used. The theoretical concepts of public health policies for quality and safety in health and policies for sustainable development in health were used. Results: integrating objectives for sustainable development (economic, social and environmental factors) in public policies and in the operationalization of sustainability policy measures in health, along with public policies for quality and safety in health. Conclusion: the quality health system presents an interface between sustainability and quality and safety. A formulation of public health policies for sustainability in the portuguese health system, implementation, monitoring and evaluation, including external evaluation, will be decisive for the health system. Public health policies for the sustainability of the health system must be implemented along with public policies for quality and safety in health, with the involvement and participation of health professionals.

Management of public and fiscal policies for the energy transition and sustainable development in Mexico

One of the biggest problems facing the population worldwide is global warming, mainly derived from the anthropogenic footprint. The excessive increase in actions that impact the environment such as public transportation, the use of fossil fuels, industry, etc., have unbalanced ecosystems. The measures and actions to mitigate the environmental impact have not been enough, this has disturbed the United Nations Organization (UN), which has taken a series of international measures such as the proposal of 17 objectives that help to safeguard different large social. Among the goals for 2030 is what is relevant to "clean energy". To align with these strategies, Mexico must take concrete and efficient actions; these actions must be established through the strict elaboration of public policies, which manage to integrate different scientific and technological areas, with timely participation of the different actors involved. The proposal of this document is the integration of public policies together with fiscal and energy policies that contribute to common objectives, through different actions such as energy efficiencies and increasing the participation of renewable energies in the country's energy matrix. Mexico has currently stopped some strategies planned in previous government periods, which have been stopping an energy transition that manages to establish an optimal use of infrastructure and develop a plan that allows the diversification of the energy matrix with the incorporation of renewable energy sources to reduce the use of fossil fuels, which have a share of more than 70% causing various damages to the environment and health. The execution of the proposed strategy required the integration and commitment of the different actors involved, due to the complex nature of the public policy formulation process, the authors propose working with a quality regulatory framework and monitoring the different governmental changes in the country.

Indoor Environmental Exposures and Their Relationship to Allergic Diseases.

Cockroach, dust mite, cat, dog, mouse, and molds are major indoor allergens that have been associated with the development of allergic diseases and disease morbidity in allergen-sensitized individuals. Physical characteristics, such as allergen particle size, hydrophobicity, and charge, can determine an allergen's propensity to become airborne, location of respiratory tract penetration, and ability to elicit IgE responses in genetically predisposed individuals. Standardization and recent advancements in indoor allergen assessment serve to identify sources and distribution of allergens in a patient's home and public environment, inform public policy, and monitor the efficacy of allergen avoidance and therapeutics. Allergen exposure interventions have yielded mixed results with current US and international asthma guidelines differing on recommendations. A pragmatic, patient-centered approach to allergen avoidance includes: (1) tailoring intervention to the patient's sensitization and exposure status, (2) using a rigorous multifaceted intervention strategy to reduce allergen exposure as much as possible, and (3) beginning the intervention as soon as the patient is diagnosed. Further research into the risks/benefits of early allergen exposure, rapid and affordable in-home allergen assessment, and best practices for environmental control measures for asthma is needed.

The Bargaining Politics: Determining Regional Public Policy in Formulating the Samisake Revolving Fund Program in Bengkulu City, Indonesia

The political arena influences the selection of an alternative policy for Samisake Revolving Fund program. In this phase, various interests affect the policy outcome, including conflict and bargaining positions among policymakers. Therefore, this study aimed to examine public participation in policy formulation for the Samisake Revolving Fund program in Bengkulu City, Indonesia. A qualitative method was used with a case study approach to the policy design, as well as typical conditions and variables. Data were collected by interviewing seven informants of five stakeholder elements and analyzed using flowing analysis. The results indicated high community involvement in the public policy formulation process that entails pushing issues into the policy agenda. The best policy alternative should satisfy all interested parties. Additionally, the policy was established by issuing the Regional Regulation draft on allocating the funding. This Regional Regulation should be accepted and implemented by all parties transparently with accountability to increase community participation and empowerment. The policy process displays a complex interaction among the policymakers. These policymakers include the executives of the Bengkulu City government from the Regional Technical Unit, community leaders and organizations, NGOs, and university academics. The interaction influences choices and policy decisions by creating conflict and tension in discussing the draft of Samisake Fund Regional Regulation. Therefore, future studies could examine stakeholder network participation in policy formulation and strengthening inter-institutional capacity to avoid conflict.

Economic Resilience and Sustainable Finance Path to Development and Convergence in Romanian Counties

Economic resilience and sustainable finance are two interlinked and crucial issues for development and convergence in Romania’s counties increasing cohesion. These issues can contribute to sustainable and balanced growth of local and regional economies and to the reduction of inequalities in regional development. Economic resilience in counties refers to their capacity to adapt and survive in the face of unforeseen economic shocks or challenges, and sustainable finance refers to ensuring responsible management of financial resources to support long-term development and protect the environment. Identifying and understanding the significant variations in economic resilience and sustainable financing between counties is essential for the formulation of regional development policies and strategies. These variations provide valuable information about the vulnerabilities and opportunities of individual counties and guide resource allocation and investment decisions. The research provides new data and relevant information on the significant variations among counties in economic resilience and sustainable financing, using a Markov transition probability matrix and exploratory–visual method. This study on Romanian counties aims to provide valuable information for the formulation of public policies to support balanced economic development across the country. The results showed that economic diversification is essential to increase the resilience of the economy to shocks and fluctuations. Counties that have a diversified economic structure, with multiple sources of income and economic activities, are less vulnerable to the negative impact of economic or natural events. Governance and political stability are key factors in creating a favorable environment for investment and economic development. Well-managed government policies can help maintain macroeconomic stability and increase the resilience of the economy to external fluctuations.

The application of modern digital technologies in public administration (on the example of the financial sphere)

Problem setting. For quite some time now, the Industry 4.0 technological approach has been not only discussed but also actively implemented around the world. According to clause 2 of the Resolution of the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine “On Promoting the Implementation of the Industry 4.0 Technological Approach in Ukraine” of 21.07.2021 No. 750, Industry 4.0 provides for comprehensive digitalization and automation of production processes and management in the real sector of the economy. We are impressed by the approach of scientists who emphasize that this can be achieved through the application of modern technologies in all spheres of public life, provided that a balanced state policy on digitalization, industrial and cluster development, stimulation of innovation and scientific activity, and, ultimately, the implementation of appropriate measures in many vectors: budget, tax, scientific and innovative, etc. is combined. It should be noted that the introduction of digital technologies in various spheres of public life is becoming increasingly important. analysis of recent researches and publications. The chosen research topic is currently very relevant. The study of the peculiarities of the use of modern digital technologies in various areas of public regulation was carried out by such specialists as: O. S. Balan, O. O. Dmytryk, A. S. Kolisnyk, V. Panasiuk, O. B. Semchenko-Kovalchuk, T. L. Shestakovska ect. At the same time, scholars are currently focusing on various aspects of the use of modern digital technologies, which is due to the specifics of the area in which certain technologies are used. the purpose of the research is to analyze the essence of modern digital technologies and the specifics of their application in public administration on the example of the financial sector. article’s main body. The article uses the example of the financial sector to reveal some aspects of the use of modern digital technologies in public administration. Based on the synthesis of existing scientific approaches, the authors outline the advantages, potential opportunities and disadvantages of blockchain technology (distributed ledger technology). The advantages include the following: decentralization, safety and security, immutability of already recorded data, openness and transparency, versatility, cost savings and acceleration of processes. The disadvantages of the studied technology: overestimation of the real capabilities of blockchain technology in public administration in the formation of public policy; excessive enthusiasm for the idea of removing the state from participation in many public processes; inability of a decentralized society to form and legalize new values of such a society, which will be used to further develop it; high energy dependence of the most common blockchain due to the complexity of the transaction, which makes it an expensive technology; scalability, etc. It is emphasized that the creation of high-quality legal regulation is of paramount importance for the integration of blockchain technology into the relevant areas of public administration. The researchers emphasize the importance of enshrining the definition of the “blockchain” category in legal acts, as well as the issues related to the use of blockchain in various areas of public administration. In addition to regulating the legal status of the blockchain, there is a need to create a high-quality (including legal) field for a wide range of participants in the field of public administration, built using modern digital technologies. These are: state and local governments, the private sector (business), relevant public organizations and representatives of higher education institutions (as experts in the relevant specialties). The cooperation of the above-mentioned entities is necessary to develop comprehensive and effective standards for the ability to interact with various elements of the blockchain system. In addition, the issue of ensuring the correlation of the legal norms governing the legal status of the blockchain with those legislative provisions governing the protection of private data is of particular importance. conclusions and prospects for the development. The author concludes that the use of blockchain technology is necessary in the administration of taxes and fees, as well as in accounting. This approach optimizes the activities of both tax authorities and taxpayers, and makes the course of tax and legal relations more convenient in the current environment.

An Exploration of the Effects of Gene-Editing Technology on Human Identity

An Exploration of the Effects of Gene-Editing Technology on Human Identity