Public Passenger Transport Research Articles

News of Transport Industry in November–December 2022

Our Journal publishes a selection of materials prepared based on news reports of the press centre of the Ministry of Transport of the Russian Federation and dedicated to several significant events of the past two months and some results of the entire 2022. The information refers to implementation of the national project «Safe High-Quality Roads», supply of new rolling stock for urban public passenger transport systems, modernisation, and safety of roads in general and on tourist routes, the impact of implementation of the national project on assessment of quality and accessibility of roads by public opinions. The information also covers issues of introducing new intelligent transport systems in cities, new legislative regulation of taxi services, the work of the CIS Transport Coordination Meeting, and reconstruction of the border crossing between Russia and Azerbaijan. In terms of the activities of the transport education system, attention is drawn to the past competitions of transport universities.

Prioritizing Outlier Parcels for Public Transport-Based Crowdshipping in Urban Logistics

The continuous growth of e-commerce puts pressure on logistic service providers to fulfill more parcel deliveries. Concurrently, there are increasing calls from governments and society to carry this out sustainably. Crowdshipping is one possible innovative logistic service that addresses these challenges. Crowdshipping enlists members of the public to fulfill parcel deliveries, ideally en route along their pre-committed journeys. In this paper, we consider a setting where public transport passengers can serve as crowdshippers and propose a comprehensive framework to organize the scheme. Firstly, outlier parcels are identified as being suitable for crowdshipping. Then, these outlying parcels are matched with crowdshippers, who pick up parcels from a set of selected parcel lockers. We also investigate the viability of crowdshipping with real-world data. By comparing a carrier’s performance to a base case without crowdshipping, the results show that delivery vehicle kilometers traveled and associated carbon dioxide emissions can reduce by up to 20%. A total of 11% of parcels can be redirected to be delivered via crowdshipping. Crowdshipping using public transport has the potential to be a sustainable way to fulfill urban logistics in a dense city.

Public Transport Services of Minibus between Cotonou and Porto – Novo in Benin

African cities, including Cotonou and Porto-Novo, have experienced an increase in their populations over the past four decades due to migration on the one hand and the services offered by the latter on the other. This requires mass transport for the mobility of urban populations and those on the outskirts of these cities. This research contributes to a better understanding of the risks to which the passengers of public transport provided by minibuses between Cotonou and Porto-Novo are exposed. The methodological approach used is based on documentary research, data collection in the field, data processing and analysis of results. The collection tools used are the observation grid, the questionnaire and the interview guide with 148 people and 21 municipal authorities. SPSS 2.1 was used for statistical data processing. The Excel 2013 spreadsheet, Word 2013 and QGIS software were respectively used for word processing, the creation of graphs and tables and then various maps. The analysis of the results shows that the socio-professional class of minibus public transport passengers between Cotonou and Porto-Novo is made up of workers 33% of the respondents; sellers and resellers of finished products, food (43%); students/pupils (11%) and others (13%) of those questioned. The purchasing power of this target remains weak, which does not allow it to use other means of public transport, which cost more than three times the minibus fare according to this one. Public transport by minibus is, therefore, the preferred method for low-class passengers. In addition, the results of this research reveal four main risks, which are: contamination of communicable diseases, including COVID-19, according to 23% of those questioned; the fall of apprentices or even users/passengers/customers for 24% of respondents; road traffic accidents (47%) and injuries related to discomfort in the seats of minibuses to which 6% of the passengers surveyed referred. Taking into account these risks and the weaknesses identified by this research will improve mass transport services by minibus between Cotonou and Porto-Novo.

СБАЛАНСИРОВАННОСТЬ ТРАНСПОРТНОГО ОБСЛУЖИВАНИЯ НАСЕЛЕНИЯ ГОРОДОВ: ОСНОВНЫЕ ПОДХОДЫ

The article selects, studies and structures possible approaches to the assessment of the balance of transport services for the population of cities. The authors have been analyzed the experience in solving the problem of balance the system of transport services for the population of cities and some regulatory documents in the organization of passenger transportation, including those governing the optimization of the structure of public passenger transport. The paper presents ideas about the current level of balance of the Tyumen public passenger transport system. It has been formulated the conclusions about the relevance and prospects of this kind of research in relation to the transport service systems in large cities of the Russian Federation.

The intelligent system "Controler" for the public passenger transport of the city of Omsk

The article contains information about the features of using the digital application "Controller" when optimizing the interval movement of buses of the municipal public passenger transport of the city of Omsk, an analysis of the features and advantages of creating a self-regulating system for passing buses along the route, when the driver, based on information received on the electronic scoreboard, controls the movement of the bus during stopover time. The paper formulates the main points of the practical use of digital technologies for online control of the interval of movement of buses when passing the route. The obtained results of the operation of the bus on the route and the entire rolling stock showed that changing the intervals of passenger transport leads to an increase in the performance of buses, to the optimal distribution of rolling stock along the passenger transportation routes. Keywords: digital technologies, interval traffic, control, urban passenger transport, rolling stock, software product, economic efficiency

PERFORMANCE IMPROVEMENT STRATEGY PALANGKA RAYA CITY MINIBUS WITH QUALITY FUNCTION DEPLOYMENT (QFD) METHOD

Palangka Raya, which has a population of 298,950 people in 2021, has experienced a population increase of 2.78% from the previous year. This rate of population growth will have a major impact on population mobility and the number of people using private vehicles. City transportation is a type of special passenger public transportation that operates in the City of Palangka Raya and serves urban areas. There are 5 (five) fixed routes that will be examined in this study, namely routes served by city transportation A, B, C, E, and F in the City of Palangka Raya. This research will use the CSI (Customer Satisfaction Index) and QFD (Quality Function Deployment) methods to determine the increase in the operational performance of city transportation. Based on CSI (Customer Satisfaction Index) analysis, the existing fleet must be modernized because this is a suggestion from the Quality Function Deployment based on the HOQ matrix.

TRAFFIC FLOW IDENTITY IN THE CONDITIONS OF THE CITY

The movement of a traffic flow along city highways is described by the movement of waves of speed, intensity and density, the equations and characteristics of which allow solving applied problems of traffic control, designing city highways and street-road networks and assessing the quality of existing traffic in cities.
 On the routes (sidewalks) there are flows of people (pedestrian flows) walking, on the streets and roads there are flows of cars (car flows), in public transport passengers are combined into passenger flows. These are flow systems that are modeled by a tetrahedron of states, but have their own identity: their flow units (car or step sizes), their travel distance, their travel time.
 For the qualitative restoration of Ukrainian cities, the identity of transport and pedestrian flows is revealed in comparison with different flow systems. The physical essence of traffic flows, their characteristics and interrelations in time and space are revealed. The simulation was based on the theory of state graphs, which made it possible to establish new characteristics of urban flows, such as traffic intensity, specific intensity, passability, traffic inertia, transience, road and transport potentials, exergy and flow power. The throughput capacity of the highway lane, ways to increase it and reduce congestion are determined.

Study of the passengers average waiting time at public transport stops

When predicting public transport routes in cities, important indicators should be considered: the duration of stay on the bus route, passenger flow on the bus route, points of attraction and the passenger’s average waiting time at stops. These indicators are the basis for planning the operation of city transport. In particular, predicting the duration of traffic by studying the average passenger’s waiting time at stops is an important planning tool for transport companies. Therefore, this study can improve the quality of scheduled services by reducing the gap between actual and scheduled travel time. This article discusses this relevance and, based on experimental evidence, points to the benefit of using studies of average passenger waiting times, especially considering population groups. In fact, most of the factors which affect public transport operation, as had been proven by previous studies, follow a definite mathematical methodology. The analysis was performed using the data from field studies of passenger flow at bus stops (Lviv, Ukraine). The study of passengers at stopping points makes it possible to improve the quality of public transport services (calculate travel duration between stops and the duration of stay at them more accurately). The duration of stay at selected objects depending on a number of passengers was studied. Also, there are given the results of a study of the waiting time of public transport passengers at bus stops are given. A comparison of the dependence of the bus waiting time on population groups was obtained. After receiving this information, system operators can design and adjust the data according to the estimated trip duration. Nevertheless, it is necessary to carry out research at different types of stops in different parts of cities to clarify these data and for a more detailed analysis.

SELECTION OF POSSIBLE SCENARIOS FOR IMPROVING THE QUALITY OF PUBLIC TRANSPORT SERVICES THROUGH THE USE OF HYBRID FUZZY-MCDM MODELS

A unified calculating approach is needed for public passenger transportation. All public transport companies and other stakeholders would have additional opportunities to create a transport offer if the unified methodology was made available to them and if calculations and calculation criteria were harmonized. Thus, the main goal – improving citizen mobility – would be accomplished. For this reason, in the study, we suggested the hybrid fuzzy methods for evaluating and improving the quality of public transport service. Unreliable responses of survey participants often distort group decision-making regarding the problem of public services, negatively affecting the end of the calculation procedure. Fuzzy multicriteria decision-making approach has been used. The suggested technique has the advantage of taking into account the degree of fuzzification of respondents' judgments about the choice scenario, while also using two MCDM models to eliminate bias in the responses.

Pertanggungjawaban Perusahaan Asuransi PT. Jasa Raharja (Persero) Kantor Perwakilan Padangsidimpuan Terhadap Korban dalam Kecelakaan Lalu Lintas Berbasis Perlindungan Hukum

This study aims to analyze the role, responsibilities, implementation, and accountability of PT. Jasa Raharja (Persero) Kantor Perwakilan Padang Sidempuan, an insurance company, towards victims of traffic accidents based on legal protection. The research utilized an empirical legal research method with a descriptive analytical approach. Data were obtained through literature review and qualitative analysis of field research. The findings indicate that PT. Jasa Raharja (Persero) has a role in collecting mandatory contributions and donations from transportation owners/operators and public transportation passengers. The company is responsible for providing compensation to traffic accident victims as regulated by legislation. The implementation of responsibilities aligns with the legal regulations. However, challenges arise regarding the requirements and processing time for filing insurance claims for traffic accidents. The accountability towards traffic accident victims based on legal protection is insufficient due to public unawareness of compensation provisions and procedural requirements for submitting compensation claims. Consequently, the legal protection for traffic accident victims and the community remains unrealized

Increasing the Quality and Efficiency of the Transportation Process in Railway Passenger Transport in the Case of Another Pandemic Period

Abstract During the individual waves of the COVID-19 pandemic, several areas have been significantly changed in our society. Especially during its first wave in the spring of 2020, lockdowns began to be introduced practically overnight and several strict anti-pandemic measures were adopted in most countries of the world, which changed the lives of all residents. The mentioned changes also significantly affected the public passenger transport sector and the transport process. Many times, they were implemented into practice immediately without conceptual systematic preparation. This contribution is focused on a progressive proposal of measures to improve the quality and efficiency of the transport process in railway passenger transport in the next potential period of the pandemic. In the process of providing a passenger with a travel document during the pandemic, new technical and technological elements are implemented in railway stations and trains to reduce the risk of virus transmission in order to protect the health of the passenger and the carrier’s employees. By introducing more modern passenger equipment systems in railway passenger transport in the form of automation and digitization of processes, it is possible to streamline and improve the quality of the transport process.

Wrocław public transport passengers’ satisfaction survey by means of CSI and IPA

The purpose of this paper was to assess the level of satisfaction of passengers using public transport services in Wrocław and to identify the quality characteristics that the service provider needs to improve if it wants to increase the overall quality of its services. The passenger satisfaction survey was conducted according to the stages of the developed procedure outlined in the article. In pursuit of the stated goal, CSI and IPA were used. The main measurement tool used was a survey questionnaire. The survey was conducted on a sample of 500 respondents, which allows us to trust the results at 95%, assuming an “estimation error” of ± 5%. A total of 14 transport demands were selected to evaluate the level of satisfaction of passengers using services provided by MPK Wrocław. Statistical analysis of the data was carried out using Statistica 13.3 software and using functions and commands available in Microsoft Excel. The results obtained allowed us to conduct a detailed analysis related to the level of the services quality of the Wrocław’s public transport. These results should be used by urban transport organisers and operators to shape their transport offerings, primarily in terms of increasing the quality of transport services. This is very important since it is, among other things, the quality of public mass transport that determines the quality of life of residents, as well as the conditions for economic development of the transport network.

Functional Model Of Public Transport Passenger Flow Analysis And Assessment

Abstract. Problem. The operation of transport systems of a large city must ensure a continuous flow of passengers. The subway occupies a special place in the city's transport system. The constant increase in the loading of the subway not only worsens the conditions of passenger transportation, but also shortens the service life of the rolling stock and negatively affects the reliability of its operation. In the future, this may cause failures of the rolling stock, which means work failures. The main factor in the development of subway systems is passenger traffic, which determines the development of the subway network, the capacity of technical equipment, the number of vehicles, the size of depots and vehicle repair plants, and the time of repair with the least economic losses. Thus, one of the urgent tasks of the functioning of transport systems is the creation of an automated system of mass passenger service, in particular in the subway. Goal. The tasks of this study are the analysis of the subject area, the design of the information system according to the task, the selection of the necessary tools for this development, and the methods of software implementation. Analysis of passenger flows using an automated system will allow to solve many problems of design, operation, and planning of metro work, will allow to reduce the time for passenger service and optimize passenger flows. Methodology. Research methods are the methods of mass service systems. Results. The creation of a functional model will make it possible to develop a software product for the analysis and assessment of public transport passenger traffic. Originality. Practical value. The software product created on the basis of the developed functional model will enable the user not only to analyze, but also to optimize the work of both existing and future metro stations.

Enhancing service quality of rural public transport during the COVID-19 pandemic: a novel fuzzy approach.

In order to encourage the use of public transportation, it is necessary to make it more appealing to commuters by conducting frequent Service Quality (SQ) evaluations and modifications. Understanding passengers' expectations of public transportation are important, and evaluating the SQ is an essential tool for assessing the overall performance of the public transportation system. The purpose of the present study was to examine the expectations and perceptions of core passengers regarding SQ in public bus transportation. By surveying 598 passengers in rural public transportation in India, the study results are illustrated and further discussed to guide possible bus SQ improvements in rural areas. In addition, the impact of these expectations and perceptions on satisfaction levels of rural public bus transportation services are explored by applying the Interval-Valued Pythagorean Fuzzy (IVPF). The outcomes of the survey indicated significant disparities among expectations and perceptions of passengers, as well as widespread dissatisfaction with the delivery of bus services in rural areas as a whole. The dependability and adaptiveness of the bus service have been critical in describing the overall quality of bus services in rural areas, and best practices from around the world were used to develop a set of recommendations for transportation operators and local officials.

A novel modelling approach of integrated taxi and transit mode and route choice using city-scale emerging mobility data

The modelling of mode and route choices of public transport passengers is an essential component of travel demand modelling and transportation planning. Traditionally, choice models are trained using data from revealed and stated preference surveys which are not only cost and time intensive but also suffer from bias due to limitations in sample size. In this article, we present a novel approach utilizing a combination of emerging data sources for non-private modes, namely public transit smart card data, taxi GPS trajectory data, and taxi trips transaction data in order to calibrate an integrated taxi and transit mode and route choice model. We apply our approach for a case study of the taxi and public transport system of Singapore using data sets obtained from the local transport authorities. We solve the first mile and last mile data gaps by overlaying the individual transport nodes against geospatial land use data in order to identify their actual origin and destination points of each journey. To model the behavioural inter-dependencies between the choice of taxi and transit options, we tested a two-level nested logit model and a cross-nested logit model. Along with the commonly included exploratory variables such as in-vehicle travel time, transfer time and number of transfers, our model also incorporates differences in travel cost and separate mode specific constants for peak and off-peak periods. Generic and mode-specific in-vehicle travel time and cost coefficients are tested in the utility functions for the transit and taxi alternatives. Willingness to pay estimates are calculated and compared against similar estimates from Singapore. We also present an application of the model by predicting the mode split between taxi and transit under selected transit and taxi fare change scenarios. Our modelling methodology is highly generalizable and can be applied to other cities with similar data availability.

Modern classification of routes and analysis of the structure of transportation cost

In 2022 in the Russian Federation, most of the urban citizens use the services of public passenger transport. Moreover, the main share of passenger urban logistics falls on the bus fleet. According to leading economic experts, this circumstance is primarily due to the fact that in the largest cities of Russia, due to the large influx of private cars, big problems began to appear in the form of traffic jams and parking spaces. And there was no alternative to personal transport except for passenger urban logistics. Another important factor: every year the population in Russian cities is steadily growing. And this is provided that today urban passenger logistics is in demand more than ever. Unfortunately, the amount of subsidized funds that the government of the Russian Federation allocates for the maintenance of municipal urban transport does not fully cover all the costs of carriers. Analysts attribute the lack of subsidies primarily to their biased calculation: local authorities in the Russian Federation determine the amount of subsidies using outdated regulations and without proper methodological calculations. All this together leads to disappointing and biased results of calculations.

Effectiveness Analysis of Public Transit Pandemic Prevention Strategy Considering Traveler Risk Perception

Since the outbreak of COVID-19, there have been hundreds of millions of confirmed cases in the world, and people can strongly perceive the risk of infection with the virus in their daily lives, which has seriously affected people’s life and travel, thus hindering the development of all sectors of society, especially the transportation sector. Taking China as an example, since the outbreak of the pandemic, China’s overall public transportation passenger volume has decreased by about 37%, seriously affecting the normal running of the public transit. Therefore, the ways of ensuring the normal running of the public transport system during the pandemic has become the focus of this paper. In order to solve this problem, this paper constructed a SEM model based on pandemic risk perception, analyzed the impact of public transit pandemic prevention strategies (TPS) on risk perception (RP) and travel mode use according to the personal trip survey data in Harbin, China during the pandemic. The results showed that people’s risk perception had a significant negative impact on car usage and transit usage. In other words, people’s risk perception of virus infection had a great impact on travel, especially on the use of public transit. The transit pandemic prevention strategy had a significant negative impact on risk perception, and had a significant positive impact on people’s use of transit. This showed that in the current pandemic outbreak period, the transit pandemic prevention strategy proposed by the Harbin authorities cannot effectively reduce transit usage, and can provide proven and effective transit pandemic prevention strategies. This provided an important support for ensuring the normal running of the public transit system and guiding the sustainable development of public transit during the outbreak of the pandemic.

Modeling and Prediction of Sustainable Urban Mobility Using Game Theory Multiagent and the Golden Template Algorithm

The current development of multimodal transport networks focuses on the realization of intelligent transport systems (ITS) to manage the prediction of traffic congestion and urban mobility of vehicles and passengers so that alternative routes can be recommended for transport, especially the use of public passenger transport, to achieve sustainable transport. In the article, we propose an algorithm and a methodology for solving multidimensional traffic congestion objectives, especially for intersections, based on combining machine learning with the templates method—the golden template algorithm with the multiagent game theory. Intersections are modeled as independent players who had to reach an agreement using Nash negotiation. The obtained results showed that the Nash negotiation with multiagents and the golden template modeling have superior results to the model predictive control (MPC) algorithm, improving travel time, the length of traffic queues, the efficiency of travel flows in an unknown and dynamic environment, and the coordination of the agents’ actions and decision making. The proposed algorithm can be used in planning public passenger transport on alternative routes and in ITS management decision making.

Formation of crowdshipping habits in public transport: Leveraging anticipated positive emotions through feedback framing

To meet global goals for emission reductions, widespread behaviour change is needed. This includes adoption of novel travel habits. Public transport–based crowdshipping represents an opportunity for linking novel travel habit formation with the challenges posed by the environmentally burdensome state of last-mile parcel deliveries. This paper investigates potential links between anticipated as well as experienced positive emotions and behaviour formation in the highly habitualised context of public transport use. The empirical basis is a two-month real-world field experiment, in which public transport passengers could carry test parcels to and from Automated Parcel Lockers placed at public transport stations and stops. A pre- and post-survey was distributed in relation to the experiment. The results show that participants who to a higher degree anticipated having positive emotions evoked by participation reported a higher degree of habit formation. Second, recipients of an environmentally framed feedback showed more conducive attitudinal and behavioural results, including habit formation and post measures for anticipated positive emotions. Third, the environmentally framed feedback further supported the habit formation effect of anticipated positive emotions. Finally, a higher degree of habit formation was found amongst participants using a smartcard compared to monthly cardholders who do not need to perform any related physical tasks when travelling by public transport. Results indicate the possibilities of supporting motivated cueing, where the reward value of performing a behaviour is conditioned onto situational cues that, with repeated participation, become associated with the (emotional) reward.

Research on the Real-Time Dynamic Evaluation of Public Transport Passenger Service Satisfaction Based on the Internet

Research on the Real-Time Dynamic Evaluation of Public Transport Passenger Service Satisfaction Based on the Internet