Public Partnerships Research Articles

Pattern of Cybercrime Among Adolescents: An Exploratory Study

Background: Cybercrime is common phenomenon at present both developed and developing countries. Young generation, especially teenagers now engaged internet frequently and they commit cybercrime frequently in Bangladesh. Objective: To assess consequences of cybercrime among teenagers was the motto of the study. Methods and tools: This study was a cross-sectional study, descriptive in nature. Non-probability accidental sampling technique has been applied to select the sample because of the nonfinite population and the sample size was 167. A printed semi-structured questionnaire was used to collect data. Results: The study identified consequences of cybercrime on various aspects of individual and social life such as lack of trust and confidence hinders profitable transaction, economic loss, tarnishing the country reputation towards foreigners, denial of innocent Bangladeshi’s opportunity abroad, loss of life in various ways, inimical to the progress and development in the country, and favor of loss of employment. Respondents thought that social network users are the prime victims of cybercrime (92.8%). Moreover, financial institutions also another victim (82.6%) followed by mobile internet users (80.2%). About 80.2% said that criminals were always on the net, 82.0% told of spend money lavishly, 67.1% in favor of riding the best automobiles, 65.9% for date the most beautiful lady, 62.3% for mainly clubbers, 47.3% on indulged in religious activities and 45.5% in live like kings in the society. Conclusion: The study concluded that consequences of cybercrimes are alarming and increasing day by day. Finally, it is recommending that the private public partnership and execution of existing laws can be controlling this crime along with gray area of social media and net-work.

Evolutionary Game Analysis of Ecological Governance Strategies in the Yangtze River Delta Region, China

Under integrated ecological and green development in the Yangtze River Delta, the regional ecology is adversely affected by ineffective synergistic governance. Regional environmental governance is a collaborative process involving multiple stakeholders and mutual engagement, with each participant pursuing their interests and common goals simultaneously. This study employed stakeholder theory. A tripartite evolutionary game model of the public, enterprises, and local governments was constructed to analyze the behavioral strategies and influencing factors for the parties involved, and the impacts of key factors on the stability of the evolutionary game system were evaluated. The results indicate that ecological environmental governance in the Yangtze River Delta region is a complex and evolving system involving multiple stakeholders, within which system stability is influenced by stakeholders’ behavioral strategies. The interests of each party are affected by the cost of public involvement in ecological environment governance and the benefits and subsidies that enterprises receive for active environmental governance. The costs and penalties paid by local governments for lax regulations impact their behavioral strategies. This study provides policy recommendations for ecological governance in the study region, including the government–enterprise co-construction of liquid regulatory funds, government–enterprise–public partnerships in low-cost regulatory models, and the sharing of high-quality regulatory outcomes.

Testing for COVID-19 in Latvia: Analysis of Public–Private Partnerships

Abstract Private–public partnership is a collaboration between two major sectors of a municipalities economy. It is a so called “win-win” partnership, where both parties can benefit in achieving their planned goals while working jointly. In December 2019, in China, the first reported cases of COVID-19 were detected. The virus spread quickly throughout China and reached Latvia in March 2020. In this study we analyse the role of private–public partnerships in organising effective COVID-19 testing of the population in Latvia. By 1 June 2020, Latvia had the 3rd lowest incidence of COVID-19-caused deaths per 100,000 inhabitants. This study included a systematic review, data acquisition, analysis of the findings, and conclusions were drawn and discussed. During the 1st wave of the pandemic, the private sector collected and conducted more than 95% of the COVID-19 testing in Latvia. The study showed that there could be many contributing factors to success of Latvia during the 1st wave of the pandemic, one of which was that Latvia seemed to rely more on the private sector to organise the testing, which seemed to pay off at first.

The Rise of Public–Private Religious Partnerships: Arguing Church Autonomy in the Era of Public Funding of Religion

Abstract Religion and government, following the influence of Locke and Madison are often considered two different institutions. As such, they function under different sets of rules. We argue that the ‘two institutions’ image and institutional reality are increasingly untenable. Rather, religion and government are intertwined in many democratic countries, including, growingly, in the US, that it would be more accurate to speak of the new norm of governmental–religious hybridity. Advances in data collected regarding religion–state relations, and the accumulation of court decisions in the US bring to the fore a new norm of religious–governmental hybridity. Such hybrid institutions are typically functionally religious associations; however, their funding is sourced in the government to create ‘public private religious partnerships’. If such a re-classification is justified, then norms of public law should apply to such religious associations. This bears substantial implications vis-a-vis central concepts used in political and legal circles regarding religious freedom; furthermore, this reclassification also bears upon an ongoing intellectual debate between scholars such as Chiara Cordelli—advocating democratization of religion, and Michael W. McConnell who advocated an opposing view: a strong version of church autonomy. So, this reclassification bears important implications for both scholarly debates and political issues.

Impacts of Capital Investment in Tourism Infrastructure: The Case of the Kuélap’s Cable Car System

Summary Located in the north of Peru, the Archaeological Complex of Kuélap – an ancient fortress nestled in the cloud forest – is considered a significant cultural resource representative of one of the country’s most important pre-Inca cultures: the Chachapoyas. While being a main destination on the north-eastern tourism circuit, this site required considerable development in order to attract tourism to the area. This case study investigates the relationship between capital investment in tourism infrastructure and improvements to tourism services. A combination of public and private partnerships allowed for the improvement of accessibility and tourism information facilities. The implementation of a cable car system to the fortress, the first of its kind in the country, has significantly reduced the trip distance from 2 h of hiking down to 20 min. The inclusion of signposting, infography and resting areas has also contributed to tourism satisfaction. Furthermore, through the development of community-based products and services, the local population is expected to benefit from the increase in visitation. As a result of these developments, tourist numbers showed a positive increase, contributing to the local economy. This case study examines current impacts and provides an analysis of other factors related to the management of heritage sites and their implications in the long term. Information © The Authors 2024

Formulate an incentive model to involve communities’ industries in coastal waste management, Makassar, Indonesia

This paper proposes an incentive model to involve communities and industries in effectively managing coastal waste in Makassar, Indonesia. The model seeks to incentivize stakeholders to invest in waste management solutions and enable public stakeholders to monitor and evaluate the progress of waste management activities. The model actively encourages participation from all stakeholders and builds upon existing efforts to promote environmental accountability. The proposed model includes several key components. It focused on public and private partnerships that should be fostered to coordinate stakeholder approaches and provide capital investment. It also focused on a financial reward scheme that should be adopted to incentivize businesses and individuals that invest in waste management initiatives. Performance bonus awards and tax incentives are proposed as possible incentive schemes. Lastly, a regulatory framework should be developed to ensure environmental standards are met and regulated. The framework should include regular reporting and auditing requirements and the implementation of penalties for those who fail to comply. The proposed incentive model seeks to engage stakeholders in effectively managing coastal waste in Makassar, Indonesia, through public and private incentive schemes.

Physical Activity Policy, Systems, and Environment Change Through Extension SNAP-Ed: A Multistate Perspective.

The Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program-Education (SNAP-Ed) provides nutrition education and support for healthy living in SNAP-qualifying communities. SNAP-Ed supports policy, systems, and environmental (PSE) efforts to make the healthy choice an easier choice. SNAP-Ed implementers have widely adopted healthy eating PSE supports. However, physical activity (PA) PSE strategies are less common, with limited awareness between states of how other SNAP-Ed implementers approach PA-focused PSE work. Physical Activity Policy, Research, and Evaluation Network (PAPREN) Rural Active Living Workgroup project members sought to explore how Extension-based SNAP-Ed implements PA-focused PSE approaches. A sample of Extension-based SNAP-Ed program (n = 8) leaders were purposefully recruited from eligible universities in six of the seven SNAP-Ed regions. An interview guide to systematically collect information about current Extension SNAP-Ed implementation focused on PA PSE strategies was developed iteratively by the PAPREN Rural Active Living Workgroup Extension PA PSE project team. PA PSE Extension SNAP-Ed implementation efforts occurred at the state, county, and community levels and/or within local organizations. PA PSEs included school PA policy change, shared-use agreements, active transportation promotion, park development, walking challenges, and PA-promoting signage. All interviews highlighted the importance of partnerships at local, county, and state levels for PSE efforts. Extension-based SNAP-Ed shows potential to bring community partners together to plan and implement PA-focused PSE approaches. With a focus on SNAP-eligible people and substantial geographic reach, Extension SNAP-Ed is uniquely situated as a public health partner to broadly implement PA PSE changes.

1866 The impact of patient and public involvement on partnership in the DREAM project

Abstract Introduction Patient and Public involvement is a cornerstone of the DREAM (Digital and Remote Enhancements for the Assessment and Management of older people) project. An advisory group of 10 diverse older people and carers was established to shape the research through regular discussions and explore inclusive involvement approaches for future work. Methods We conducted a reflective process evaluation to highlight the impact of the involvement process on the project and our public partners themselves. We collated impact logs, reflections and feedback from our public partners and an artist recorded the impacts using illustration. Results The advisory group: • helped to lay the foundations of the project and steered its development with their views, knowledge and experiences • shaped how evidence is captured and analysed so that it is usable, acceptable and makes sense to older people and carers • provided insights to consider for implementation and shaped our dissemination strategy Our public partners and researchers also expressed relational impacts such as shared ownership. Public partners joined this project to improve health care for other people. They felt safe to share their experiences and be listened to. It gave them confidence in their health management, and they have built friendships. People also found comfort in the diversity of individuals and sharing common concerns. Conclusion(s) Public partners have been instrumental in the development of the DREAM project and supported the programme by being a critical friend beyond the remit of the research. Continued communication and feedback resulted in public partners feeling heard and their suggestions acted upon. Researchers and public partners felt gratitude, ownership and joy working on this project, and finding shared values. Our involvement approaches have shaped reciprocal relationships and had impact on our research culture, forming a foundation to the values of the people it is serving.

Consequences of Cybercrime Among Teenagers

Background: Cybercrime is common phenomenon at present both developed and developing countries. Young generation, especially teenagers now engaged internet frequently and they commit cybercrime frequently in Bangladesh. Objective: To assess consequences of cybercrime among teenagers was the motto of the study. Methods and tools: This study was a cross-sectional study, descriptive in nature. Non-probability accidental sampling technique has been applied to select the sample because of the nonfinite population and the sample size was 167. A printed semi-structured questionnaire was used to collect data. Results: The study identified consequences of cybercrime on various aspects of individual and social life such as lack of trust and confidence hinders profitable transaction, economic loss, tarnishing the country reputation towards foreigners, denial of innocent Bangladeshi’s opportunity abroad, loss of life in various ways, inimical to the progress and development in the country, and favor of loss of employment. Respondents thought that social network users are the prime victims of cybercrime (92.8%). Moreover, financial institutions also another victim (82.6%) followed by mobile internet users (80.2%). About 80.2% said that criminals were always on the net, 82.0% told of spend money lavishly, 67.1% in favor of riding the best automobiles, 65.9% for date the most beautiful lady, 62.3% for mainly clubbers, 47.3% on indulged in religious activities and 45.5% in live like kings in the society. Conclusion: The study concluded that consequences of cybercrimes are alarming and increasing day by day. Finally, it is recommending that the private public partnership and execution of existing laws can be controlling this crime along with gray area of social media and net-work,

‘We don’t make best use of art in public health’: lessons learned from co-producing a theatre performance to stimulate debate about Universal Credit

Background: Universal Credit radically changes the welfare system for working age adults in the UK. Although aiming to simplify the benefit system, its implementation has been widely criticised and the rollout beset with difficulties and delays, negatively affecting the lives of many claimants. Methods: Drawing on findings from a qualitative study of Universal Credit claimants and staff supporting them in North East England, we critically reflect on the process of co-producing a play for a public audience with Cap-a-Pie theatre company, artists, public partners, voluntary and community sector organisations and academics. Reflections and learning: We draw on reflections from stakeholders involved in the creative process and audience members’ responses to a filmed reading of extracts from the play. We explore the pitfalls, setbacks and successes of co-producing a theatre performance to communicate research findings and inform and enrich public discourse about Universal Credit. Discussion: The arts are a vital part of the public health landscape, but the potential utility of theatre remains underexplored as a tool to stimulate debate about the effects of welfare reform. We aim to contribute to debates about the challenges of co-production and social value of using arts-based methods in public health to address inequalities and promote social justice. Conclusion: We explore the extent to which collaborations between researchers, public, policy and practice partners, and theatre makers can raise awareness of the effects of Universal Credit, challenge negative attitudes about Universal Credit claimants, and stimulate debate about the adequacy of social security in the UK.

Zimbabwe’s Preparedness in Aviation Disasters Management: A Case Study of Robert Gabriel Mugabe International Airport (RGMIA).

This research paper sought to determine Civil Aviation Authority of Zimbabwe’s (CAAZ’s) preparedness in managing aviation disasters paying particular focus on Robert Gabriel Mugabe International Airport (RGMIA). The study was largely prompted by the continuous failure by RGMIA management to conduct emergency exercises as a standard requirement by the International Civil Aviation Organisation (ICAO). The representative sample consisted of ten CAAZ management staff, five CAAZ flight safety standards inspectors, pilots, fire officers, two Civil Protection Unit directors and four Ministry of Transport Directors. The study employed qualitative research with a case study design. Data was collected through interviews. Qualitative data analysis was used in analysing data. The study established that RGMIA has satisfactory disaster preparedness plans but lacks financial capacity to carry out regular emergency exercises as required by ICAO. The research also found out that facilities and personnel at RGMIA cannot handle a large-scale aviation disaster. The study’s recommendations are based on an exhaustive analysis of various aspects of the airport’s disaster preparedness activities. RGMIA urgently needs to build capacity in terms of funding, equipment and training to keep abreast with international disaster preparedness best practices. CAAZ should also engage in Public and Private Partnerships (PPPs) in order to avert equipment and funding challenges that are affecting disaster preparedness.

The AMR Hub: a public–private partnership to overcome barriers to commercialisation and deliver antimicrobial stewardship innovations

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is recognised as one of the greatest scientific challenges of the 21st century, disproportionately affecting people living in low- and middle-income countries. With bacterial pathogens becoming increasingly resistant to antibiotics, there is an urgent need for innovative approaches to combat this growing threat. The World Health Organization has recognised this need and prioritised further research to enhance diagnostics, surveillance and our understanding the epidemiology and drivers of AMR. The Industrial Transformation Research Hub to Combat AMR, or the AMR Hub, is an Australian collaborative private–public research partnership involving over 20 organisations. It aims to foster multidisciplinary collaborations across sectors and develop wholistic solutions that address barriers to the commercialisation of tools to minimise the risks of AMR. The AMR Hub’s research is focusing on sexually transmitted infections, which are increasingly resistant to antibiotics and have few alternative candidates in the pipeline. Investigators are together developing novel diagnostics, optimising treatment, identifying tools to detect active bacterial infections, and engaging stakeholders to optimise AMR innovation. Through a multidisciplinary ecosystem across sectors, the AMR Hub seeks to fast-track the development of adaptable technologies, new antibiotics and stewardship innovations for prevention, while also addressing societal, economic and commercial aspects of AMR solutions.

Novel and Proven Models of Public, Private, and Public-Private Partnerships in Healthcare: An Update.

Initiatives to share assets in the life science sector through dedicated partnerships had and still have a multitude of different aspects in the past few decades. The range goes from industry partners, small and big companies, in bilateral agreements with academic institutions up to large privately and publicly funded consortia. In general, the term public-private partnership (PPP) is used when at least one public (non-profit, academic, and/or government) part and one or more private for-profit partners are involved. A Public-Private Partnership is often driven by a public body, i.e. a ministry or a public agency. Their synergism has been described 10years ago (Dearing, Science 315(19):344-347, 2007; Casty and Wieman, Ther Innov Regul Sci 47(3):375-383, 2013; Stevens et al., Biotechnol Law Rep 34(4):153-165, 2015). So why view this synergism again today? It will be shown that the situation in life science has changed: novel partners acting digital, data expertise being involved on many levels and novel partnering models arising. Success and challenges will be described in this chapter.

ДЕРЖАВНИЙ ФІНАНСОВИЙ АУДИТ: РЕАЛІЇ, ТЕНДЕНЦІЇ ТА НАПРЯМИ УДОСКОНАЛЕННЯ

The effective operation of the state, as well as its successful development, depends on the availability of budgetary funds, their proper distribution and use. That is why the problematic aspects of auditing in the field of public finance are of great importance. The state financial audit helps to assess the reliability of financial statements of state institutions and enterprises, which ensures transparency of their financial activities to the public and international partners. The audit helps to identify shortcomings in financial management and reveal opportunities for reducing costs and optimizing budget resources. Based on a thorough analysis of the national legislative and regulatory framework, the article presents the key differences between an independent audit and a state financial audit according to the following comparison criteria: concept; subjects; legal regulation; grounds for conducting; organizational and managerial support; financing; and documentation of the audit results. Particular attention is paid to the objects of the state financial audit, such as the implementation of budget programs, local budgets, activities of business entities, investment projects, use of information technology, state (regional) target programs. The article analyzes statistical reports on state financial audits conducted by the State Audit Service of Ukraine for 2018–2023. In particular, it was found that since 2019 the number of state financial audits conducted annually decreased, and in 2023 their number increased. At the same time, the share of components of the state financial audits conducted is approximately the same, except for state financial audits of investment projects, which were conducted only once in 2019 and twice in 2020. Based on the results of the state financial audits conducted in 2018–2023, the losses of financial and material resources caused by inefficient management actions or risky operations were compensated and prevented, and financial violations that caused losses of financial and material resources were eliminated. It is found that every year (except for 2021) both the amount of compensation and the amount of elimination of losses of financial and material resources, as well as the amount of eliminated financial violations, are increasing. The authors provide directions for improving the implementation of the state financial audit in Ukraine, which is an important tool for ensuring the stability and sustainable development of the Ukrainian economy, promotes confidence in public institutions, attracting investment and efficient use of budget funds.

Undertaking Studies Within A Trial to evaluate recruitment and retention strategies for randomised controlled trials: lessons learnt from the PROMETHEUS research programme.

Randomised controlled trials ('trials') are susceptible to poor participant recruitment and retention. Studies Within A Trial are the strongest methods for testing the effectiveness of strategies to improve recruitment and retention. However, relatively few of these have been conducted. PROMoting THE Use of Studies Within A Trial aimed to facilitate at least 25 Studies Within A Trial evaluating recruitment or retention strategies. We share our experience of delivering the PROMoting THE Use of Studies Within A Trial programme, and the lessons learnt for undertaking randomised Studies Within A Trial. A network of 10 Clinical Trials Units and 1 primary care research centre committed to conducting randomised controlled Studies Within A Trial of recruitment and/or retention strategies was established. Promising recruitment and retention strategies were identified from various sources including Cochrane systematic reviews, the Study Within A Trial Repository, and existing prioritisation exercises, which were reviewed by patient and public members to create an initial priority list of seven recruitment and eight retention interventions. Host trial teams could apply for funding and receive support from the PROMoting THE Use of Studies Within A Trial team to undertake Studies Within A Trial. We also tested the feasibility of undertaking co-ordinated Studies Within A Trial, across multiple host trials simultaneously. Clinical trials unit-based trials recruiting or following up participants in any setting in the United Kingdom were eligible. Clinical trials unit-based teams undertaking trials in any clinical context in the United Kingdom. Funding of up to £5000 and support from the PROMoting THE Use of Studies Within A Trial team to design, implement and report Studies Within A Trial. Number of host trials funded. Forty-two Studies Within A Trial were funded (31 host trials), across 12 Clinical Trials Units. The mean cost of a Study Within A Trial was £3535. Twelve Studies Within A Trial tested the same strategy across multiple host trials using a co-ordinated Study Within A Trial design, and four used a factorial design. Two recruitment and five retention strategies were evaluated in more than one host trial. PROMoting THE Use of Studies Within A Trial will add 18% more Studies Within A Trial to the Cochrane systematic review of recruitment strategies, and 79% more Studies Within A Trial to the Cochrane review of retention strategies. For retention, we found that pre-notifying participants by card, letter or e-mail before sending questionnaires was effective, as was the use of pens, and sending personalised text messages to improve questionnaire response. We highlight key lessons learnt to guide others planning Studies Within A Trial, including involving patient and public involvement partners; prioritising and selecting strategies to evaluate and elements to consider when designing a Study Within A Trial; obtaining governance approvals; implementing Studies Within A Trial, including individual and co-ordinated Studies Within A Trials; and reporting Study Within A Trials. The COVID-19 pandemic negatively impacted five Studies Within A Trial, being either delayed (n = 2) or prematurely terminated (n = 3). PROMoting THE Use of Studies Within A Trial significantly increased the evidence base for recruitment and retention strategies. When provided with both funding and practical support, host trial teams successfully implemented Studies Within A Trial. Future research should identify and target gaps in the evidence base, including widening Study Within A Trial uptake, undertaking more complex Studies Within A Trial and translating Study Within A Trial evidence into practice. All Studies Within A Trial in the PROMoting THE Use of Studies Within A Trial programme had to be registered with the Northern Ireland Network for Trials Methodology Research Study Within A Trial Repository. This award was funded by the National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR) Health Technology Assessment programme (NIHR award ref: 13/55/80) and is published in full in Health Technology Assessment; Vol. 28, No. 2. See the NIHR Funding and Awards website for further award information.

Peningkatan Kewaspadaan Masyarakat Kelurahan Jaticempaka, Bekasi Terhadap Banjir dengan Alat Pendeteksi Banjir

Floods occur due to rainfall that is high enough so that the water level rises above normal limits and overflows into residential areas. Floods can occur regardless of time, so there is a need to increase public awareness of floods. In the environment around the Krisnadwipayana University, namely, Jaticempaka Village, Bekasi, which is one of the public service partners, floods often occur due to the overflow of the Sunter River. Based on surveys and monitoring, the lack of public awareness of Jaticempaka Village, Bekasi, regarding flood disasters due to the lack of a system or device that can detect the high water level in the Sunter River, which causes flooding. Therefore, lecturers and students of the Electrical Engineering Study Program, Faculty of Engineering, Krisnadwipayana University were inspired to participate with carrying out public service, namely by making and installing a flood detection device that can detect water level levels at the Sunter River using an Atmega 8535 microcontroller and an ESP8266 MCU node. It is hoped that by installing the flood detection device, the public of Jaticempaka Village, Bekasi, can obtain information about the water level of the Sunter River, so that can increase public awareness of flood disasters.

Public and professional involvement in a systematic review investigating the impact of occupational therapy on the self-management of rheumatoid arthritis

Introduction: Public and health professional involvement (PHPI) is essential in healthcare research yet uncommonly integrated into systematic reviews. We incorporated and evaluated PHPI in a mixed methods review of occupational therapy for self-management of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Methods: Public partners were living with or caring for someone with RA. Our steering group comprised two public, two professionals (one occupational therapist, one rheumatologist), and one reviewer who planned the review’s PHPI (August 2021). Involvement was evaluated from public and health professional (PHP) perspectives using a survey and workshops (August–October 2022) exploring reasons for involvement, challenges and learning opportunities. Results: Alongside the steering group, 16 public and 6 professionals were involved throughout the review. Five public refined the search strategy, with three assisting in subsequent review activities. PHPs helped interpret findings during three public ( n = 12) and one professional workshop ( n = 4). Three occupational therapists and one public co-authored (ED) publications. In evaluation, PHPs felt valued and that their involvement was well-integrated. The researchers underestimated the time required for communicating and conducting PHPI in the review. Conclusions: PHPI is worthwhile, feasible and can be integrated within a systematic review. PHP partners considered participation valuable; researchers must prioritise time to prepare and communicate PHPI activities.

The Influence of Information Technology Based Audit Procedures and Audit Experience on Audit Quality

The Ministry of Finance as one of the regulators in Indonesia has also issued regulation Number 186 /PMK.01/2021 concerning the Development and Supervision of Public Accountants which is effective on March 15 2022 (Janah et al., 2022). This regulation did not appear without reason. Several cases related to audited financial statements have occurred in recent years. Some of the financial reports that are cases include the financial reports of PT. Garuda Indonesia Tbk which was audited by the Public Accounting Firm Tanubrata Sutanto Fahmi Bambang and Partners which is also an international affiliated Public Accounting Firm, namely BDO International, where the financial reports of PT (Setiono et al., 2020).

Assessing the Scalability of a Community-Based Self-Management Intervention for Older Adults with Diabetes and other Chronic Conditions – The Aging, Community and Health Research Unit Community Partnership Program (ACHRU-CPP)

Background: A multi-pronged approach was undertaken to assess the scalability of the Aging, Community and Health Research Unit – Community Partnership Program (ACHRU-CPP), a complex, integrated 6-month self-management program for community-living older adults with diabetes and multimorbidity and their caregivers, in two Canadian provinces. The ACHRU-CPP was co-designed by patients, caregivers, home and community-care providers, and researchers, in response to a gap identified by older adults in the self-management of their diabetes and other conditions. The intervention was tested in a feasibility study and an earlier pragmatic trial found that older adults who received the ACHRU-CPP experienced greater improvements in quality of life and self-management, and greater reduction in depressive symptoms, compared to those who received usual diabetes care, at no additional cost to society. Delivered by a collaborative team of primary care providers (registered nurses, registered dietitians) and a community program coordinator, key components include home visits, group wellness sessions, team-based case conferences, caregiver support, interprofessional collaboration, and nurse-led care coordination. Scalability assessment is an integral phase of the current research program, which evaluated the effectiveness and implementation of the ACHRU-CPP in four settings in Ontario (ON) and Prince Edward Island (PEI).
 Methods: Multiple methods were used to assess scalability of the ACHRU-CPP in ON and PEI: an environmental scan, individual key informant interviews, and qualitative and quantitative data from both the foundational studies and the current trial of ACHRU-CPP implementation and effectiveness. The Intervention Scalability Assessment Tool (ISAT) guided data collection and analysis. The environmental scan was conducted with strategic input from Scalability Working Groups in ON and PEI. These groups were comprised of members of the program’s governance structure, including patient and public research partners, researchers, primary care and community service providers and administrators, and policy- and decision-makers. These partners advised on relevant research and policy documents, identified potential key informants (i.e., policy- and decision-makers at the local, provincial, and national levels), and will participate in scalability assessment workshops in ON and PEI in late 2022, to finalize the scalability assessment, and identify components of the intervention to be strengthened, and barriers to be addressed to enhance the scalability of the program, in each province.
 
 Results: To date, the results of the scalability assessment have identified areas of strength and limitations within the program, most notably issues with health human resources, mixed results regarding the effectiveness of the program, and other resource gaps.
 Conclusion: This study has evaluated the scalability of a community-based program for older adults with diabetes and multiple chronic conditions that integrates primary and community care. It also provides valuable insight on the usefulness and feasibility of the ISAT for assessing scalability, as well as strategies to engage strategic practice, policy, and public partners in the process. 
 Next steps: While scale-up of the ACHRU-CPP may be merited due to the prevalence of diabetes and multimorbidity among older adults, and alignment of this program with health policy, several barriers need to be addressed before scale-up can be recommended.

LGBTQ+ persons access to (person-centred) care according to posts on Twitter.

This project follows the premise of person-centred care (PCC) as a holistic model of care in which all persons are included, and their preference and needs are incorporated in the care process. A group for which this is particularly important are lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer, and others (LGBTQ+) healthcare seekers. They are often discriminated against and occasionally refused treatment because the healthcare system does not recognise their needs. This project aims to see their unique perspective on their healthcare treatment and the need for PCC. The study presented here is displaying voices that would otherwise go unheard and social media is a place where these marginalised groups interact express their opinions and experiences. 
 This study focuses on access to healthcare and what barriers and facilitators are present in the tweets on this subject. This study’s data are gathered through tweets as, although somewhat widespread in a population, the LGBTQ+ community comes together on social network platforms. For this study, both English and Spanish tweets are sought to investigate this issue as this is a trending topic in both the USA and Latin-America. 
 Public and Patient involvement was applied in this study so that a LGBTQ+ individual could help with the search terms and interpretation of the results. Another public partner was added for the translation of the Spanish tweets to ensure that the meaning behind the tweets was preserved. This last partner cowrote a pilot paper and was involved in writing this study too.
 The results showed that most of the barriers can be found in society outside of healthcare. Political agendas, religious beliefs and xenophobia were at the forefront of the barriers. LGBTQ+ persons experience challenges with opposing legislation as well as stigma and misunderstandings. With the political debate the distance to receiving quality care increased. Most facilitators were only accessible when the person receives care. The healthcare providers were clear that societal opposition would not affect the hypocritic oath. 
 This study confirms that for this marginalised group, researching them once they are in healthcare is too late as much of the barriers are presented before. Research should be more inventive and finding different ways (such as through tweets) to reach these groups that need PCC but have difficulty getting there. 
 The next step is a larger project in which not only the tweets are analysed but the LGBTQ+ Twitter users are asked for interviews to uncover the context of the tweet and the entire experience of barriers and facilitators to healthcare.