Public Media Research Articles

Deerminants of watchdog journalism: A global empirical approach

This article introduces and examines a hierarchical model of influences that identifies the variables affecting the watchdog role of journalists at three levels: the societal (press freedom and democracy), the organizational (media ownership), and the individual (editorial autonomy and perceived influences) on a global scale. Using data from 27,567 journalists in 6403 media organizations across 67 countries, the model's validity is confirmed. The findings reveal that variations in journalists’ perception of their role are more pronounced at the societal level compared to the organizational and individual levels. Furthermore, journalists tend to assume a watchdog role more prominently within public media as opposed to private or state-run outlets. Surprisingly, press freedom and democracy have a weak and insignificant impact on watchdog journalism, challenging established norms in the literature, a result that we critically discussed.

The Influence of Strategic Media on Nation Building: The Case of Sudan

The study systematically investigated the hypothesis that strategic media initiatives promote and accelerate nation-building processes (NBP) in Sudan. The strategic media variables examined included three essential ones: media language perfection (MLP), qualitative media coverage (QMC), and information building plan (IBP). Using a multilinear regression model (MLRM), the study analyzed the relationships among these predicting variables and their impact on the dependent variable. The evaluation of how the three predictors impact nation-building and state stability required the distribution of a survey containing 21 questions. 200 Sudanese journalists from different parts of the country received the questionnaire. They represent diverse backgrounds across private and public media institutions, including male and female participants. The principal data collection technique adopted by the study was the online survey, supplemented by other secondary sources such as journals, books, and professional internet websites. The use of a five-point Likert scale was feasible to evaluate responses. The analysis indicated that the three predictors collectively explained 94.2% of the variation in NBP (R² = 0.942, p < 0.001). Among these predictors, IBP demonstrated the highest impact (β = 0.624), followed by MLP (β = 0.589) and QMC (β = 0.247). These findings underscore the significant role of professional media in Sudanese nation-building by facilitating practical initiatives and addressing internal conflicts. The study contributes robust empirical evidence and theoretical insights into the efforts of Sudanese journalists, emphasizing the critical role of strategic media in fostering nation-building and enhancing state stability.

Hashtivism as media discourse: analysing pioneer environmental action in Public Service Media through transmedia formula

Various studies have analysed the news media’s participation in debates generated in the public digital sphere represented by social media, particularly X (formerly Twitter) and Instagram. Some of these debates have gained strength and become authentic movements linked to certain social struggles, such as feminism. Similarly, the so-called ‘environmental hashtivism’ or ‘eco-hashtivism’ is acquiring increasing importance in the context of this digital sphere. In view of this, the focus of this article is the distinctive area of public radio and television channels in Europe to examine the transmedia action #EKIN_klima, developed by the Basque public audiovisual corporation Euskal Irrati Telebista (EITB). The study of this pioneering initiative allows us to understand just how the eco-activism actions of the public news media can help to reposition it within the hybrid media system and contribute to the modernisation of its social function, along the lines of other actions, such as those carried out by the BBC against disinformation. In this way, it has been noted that the environmental issue is not only something to be included in the news media agenda, but also an opportunity for the public news media to legitimise its social and innovative character through transmedia branding actions.

On political interests and self-serving diversity: How state policymakers envision public service media

ABSTRACT Since 2012, diversity has been a declared pillar of Public Service Media (PSM) organizations worldwide – yet the term lacks conceptual clarity. This article offers an empirical analysis of how diversity is discussed and conceptualized in the process of legislating a new PSM law. Through reflexive thematic analysis of 160 transcripts of Israel’s parliament discussions during 2012–2018, we find that policymakers approach diversity as a crucial feature in PSM organizations, yet seem unable to produce an operationalizable definition of it. Our findings suggest diversity is easily manipulated for political interests – a phenomenon we coin as “self-serving diversity.” The Israeli case herein contributes a data-based approach to theorizing media diversity as a bendable ideology rather than a concrete embracive approach to society.

Public Participation Monitoring: Social Media Data Mining and Analysis of User Engagement Patterns

Social Media Platforms (SMP) like Twitter and Facebook have become public influencing medium in today’s digital age which facilitate community interactions. These necessitates the monitoring of public participation in these SMP. This work performs such an study by examining the user engagement patterns in social media in Indonesia during the national elections (#Pemilu2024), Ramadan celebrations (#Ramadan2024), and climate change discussions (#ClimateChange). The data for the study was collected during a period of six months from (January to June 2024) using event-specific hashtags and keywords. To identify the user engagement patterns datamining and Natural Language Processing (NLP) tools were utilized. The findings show that the Twitter platform has higher user engagement in morning with news updates and visual updates at evening. The Facebook show user engagement in afternoon with videos and evening engagement with shared articles. The Sentiment Analysis (SA) and network analysis was performed over the dataset and the findings have shown that higher positive sentiments towards elections and Ramadan but argumentative towards climate change discussions. The Twitter show rapid communication effectiveness compared to Facebook. Further the youth prefer faster update and older expect detailed content sharing.

Political communication from the standpoint of ideational turn: cognitive representation of the idea of Shanghai Cooperation Organization (in English)

The article examines the specifics of political cognition as a structural element of political communication. The main task of the study is to identify, in the conditions of an ideational turn, the characteristics of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization political and media axis, modeled in scientific and media publications and conditioned by different logic and political cognitions of the authors. The mediatization of modern political discourse makes it possible to consider ideology as a potential opportunity that creates grounds for organizing the institutional present through the symbolism recontextualization of the institutional past. The Argentine sociologist, anthropologist and semiotic, Professor of Communication Sciences at the University of San Andres, Elisio Verona’s position is recognized as a priority in understanding ideology. Critical linguistics is considered to be the most productive in terms of representing and describing the multiplicity of interaction between participants in political communication, balancing communication of political cognitions. In the conceptual modeling process, elements of political analysis are used, based on the appeal to ideas as causal variables. The research is carried out taking into account the importance of causal-constitutive logics, while causal logic is recognized as the priority logic of communication, with an orientation towards the idea as a focal point. The authors consider the idea of cooperation, which models the SCO’s institutional functions, through cognitive presentations in scientific and media sources, and ground its interpretation on the terminological and conceptual apparatus of Russian constructivism.

Echo of extinction: The Ivory-billed Woodpecker's tragic legacy and its impact on scientific integrity

Abstract Among the current surge in extinction rates, exceeding between 100 and 1000 times the prehuman background rate, a multitude of species quietly fade away, largely escaping the notice of our collective awareness. The extinction of only a select few species has the power to captivate public attention, stir emotions, and ignite debates comparable to the case of the ivory-billed woodpecker (Campephilus principalis). Reports purporting a rediscovery of this long-extinct species periodically surface and find their way into peer-reviewed journals, attracting worldwide attention from the public media. This phenomenon persists despite a glaring lack of evidence supporting such an exceptional claim, in disconnect with principles of population biology or even common sense, thereby risking erosion of public trust in the foundations of nature conservancy and the integrity of scientific methodologies in general. The tragic fate of this iconic species therefore holds significance beyond ecology, providing deep insights into extinction and conservation while highlighting the need for refinement of scientific rigor and standards of evidence in the peer review process and beyond.

Digital Sovereignty, the Private Sector, and a Social Republican Alternative

The European Union has stated the ambition to regain control over the digital sphere, which academics have construed as both a push for digital sovereignty and as a form of digital constitutionalism. The strategy promises to be an improvement over the previous period of digital liberalism. I suggest, however, from a republican perspective, that this strategy of digital sovereignty is not sufficiently critical of the reliance on the private sector. A dominant private sector comes with a risk of widespread infrastructural dependency and yields too much of the digital sphere to a way of thinking that is shaped in accordance with silicon valley companies. On a republican account, these are arguably forms of structural domination. To prevent these risks from materialising, the European strategy should instead emphasize the role of alternative ownership models, such as those found in the digital commons and in public service media organisations.

Analysis of Computational Bibliometric Mapping in Multimedia for Art Learning Media Publications using VOSviewer

This research explores the development of fine arts learning media using interactive multimedia research. The goal can be a reference for researchers in conducting and defining research themes, especially around multimedia learning. The method is used through a bibliographic approach with computational mapping analysis using VOSviewer. Article data is retrieved from the Google Scholar database using a publish-or-perish reference management application. Article titles and abstracts serve as guidelines when searching for keywords like "art," "learning media," and "multimedia." We found 447 seemingly related articles. The study period used as learning material is a paper from the last five years (2018 to 2023) indexed by Google Scholar. The results of research on fine arts learning media using interactive multimedia can be classified into four terms. The first term "Training" belongs to cluster 2 with a total of 34 links, an overall link strength of 138, and 59 events. The second term, "Media", belongs to cluster 2, with a total of 30 links, an overall connection strength of 142, and 74 events. The third term, "Multimedia", belongs to cluster 2, with a total of 27 links, an overall connection strength of 110, and 55 events. The fourth term "art" belongs to cluster 1 with a total of 34 links, an overall link strength of 138 and 59 events. From 2018 to 2020, the survey found research fluctuations in several media-based art learning media studies (65, 110, and 124 publications per year, respectively). The number of studies decreased from 44 (2021) to 16 (2023) from 2021 to 2023. Thus, there are still many opportunities for researchers to discuss it.

БҮГІНГІ БҰҚАРАЛЫҚ АҚПАРАТ ҚҰРАЛДАРЫ КЕҢІСТІГІНДЕГІ ЛИНГВОЭКОЛОГИЯ МӘСЕЛЕЛЕРІ

The number of mass media outlets in the information space is growing every year, with a particular increase in TV channels, websites, and portals disseminating information in the Kazakh language. A key issue today is not only to expand the quantity of Kazakh-language media but also to enhance the quality of their content. The aim of this research is to analyze the language culture within Kazakh-language media, particularly in the social sphere, to identify shortcomings, and to develop examples that align with the norms of the literary language. This article provides a detailed analysis of the issues related to linguoecology as reflected in the media, offering a comprehensive review of linguistic and stylistic errors, the use of inappropriate language, and the creation of artificial proverbs and sayings. The analysis is grounded in the principles of language culture and literary norms. Examples frequently encountered in media publications and television broadcasts are examined. Furthermore, the article suggests ways to improve the linguistic environment by addressing the influence of extralinguistic factors and provides scientific recommendations for enhancing language use. The research methods employed include analysis, control, and review. The conclusions and insights are particularly relevant for authors, journalists, and broadcasters who produce content in the Kazakh language.

A cross-sectional study on utilization and barriers of eSanjeevani telemedicine services in rural areas of South India: Curing at a distance

Background: Telemedicine services are essential in a country like India, where the doctor-to-patient ratio and hospital-topopulation ratio are lower than the World Health Organization (WHO)-recommended ratio. To prevent the long waiting time for doctor appointments, diagnosis, and treatment plans in person, an alternative system such as eSanjeevani telemedicine is necessary to tackle medical emergencies in a populated country like India. Objectives: To assess the utilization and barriers affecting the utilization of eSanjeevani services among residents of rural areas in Karnataka. Materials and Methods: A Cross sectional community study was conducted in the rural areas of south India, using a pre-tested semi-structured interview schedule. Multistage cluster sampling method was used to select 400 households. The collected data has been expressed in terms of frequencies and percentages. Results: The study identified that most of the study participants were from lower middle class as per the modified Kuppuswamy Scale. Only 34.8% were aware of the eSanjeevani services and among them 22% utilized eSanjeevani services in which General medicine services (86.3%) were used the most. Major barriers for utilization included network issues (29%) followed by no room for queries/questions (20%). Conclusion: Telemedicine has the potential to enhance the availability and accessibility of healthcare to everyone. At the moment, lack of awareness, low network connectivity, and inherent technological limits pose major challenges for accessing telemedicine. Utilization of telemedicine can be increased by making people aware about the advantages of using it through strong Information, Education and Communication and media publicity

A Diachronic Study on the Study of Cheondogyo’s Publication Media during the Japanese Colonial Period : Focusing on 『Gaebyeok(開闢)』

A Diachronic Study on the Study of Cheondogyo’s Publication Media during the Japanese Colonial Period : Focusing on 『Gaebyeok(開闢)』

Changes in Public Perception of ChatGPT: A Text Mining Perspective Based on Social Media

Public perceptions are the decisive factor affecting ChatGPT development. Previous research mostly employed single quantitative or qualitative methods to analyze the perceptions of ChatGPT as a whole over a period of time, ignoring the dynamics of public perception. The true perceptions of ChatGPT remain an open question. We extracted 56,769 comments from 1 December 2022 to 15 February 2023 on Sina Weibo to investigate the changes in public perceptions based on sentiment and concerns. The trend analysis results revealed that positive attitudes dominated in stage 1, but attitudes reversed and negative sentiment gradually increased. Impact, Fault, and Regret were constant topics of public concern, while there were also worries about ethics and social division. Besides, excessive media publicity on ChatGPT results in over-trust, thereby affecting human-machine interaction and triggering reflections on individualism and the weakening of subjectivity. Our findings provided valuable insights for the future development of ChatGPT.

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Digitalization has significantly influenced the challenges facing the media industry. The very process of media transformations "is no longer a technical need, but is already a social reflection and need, a need for communication, a need for solving political and technological problems in the society of this time" (Bebić & Volarević, 2016). Therefore, the attention of users is increasingly difficult to capture, thanks to the diversity of media publications, and in this sense traditional media often fail to respond to specific audience demands (Trattner, et al., 2022).Today, users are exposed to a large amount of information on a daily basis, their content is increasing, so media content cannot be imposed on users, but they choose only what they are interested in for consumption. However, traditional electronic media have understood the importance of the new multidimensional environment, therefore they are using a multiplatform through the Internet that use digital technology both to place the content and to personalize the offers against the user (Ćitić, 2020).

Climate change related litigation in Indonesia

Indonesia contributes to greenhouse gas emissions but is also vulnerable to climate change. However, the country does not have a single, overarching law explicitly addressing climate change. Climate litigation is now used in Indonesia to hold governments and corporations accountable. Here, I review the courts’ decisions for criminal and civil climate change-related cases between 2010 and 2020 and highlight trends and examples of case studies, driving factors, and impacts of climate litigation cases in Indonesia. I show that 112 climate change-related cases were brought to Indonesian courts, most of which were criminal cases concerning forestry or forest fires. In addition, there were a number of civil court cases. The cases use phrases concerning climate change in their main claim, argument, evidence, expert witness arguments, and judgments. They are regarded as incidental climate change litigation cases. However, these cases are essential in developing climate change litigation in Indonesia because they open up a discussion of climate change issues in the Indonesian courts and public media.

Russia’s Image in False Mirror of Russophobia

The article analyses russophobia as a tool for creating a distorted image of Russia. The publications in the Russian media serve as the material for the study. These publications, on the one hand, represent the falsified perception of our country by the collective West, and on the other hand, are part of the official mass media discourse in the promotion of universal and state values. The research is carried out in compliance with the imagological paradigm. Modelling is the main method of the analysis. Modelling provides the opportunity to investigate and describe the phenomena of reality taking into account the existential, cognitive, discursive, and axiological characteristics of object under analysis. Russophobia in the present research is considered as a discursive practice with its own existential, axiological, linguistic characteristics, and content, which are determined by the peculiarities of the modern geopolitical situation. As a result of the analysis of empirical material, the following characteristics of the analyzed phenomenon are revealed: russophobia is, first of all, the activity of the Ukrainian authorities; russophobia is equated with xenophobia, nationalism and nazism; russophobia is a political technology of the fight against Russia. From a linguistic point of view, russophobia possesses the following characteristics: militant, rabid, manic, cave-like, attributed to a specific geographical name. The paper presents an analysis of the metaphorical content of russophobia in the official mass media discourse. The Research prospects are outlined.

Edukasi SWADAIA: Swamedikasi Dispepsia Berbasis Kasus dan Video pada Masyarakat Desa Sungai Kakap, Kabupaten Kubu Raya

The prevalence of dyspepsia in Sungai Kakap Village is ranked third largest based on data from the Sungai Kakap Community Health Center, Kab. Kubu Raya with an incidence of 1,636 cases in 2023. One of the problems experienced by dyspepsia patients is inappropriate self-medication or self-medication. This Community Service Activity (PKM) is aimed at PKK members and Posyandu cadres because they are part of the community and are also an extension of health workers in helping solve problems experienced by dyspepsia patients. The method used in this PKM is case-based and educational videos. This PKM activity consists of several activities including preparation of activities; orientation and coordination of activities; selecting the target audience for educational media creation activities; providing pre-tests and cases at the beginning of activities; providing educational materials; discussion; post-test; evaluation of activity implementation; and data analysis. The output of this community service is publication in local electronic media in West Kalimantan (Suara Pemred/Tanjungpura Times), publication of scientific articles in the Sinta 4 accredited journal " PengabdianMu ", Copyright of educational videos and videos of implementation of activities on the FK UNTAN YouTube channel. The overall results obtained were an increase in knowledge of 27.19% with an average pre-test score (60.6) and post-test score (77.08). According to the evaluation of activities through questionnaires, participants considered the material presented to be very interesting, and the learning media provided was considered to provide new knowledge.

Community Diversity and Social Media Use in Local Governments

Compared to its ubiquity, social media use remains a divisive topic in the public sector. While local governments have increasingly adopted social media to increase civic engagement, many are still hesitant. Among the many factors that may have influenced the adoption of social media in local governance, we argue that community diversity deserves more attention. This study theorizes the relationship between local governments’ use of social media and community diversity. We examine this relationship within the context of township governments, which is an understudied area of research in public administration. The results indicate that community diversity is related to an increase in social media use. We discuss the theoretical and practical implications of our findings and suggest fruitful avenues of inquiry in public administration social media research.

Special Issue of the Asian Journal of Business Ethics on Global Survey of Business Ethics (GSBE) Reports 2022–2024 from Asia, Australia, and Russia: Australia

AbstractThis report examines a study focused on current interest areas and themes of business ethics in Australia as discussed in the Australian media (major national and State newspapers) across the years 2019–2022, using content analysis and stakeholder frame of focus. The identified themes are then compared with themes identified in the Global Survey of Business Ethics 2022–2024. These themes provide a framework to compare with themes identified as important for teaching and research through a survey of Australian university educators in business schools involved in ethics teaching and research in South Australia and Western Australia. Findings indicate that ethics and ethical concerns appear across a range of media publications in Australia which in turn is placing pressure on businesses to respond to this ethics talk in the media in explaining or justifying their actions. Although no particular pattern is identified from responses, some topics are gaining more prominence such as climate change and artificial intelligence, both in the media and in university courses and research. Topics of discussion were ranked from very important to important. It is concluded that ethical issues are important for Australian business and business is responding. Key ethical issues include climate change and sustainability, governance, government and transparency, and organizational culture with ethical issues of interest to Australia featuring including sport, corporate misconduct, and Indigenous issues.

On the Road to Electoral Democracy? Erosion of the Free and Fair Elections Standard in the Era of the Polish Constitutional Crisis after 2015

This article attempts to diagnose the state of democracy in Poland, remaining in the era of constitutional crisis and following the erosion of the free and fair elections standard, which determines the criteria for distinguishing an electoral democracy from a liberal democracy. For this purpose, the individual elements constituting this concept are analyzed, both having a procedural dimension and referring to the course of the three phases of the electoral process itself (the period before election day, on election day and after election day), as well as referring to the standards of honesty, reliability, the real possibility of alternative power or equal opportunities. The conclusions drawn at individual stages of the deliberations, including an indication of the destabilisation of electoral law, the erosion of guarantees regarding the reliability of elections, disproportion in the access of political party representatives to public media, lead to a thesis on the formation of electoral democracy in Poland, which can be described as a democratic system devoid of liberal values. It is characterised by restrictions on freedom of association, freedom of speech and academic freedom, electoral distortions, unequal access of representative political parties to the public media and judicial guarantees related to the electoral process.