Transport Transition Research Articles

Real-time passenger social distance monitoring with video analytics using deep learning in railway station

<span lang="EN-US">Recently, at the end of December, the world faced a severe problem which is a pandemic that is caused by coronavirus disease. It also must be considered by the railway station's authorities that it must have the capability of reducing the covid transmission risk in the pandemic condition. Like a railway station, public transport plays a vital role in managing the COVID-19 spread because it is a center of public mass transportation that can be associated with the acquisition of infectious diseases. This paper implements social distance monitoring with a YOLOv4 object detection model for crowd monitoring using standard CCTV cameras to track visitors using the DeepSORT algorithm. This paper used CCTV surveillance with the actual implementation in Bandung Railway Station with the accuracy at 96.5 % result on people tracking with tested in real-time processing by using minicomputer Intel(R) Xeon(R) CPU E3-1231 v3 3.40GHz RAM 6 GB around at 18 FPS.</span>

Hyperloop, HeliRail, Transrapid and high-speed rail systems. Technical characteristics and cost-benefit analyses

During recent years several innovative technology systems have been conceived with the purpose to produce ever faster and more efficient transportation systems (TS) such as the Transrapid, Hyperloop and HeliRail that could provide numerous potential benefits over the traditional railways including the High-Speed Railway (HSR) system. These TS are examined from a technical point of view and are compared to each other by cost-benefits analysis. Benefits (B) and Costs (C) taken into consideration both in Financial and Economic analysis are those of each unconventional transportation system (i.e. Transrapid, Hyperloop and HeliRail) with respect to the HSR system. A case study has been considered (line length: 500 km, traffic demand: 15 million passengers for direction). The results demonstrate that from a financial point of view all the innovative TS are worse in comparison with the HSR system. The economic indicators show that the most advantageous system is the HSR because the other ones give rise to values of the Economic Net Present Value (ENPV) < 0. Alternative types of TS in comparison with HSR system are unsustainable since, for each of these, it results ENPV <0 and benefit-cost ratio B/C < 1. Sensitivity analyses of Financial and Economic indicators in function of the traffic demand levels (range 1–21 million passengers/year) and line lengths (range 100–800 km) have been carried out to identify the most appropriate transportation system for given boundary conditions. The outcomes prove that the best mass public transport system is still today the HSR, except in special cases.

Role of ride-hailing in multimodal commuting

The high rate of urbanization, dependence on private vehicles, and less integrated transportation systems in Jakarta’s metropolitan city and surrounding areas (called 'Jabodetabek' or Greater Jakarta) make congestion a chronic problem. Some challenges, such as the distance to stations/stops of mass public transport services beyond walking distance and the first-mile/last-mile public transportation is neither widely available nor reliable, have resulted in difficulties for existing public transport users to commute. This study aims to understand the role of ride-hailing on commuters’ multimodal journeys in Greater Jakarta, particularly in its role in complementing mass transportation. Face-to-face interviews with 5,064 commuters at mass transport service stations selected randomly and proportionally based on the number of commuters for each mass transport service were conducted from the end of December 2019 until the beginning of March 2020. A descriptive analysis describes the commuters’ profiles, their multimodal and multi-segment trips, and their ride-hailing use for their journeys. Ride-hailing has a complementary role to mass transport users, with almost half of them using the service for the first-mile and/or last-mile part of their journeys. Important factors affecting their decisions are identified, of which the top five are factors related to the service quality of mass transport and aspects related to access to ride-hailing services. An environmental impact analysis was conducted by comparing the GHG emissions of commuters’ current and previous main mode choices. The role of ride-hailing for first-mile/last-mile is essential to influence the shift from using private vehicles to mass public transportation, which eventually can reduce emissions. Several recommendations are provided to policymakers, mass transport operators, and ride-hailing service providers to create a seamless multimodal journey for commuters.

Toward Cleaner Transport Alternatives: Reduction in Exposure to Air Pollutants in a Mass Public Transport.

Commuters are often exposed to higher concentrations of air pollutants due to its proximity to mobile sources. Despite recent trends in urban transport toward zero- and low-tailpipe emission alternatives, the assessments of the impact of these transformations on commuter exposure are limited by the low frequency of such studies. In this work, we use a unique data set of personal exposure concentration measurements collected over the span of 5 years to analyze changes due to the introduction of a new fleet for Bogotá's Bus Rapid Transit System. In that system, over a thousand Euro-II and -III diesel-powered buses were replaced with Euro-VI compressed natural gas and filter-equipped Euro-V diesel buses. We measured personal exposure concentrations of equivalent black carbon (eBC), fine particulate (PM2.5), and ultra fine particles (UFP) during and after the retirement of old buses and the introduction of new ones. Observations collected prior to the fleet renewal were used as baseline and later compared to data collected over two follow-up campaigns in 2019 and 2020. Significant reductions in the concentration of PM2.5 and eBC were observed during the 2019 campaign, with a 48% decrease for mean in-bus eBC (89.9 to 46.4 μg m-3) and PM2.5 (180.7 to 95.4 μg m-3) concentrations. Further reductions were observed during the 2020 follow-up, when the fleet renovation was completed, with mean in-bus eBC decreasing to 17.7 μg m-3 and PM2.5 to 42.3 μg m-3. These observations imply nearly a 5-fold reduction in eBC exposure and a 4-fold decrease in PM2.5. There was a much smaller reduction of in-bus UFP concentration between 2019 and 2020, indicating a persistent presence of high particle number concentrations in the near-road environment despite the fleet renovation process. In-bus UFP concentrations ranged between 65 000 and 104 500 cm-3 during the follow-up campaigns. The results in this work illustrate the immediate benefits of reducing personal exposure through the adoption of vehicles with more stringent emission standards.

Reduction and Substitution of Markets

The article discusses the problem of reducing and replacing markets in the past, present and future. The author assumes that the market collapses when a new market takes its place or is another already existing one is being expanded. Two reasons for the replacement of markets are identified — technical innovations and the deterioration of business conditions in the established markets. In the first case, the replacement of the market comes from the supply side, in the second — from the demand side. When the conditions of activity worsen in one market, buyers’ demand flows from the collapsing market to another, which increases due to this. The author also divides market substitution processes into spontaneous and organized ones. It is noted that the coronavirus epidemic puts on the agenda the problems of curtailing three markets that make up a significant part of consumption in the modern economy: mass gatherings (entertainment events), public transport, and restaurants. It is indicated that economic science in these conditions should reorient its research from the problems of economic growth to the problems of changing the structure and composition of markets to achieve balanced development, taking into account current and future restrictions on activities in the areas mentioned above.

Are Mass Transit Projects and Public Transport Planning Overlooking Distributional Effects to Tackle Inequalities?

Are Mass Transit Projects and Public Transport Planning Overlooking Distributional Effects to Tackle Inequalities?

Can Private Public Partnership Pullout Lebanon Out of Its Worst Economic Crisis?

Lebanon is grappling with the worst economic crisis in decades. One cannot escape the reality that Lebanon is broke and is set to face an even more agonizing economic downturn. While Lebanon has lost many past opportunities to develop its infrastructure including its energy, waste management, water, and transport, it is high time that authorities roll up their sleeves and give development a fillip in the country through Public Private Partnership (PPP). Financing a project through a public-private partnership can allow a project to be completed sooner or make it a possibility in the first place. Public-private partnerships allow large-scale government projects to be completed with private funding. The success of PPP project is defined on the basis of repayment of loans without recourse to public sector guarantees or tax revenues and the provision of public services without inflicting a direct or indirect burden on the population, that is already encumbered with huge debt as in the case of Lebanon. On one hand, establishing a railway network in Lebanon via PPP will not only enable mass public transportation but will add significantly to economic growth in the country. Electricity, as well, in the heart of the economic crisis, the government should consider partnering with green power producers via PPP to resolve this issue. Furthermore, Lebanon had two oil refineries, renovating those refineries will allow Lebanon to secure its needs of oil and then eventually to export its surplus. Likewise, Special Economic Zones play a key role in rapid economic development of a country. Hence, upgrading the infrastructure of Tripoli and its port has numerous benefits especially with the intent of reconstructing Syria.

Application of VR Intelligent Technology in Fire Evacuation Simulation of Urban Rail Transit Station

With the expansion of the city and the rapid development of public transport, the subway as a mass public transport means to bear a very large number of passengers, so that in the morning and evening rush hour, some subway stations are almost saturated. Once a disaster happens in a subway station, the saturated space environment makes it difficult for passengers to evacuate. In addition, the subway station is usually located underground, buried depth of about 10m-30m, the accident station passengers have to overcome their own gravity to the ground to escape, which increases the difficulty of passenger evacuation.Fire is one of the biggest security hidden dangers in subway operation. Once it happens, it will bring huge loss to the safety of social resources and people's life and property. On the basis of summarizing the present situation of fire evacuation in urban rail transit stations at home and abroad, this paper firstly analyzes and studies the factors that affect the fire evacuation ability of stations. Then through the station fire evaluation index to build the safety evacuation evaluation index system. Finally, through the VR technology, computer simulation, field investigation and other methods to quantify the index, the Fuzzy Network analysis of the station fire safety evacuation capacity comprehensive evaluation and put forward targeted countermeasures and suggestions.

Reactivating commuter cycling: COVID-19 pandemic disruption to everyday transport choices in Sydney, Australia

The COVID-19 pandemic and the subsequent rollout of public health lockdown orders, social distancing measures, and general avoidance of crowded and enclosed places, like mass public transport, have disrupted everyday transport mobilities worldwide. This paper offers insights on the transformative potential of pandemic disruption on transport behaviours through the experiences of commuter cycling reactivation which took place in Sydney, Australia since March 2020. We combine sensory ethnography with Deleuze and Guattari's concept of the refrain to interpret the pandemic as an experimental reference point in the reactivation of commuter cycling, specifically with regards to timing, flow, and spacings. Experiences of commuter cycling in Sydney reveal how fear is attached to cycling bodies. The sensations of self that arise through such conflict are differentiated within and between gendered bodies and urban topography, elements, and infrastructure. We find that for reactivated cyclists, the ability to fashion commuter cycling territories as safe and efficient is an ongoing experimental process of temporal and spatial segregation and separation. In this regard, the pandemic rendered concrete new possibilities of everyday commuting, but these remained constrained by popular discourses relating to cycling and cyclists.

Environmental Attitude of Drivers in Alimosho Local Government Area, Lagos, Nigeria

Abstract This study examined the environmental attitude of drivers towards vehicle emission. The survey design that employed a five point Likert scale questionnaire and administered to 402 respondents (drivers) generated the data analysed. Data analysis involved descriptive and regression statistical tools. The results suggest that there was significant association between respondents’ sex, occupation, education and their environmental attitudes. A greater percentage (87. 3%) of the respondents was slightly more likely to agree that emissions from cars and trucks have serious impact on air quality. Majority (57.5%) of the respondents who were civil servants appeared to possess positive (favourable) attitudes towards the influence of emissions on the environment. Logistic regression suggest that respondents’ sex, occupation, education and vehicle’s purpose, income, age and social group significantly predicted their environmental attitudes. The study concludes that most of the sample possessed positive (favourable) environmental attitude towards vehicle emissions. This suggests that the environmental attitude of drivers towards emissions is not responsible for poor air quality. The policy implications of the findings include the need for the adoption of the polluter-pay-principle to reduce the volume of vehicles on our road, the necessity of promoting mass public transportation (such as the BRT and LAGBUS) as a way of reducing vehicle emission. Finally, sensitization program through social groups and schools is imperative.

Penentuan Rute dan Stasiun Transportasi Trem di Kecamatan Somba Opu, Kabupaten Gowa

Based on the general plan for the development of land transportation in 2015-2035, the Indonesian Ministry of Transportation has a direction for the development of urban mass public transportation in order to support movement between centers of activity and the provision of reliable and competitive transportation services. This study aims to identify the most influential factors in the consideration of determining routes and stations, determine potential tram routes, and determine the location of potential tram stations in Somba Opu Subdistrict. This research was carried out from October 2019 until April 2020, located in Somba Opu District, Gowa Regency. This research is a descriptive study, with quantitative and qualitative approaches. The analysis techniques used in this study were expert choice analysis, MAT and spatial analysis (desire line, network analyst, overlay, and grid-based. The results of this study indicate that: 1) The priority factors in determining the route are road network characteristics, community movement patterns, the distribution of activity centers, land use, and population distribution, while in determining the location of the station the priority criteria are close to the location of the generator. , location of attraction, as well as intermodal integration considerations; 2) The tram route of Somba Opu Subdistrict passes arterial and collector roads (Jl. Sultan Hasanuddin - Jl. Andi Mallombasang - Jl. Poros Malino); 3) The potential location to become a station location is the grid which has a value of 86% -100% (very potential). The tram station is located on Jl. Andi Mallombasang, Sungguminasa Village.

Association of High-Speed Rail and Tuberculosis Transmission in Newly Integrated Regions: Quasi-Experimental Evidence from China.

Objectives: The spread of tuberculosis (TB) is related to changes in the social network among the population and people’s social interactions. High-speed railway (HSR) fundamentally changed the integrated market across cities in China. This paper aims to examine the impact of HSR on TB transmission in newly integrated areas. Methods: By exploiting the opening and operation of the first HSR in Sichuan province as a quasi-natural experiment, we have collected and used the economic, social, and demographic data of 183 counties in Sichuan province from 2013 to 2016. Results: The new HSR line is associated with a 4.790 increase in newly diagnosed smear-positive TB cases per 100,000 people among newly integrated areas. On average, an additional increase of 34.178 newly diagnosed smear-positive TB cases occur every year in counties (or districts) covered by the new HSR. Conclusion: HSR development has significantly contributed to the transmission of TB. The public health system in China needs to pay more attention to the influences of new, mass public transportation.

Analisis Kualitas Pelayanan dan Kepercayaan Konsumen Bus Rapid Trans Semarang di masa Pandemi Covid-19

The city of Semarang as the capital city of Central Java Province is included in the category of a metropolitan city because it has a population of more than 1.5 million people, so the level of activity and mobility of the community is increasing. The Semarang City Government through the Semarang City Transportation Service has succeeded in developing the Trans Semarang Rapid Transit Bus as a mass public transportation program that is more comfortable, safe, fast, cheap, and mass in nature. However, in 2020 the Covid-19 pandemic emerged which had a very large impact, even though the number of passengers decreased during the Covid-19 pandemic, the Semarang BRT continued to serve passengers and continue to provide the best service for passengers by implementing health protocols as recommended by the government. The population of this study was BRT Semarang users with a sample of 100 respondents. By using the Kano model approach, the researcher uses 31 service attributes which are composed of service quality, trust, and customer satisfaction variables. From the results of this study, 26 attributes fall into the Attractive category or pleasure attribute (A) and 5 attributes fall into the One dimensional category or the expected attribute (O). so that BRT Semarang must improve the quality of service better by evaluating employee performance and making improvements and improving service strategies, providing safe service quality by implementing health protocols for all consumer characteristics, especially during this Covid-19 pandemic.

Sosialisasi Panduan Penggunaan Transportasi Publik Massal Jabodetabek di Panti Asuhan Darushsholihat Kota Bogor

The population and the high travel needs for Jabodetabek residents, make mass public transportation become important today. There are only two options available, whether using own vehicles or public transportation. The choice of using public transportation is an important thing for the people to do, considering that quite a lot of public transportation has been provided by the government to connect these cities. Mass public transportation available to serve the people of Jakarta and surrounding cities such as Bogor, Depok, Tangerang and Bekasi are Commuter Line, Light Rail Transit (LRT) and Feeder Bus. The government is committed to developing and supporting an integrated transportation system. As a form of higher education concern for the transportation community, it is to carry out advocacy so that people want to use the mass public transportation provided by the Government. Massive and intense socialization to the public about how to use public transportation properly and comfortably continues so that order, comfort and safety in using mass public transportation can be carried out. The socialization was held at the Darushsholihat Orphanage in Bogor City by offline and online. To measure the success of the socialization, the respondents are given a pre-test before the socialization was carried out and a post-test after the socialization was carried out. The results of the socialization indicated an increase in knowledge, understanding and preference for the use of Jabodetabek mass public transportation.

Potensi Pengembangan Kawasan Berbasis Transit Oriented Development di Sekitar Titik Transit Kabupaten Bogor

The high number of commuters in Bogor Regency has triggered the development of settlements at transit areas. In addition, Bogor Regency is also connected to rail-based mass public transportation in the Jabodetabek area which supports the mobility of its population. This study aims to identify the suitability of a transit area to be developed with Transit Oriented Development (TOD) concept. The research location is among the transit areas of two intercity train stations and seven existing urban commuter line train stations in Bogor Regency. Observations focused on the area in a radius of 800 meters from the station which is assessed as the maximum distance a person can walk for 15 minutes. Potential locations are determined by the AHP (Analytical Hierarchy Process) and TOPSIS (Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution) method on several variables that form the ideal TOD. The variables observed include aspects of transportation and aspects of land use which are derived into several indicators. Based on the research, it was found that the most potential area to be developed with the TOD concept is the transit area of Cibinong station, followed by transit areas of Bojonggede station, Citayam station, and Cilebut station. Meanwhile, transit areas of Parung Panjang station and Tenjo station have medium potential, and transit areas Maseng Station and Cigombong Station are not potential.

Analysis of Potential Mass Public Transport Choice Using Geographic Information System (Case Study: Commuter Line Jakarta – Bogor)

Mode choice by travellers is carried out with several considerations. The interesting point is, some public transport users have their private vehicles. No research has described how many travellers can choose the mode and how significant their shift is to mass public transportation. The aim of research was carried out by analysing the potential for selecting mass public transportation by considering the socio-demographic, economic and vehicle ownership characteristics with the variable distance, time and travel costs based on user preferences. According to the special condition, mode choice by rail-based transit mode is called KRL commuter line, bus and private vehicle at Jakarta – Bogor Corridor become research location. Research method of mode choice probability has been developed using Multinomial Logit Model (MLM) by transport cost, time travel and distance variable. A graphical descriptive approach method based on an equation model will then overlay the site to get the results of mode selection pattern using Geographical Information System (GIS). The application of the Transit-Oriented Development (TOD) concept will be more effective if there is a transit-based mass transportation mode such as Rail-based Commuter Line (KRL) as an option, besides travellers also having private vehicles. The Result of this research is described by transport cost, travel distance, and time travel based on the revealed preference survey by 324 respondents. 50% of private car travellers are influenced by trip distance, but probability decreases if time travel increases and they switch to public transport. Users consider choosing a commuter line if the walk distance to the station is about 200 meters. On the other side, increase transport costs makes some travellers choose bus mode.

Dynamic Actor Network Analysis Approach In Management of Mass Public Transport Services

Taking into account the progress of community mobility, increased motorization of private vehicles, congestion, and poor urban transportation services, the Bandung City Government seeks to provide mass public transport services Trans Metro Bandung (TMB). What policies should be established to achieve the successful implementation of the TMB program?. This study aims to provide recommendations to TMB management to achieve the success of services that prioritize reliability, comfort, and humanity. The analysis was carried out on stakeholder opinion using actor analysis method software, namely Dynamic Actor-Network Analysis (DANA). The involvement of all stakeholders is needed to get their views, perceptions, and opinions about the implementation of the TMB program. From the interview processing, the results obtained from the perception diagram and identified 19 different factors in one arena. The factors for reducing traffic congestion and improving services for mass public transport are defined as “goals”. The analysis of relevance and centrality identifies the limitations of infrastructure, facilities, and financing which are the main causes of the problem so that TMB services cannot be implemented optimally. In the strategy analysis, four actions were analyzed. The most ideal solution strategy that has the maximum utility value, the highest satisfaction, and lowest frustration score is the formation of a consortium and socialization.

Does the Mass Public Transport System Cover the Social Transport Needs? Targeting SDG 11.2 in Guadalajara, Mexico

This paper analyses how SITEUR, the Mass Public Transport System (MPTS) in the Guadalajara Metropolitan Area (GMA), covers transport social needs, contributing to achieve Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) 11.2. In order to facilitate this, an Index of Mass Transport Provision (IMTP) was measured through proximity, frequency, and capacity. Then, an Index of Social Transport Needs (ISTN) was calculated by means of transport disadvantage indicators. Finally, the Index of Social Transport Needs Covered (ICSTN) was calculated. The calculations used geographic information systems and principal component analysis in 1834 geographic sections. Findings highlight that 50.3% of the inhabitants have a very high level of social transport needs, while only 6.8% of the population have very low social transport needs. Results show that SITEUR promotes advancement in public transport systems within the GMA relative to quality, security, and reliability and it also contributes to tackling social exclusion in the GMA. A proposal related to transport systems integration is included, to address an important aspect of social exclusion in the city.

Cooperation for Sustainable Development: a University Transport Model

The transportation system generally contributes with the largest share of Greenhouse Gases Emissions (GHG) among economic activities, which includes the high level of gas emissions from the transport system in the GHC Inventory from Higher Education Institutions (HEI). Guided by its socio-environmental agenda, the Pontifical Catholic University of Rio de Janeiro (PUC-Rio), has sought to implement integrated programs to encourage the use of alternative transportation in order to mitigate the impacts of urban mobility on the atmosphere since 2010. Free parking and shower facilities for cyclists, as well as pedestrian friendly sites and limited vehicle parking area inside the campus are some of the welcomed interventions implemented by PUC-Rio. In addition, the institution has collaborated technically with the public authorities to enable the arrival of good quality mass transportation to the University neighborhood. Even facing limited mass public transportation in the surroundings of the main campus, PUC-Rio has implemented a series of transportation initiatives that rely on the commitment and partnership of its community (students, professors and staff), who strongly support new solutions for sustainable development and contribute to the improvement of PUC-Rio transportation performance

Scaling up urban infrastructure for physical activity in the COVID-19 pandemic and beyond

Scaling up urban infrastructure for physical activity in the COVID-19 pandemic and beyond