The research background of this study is based on the phenomenon of children out of school worldwide. In the 21st century when the economy is highly developed, the problem of children out of school still exists. In order to protect children's right to education, it is of great significance to reduce the rate of children out of school. The research theme of this study is "Factors affecting the rate of child dropout from multiple perspectives", and the main research methods are literature analysis, comparative analysis and statistical analysis. The results show that the country's economic level, education expenditure and the proportion of public education investment all have a significant impact on the child dropout rate, and the child dropout rate is significantly correlated with it, while gender has no significant impact on the child dropout rate, and the child dropout rate is higher in poor areas, and the lack of education investment seriously affects the improvement of the level of education development and the popularization of compulsory education. The conclusion of this study is that implementing the compulsory education system and increasing the economic investment in the field of education can reduce the dropout rate of children and protect children's right to education.