Public Housing Developments Research Articles

IMPLEMENTASI PROGRAM PEMBANGUNAN PERUMAHAN RAKYAT DI KABUPATEN BONE BOLANGO

The housing assistance program is a form of housing subsidy in the form of money or direct development which is intended for low-income households as an effort by the government to increase housing resilience and provide social protection to targeted households. The Government of Bone Bolango Regency in order to improve the welfare and equity of development for the people in their area, has implemented a decent housing assistance program for the less fortunate, where it is the government's responsibility to create a just and prosperous society. This study uses a qualitative descriptive method by prioritizing primary data and secondary data, focusing on how the implementation of the public housing development program in Bone Bolango Regency and the factors that influence it. The results of the study show that the public housing development program in Bone Bolango Regency from 2010 - 2018 has been going well and the benefits have been felt directly by the community as the recipients of the policy itself. However, the government must further maximize the public housing development program in 2019 and 2020, because the planned development program has not been fully realized. The supporting and inhibiting factors for policy implementation include communication, resources, attitudes of policy implementers, and bureaucratic structure.

Evaluating the Implementation of Public-Private Partnerships (PPPs) for Housing Provision in Nigeria: A Case Study of Niger State

Public-Private Partnerships (PPPs) is a joint effort by the public and private sector for the financing, development, operation, and or ownership of public housing and infrastructure. The rapid increase in population and urbanization in Nigeria has resulted in a housing deficit of about 17-23 million. Mortgage financing which is the predominant means of funding housing eludes the low income earners due to their inability to access mortgage facilities. This paper evaluated the implementation of Public-Private Partnerships (PPPs) as an option for public housing delivery in Nigeria using Niger State as a case study. Questionnaires were administered to 200 built-environment professionals in public and private sectors in Niger State and interview was conducted with NSPPPA officials on project conception and management. Official reports and guidance documents on PPP implementation for housing were also reviewed. The responses to the questions were categorized into political, project, financial, and environmental factors and the mean score of responses to each question were calculated before calculating the mean score of each category. Political (4.28) and project (4.24) factors were found to have the greatest influence in implementing PPPs in Niger State. Interview and document reviews also revealed that out of eight housing projects conceived under the Niger State PPP program in 2013 only four were implemented. Of the four implemented projects, two were completed while two were delayed due to lack of funds and disagreements between public and private sector partners. The study recommends among others that all stakeholders in Nigeria’s housing sector should work together to realize the goal of PPPs in housing as stated in the New National Housing and Urban Development Policy (NNHUDP) of 2002 and that government should focus more on the provision of housing for the low income earners as they are the most affected by the housing problem in Nigeria.

The Determination of Development Priorities Road Infrastructure at Dinas Pekerjaaan Umum dan Penataan Ruang Kabupaten Balangan Using AHP and Bayes Methods

Dinas Pekerjaan Umum dan Penataan Ruang (PUPR) Kabupaten Balangan is a Regional Government Organization Unit (SOPD) that has the task of assisting the Bupati in administering government affairs in public works, infrastructure, and housing development. In addition, it also formulates, determines, and implements policies in the field of water resources management, road management, housing provision and development of residential areas, infrastructure financing, structuring of buildings, drinking water supply systems, wastewater management systems, and environmental drainage and waste, and construction services construction. Difficulty in determining priorities for infrastructure development on the Dinas Pekerjaan Umum dan Penataan Ruang Kabupaten Balangan, then an Infrastructure Development Priority Analysis system was created to support the construction of roads and bridges on Kabupaten Balangan. To determine the priority development weights using the AHP method and the order of priorities using the Bayes method because it is one of the techniques used to analyze the best decision-making from several alternatives to produce optimal gains. The results of the completed questionnaire get an average yield of 21 (twenty-one) or 87.5% (eighty-seven point five percent). If the average is included in the rating scale, get a VS rating or Very Satisfied. Decision support systems using AHP and Bayes methods can determine the priority of road infrastructure development at Dinas Pekerjaan Umum dan Penataan Ruang Kabupaten Balangan.

Photo-Enhanced Health Promotion Messages to Target Reduction in Dietary Sugar among Residents of Public Housing.

Interventions intended to reduce the consumption of dietary sugars among those population groups demonstrating disproportionately greater and more frequent consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages and foods (SSBF) would benefit from intervention strategies that are tailored to population-specific barriers and facilitators. The objective of this study was to develop and evaluate the acceptability of photo-enhanced and theory-based health promotion messages that target the reduction in SSBF among adult residents of public housing developments, a population known for their high rates of chronic disease. Using the message development tool as a framework, we developed a series of 15 SSBF reduction messages, using an iterative process with community member input. We then evaluated the acceptability of the messages and compared three delivery mechanisms: print, text, and social media. We recruited participants who were residents of urban public housing developments, and who spoke either English or Spanish. A majority of participants identified as being of Hispanic ethnicity (73%). The message acceptability scoring did not appear to differ according to the assigned delivery mechanism, despite some imbalances in participants' characteristics across delivery mechanisms. The messages that targeted motivation were least likely to be accepted. In conclusion, our findings suggest that engaging members of the community at all phases of the development process was a feasible method to develop SSBF reduction messages with a high perceived acceptability.

Recruitment and Enrollment of Low-income, Minority Residents of Urban Public Housing into Research.

Research participation among vulnerable populations is often limited by the same socioeconomic factors that contribute to poor health. Identifying best practices for inclusion is critical to addressing health disparities. Urban public housing communities bear a disproportionate burden of chronic disease and may represent an opportunity to directly engage historically vulnerable populations in research designed to ultimately reduce that burden. We used mixed-method data to analyze recruitment effectiveness among a random sample of households (N = 380) across two public housing developments in Boston, MA who were approached for participation in a pre-COVID oral health study. Quantitative data from detailed recruitment tracking methods was analyzed to assess the relative efficiency of the methods employed. Field journals of study staff were qualitatively analyzed to identify community-specific recruitment barriers and facilitators. The participation rate among randomly sampled households was 28.6% (N = 131), with participation from primarily Hispanic (59.5%) or Black (26%) residents. Door-to-door knocking with response yielded the highest participation (44.8%), followed by responses to informational study flyers (31%). Primary barriers to enrollment included references to unemployment and employment variations, shift work, childcare responsibilities, time demands, and managing multiple appointments and social services. This study finds active, door-to-door knocking and return visits resolved barriers to participation, and reduced safety concerns and historic distrust. It's time to consider how best to adapt effective pre-COVID recruitment practices for utilization under current and future exposure conditions as effective recruitment of populations such as urban public housing residents into research is only becoming more important.

Is mixed-housing development healthier for residents? The implications on the perception of neighborhood environment, sense of place, and mental health in urban Guangzhou

ABSTRACT Although housing tenure mix policy has been widely used in improving the quality of life for low-income populations, it is inconclusive whether it can deliver any mental health benefits for residents. This study explores the implications of housing tenure mix on residents’ mental health through investigating the intermediatory roles of the perception of neighborhood environment and sense of place. With 501 samples from six representative neighborhoods in Guangzhou, we constructed path analysis to test three potential mechanisms: the socioeconomic mechanism, the environment mechanism, and the person-place transactional mechanism. The results revealed that housing tenure mix level was significantly associated with neighborhood socioeconomic attributes and the perception of neighborhood environment, which shaped the sense of place. Dual mental health effects of housing tenure mix were identified: on the one hand, housing tenure mix resulted in income differentiation at the neighborhood level, which impeded individual mental functioning; on the other hand, the housing tenure mix protected residents’ internal well-being via improving the perceived social cohesion and providing a nurturing ground for a sense of place. Different mechanisms function simultaneously on the associations of housing tenure mix with mental health, which should be carefully referred to during the decision-making of public housing development.

Evaluating the efficacy of an online, family-based intervention to promote adolescent sexual health: a study protocol for a randomized controlled trial

BackgroundAdolescents in the U.S. experience significant negative sexual health outcomes, representing a public health priority in the U.S. Research shows that while parents play an influential role in shaping adolescent sexual behavior, surprisingly few programs engage parents in existing programming. Moreover, most efficacious parent-based programs focus on young adolescents, and few utilize delivery mechanisms that facilitate broad reach and scale-up. To address these gaps, we propose to test the efficacy of an online-delivered, parent-based intervention adapted to address both younger and older adolescent sexual risk behavior.MethodsIn this parallel, two-arm, superiority randomized controlled trial (RCT), we propose to evaluate Families Talking Together Plus (FTT+), an adaptation of an existing and efficacious FTT parent-based intervention, in shaping sexual risk behavior among adolescents aged 12–17 and delivered via a teleconferencing application (e.g., Zoom). The study population will include n=750 parent–adolescent dyads recruited from public housing developments in the Bronx, New York. Adolescents will be eligible if they are between the ages of 12 and 17 years of age, self-report as Latino and/or Black, have a parent or primary caregiver, and are South Bronx residents. Parent–adolescent dyads will complete a baseline survey, after which they will be assigned to either the FTT+ intervention condition (n=375) or the passive control condition (n=375) in a 1:1 allocation ratio. Parents and adolescents in each condition will complete follow-up assessments 3 and 9 months post-baseline. The primary outcomes will include sexual debut and ever sex, and the secondary outcomes will include the frequency of sex acts, number of lifetime sexual partners, number of unprotected sex acts, and linkage to health and educational/vocational services in the community. We will utilize intent-to-treat analyses of 9-month outcomes and single degree of freedom contrasts comparing the intervention to the control group for primary and secondary outcomes.DiscussionThe proposed evaluation and analysis of the FTT+ intervention will address gaps in the current cadre of parent-based programs. If efficacious, FTT+ would represent a model for scale-up and adoption of parent-based approaches designed to address adolescent sexual health in the U.S.Trial registrationClinicalTrials.gov NCT04731649. Registered on February 1, 2021.

Health-based homophily in public housing developments

Public housing residents in the United States face disproportionately high risks for disease, presenting an urgent need for interventions. Evidence suggests interventions leveraging social networks can be successful when relationships are homophilous, as this leads to pooling of risk behaviors among interconnected alters. Yet, we know little about networks of public housing residents. To assess the feasibility of network-based interventions, we investigate the incidence of health-based homophily in public housing developments in Boston, Massachusetts. Employing multilevel models (HLM), we find that respondents report their own health characteristics to be similar to their network partners on oral health, weight, and consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages and foods. We discuss the implications of our findings for health-based interventions in low-income communities.

ANALYSIS OF TENDENCY DEVELOPMENT OF ENTERPRISES ISSUES AND THEIR INFLUENCE ON THE FORMATION OF ARCHITECTURAL SPACE

At the current stage, the restaurant industry is one of the most profitable spheres of economic activity in the world. And although historically it is one of the oldest spheres of human activity, it is quite innovative. It should be noted that there is no reference model for the formation of the architectural environment of catering establishments. Changes in the social, economic, and cultural environment affect the restaurant industry. However, this area has its own patterns. The specificity of this type of activity, the insufficient study of ego development trends have significant practical significance.
 In this article, an analysis of the main trends in the development of public housing and their direct influence on the organization of the architectural environment of these objects is carried out. Trying to be competitive, domestic catering enterprises are engaged in the search for new market segments, widely use innovations in the architecture and design of the establishment, high technologies and modern trends. Such trends include the intellectualization of the artificial environment and its acquisition of interactive properties; automation and contactless interaction; environmental friendliness and care for the environment; creation of monoproduct-type food establishments; national style; novelty impressed.
 It is noted that the interior of the dining hall is of great importance when deciding on a catering establishment. It should satisfy the aesthetic needs of visitors, give them new impressions and emotions, carry a meaningful load in accordance with the price segment and concept of the establishment. The methods of functional zoning of the interior space of the dining hall are highlighted: functional, aesthetic, spatial. It is noted that those catering establishments that improve their format according to modern development trends and make a significant bet on novelty are promising. Today, we can note the powerful implementation of the latest technologies in the architectural space, efforts to partially or maximally automate processes, introduce contactless interaction, and give the space intellectualization and interactive properties.

Structural Model for Socially Sustainable Public Housing Decision-Making in Chile.

Normally the social approaches addressed in public housing policies are unclear in the implementation processes. Indeed, public agencies do not have systems that integrate clear social criteria to consider the social assessment of public housing projects. Therefore, the inclusion of social sustainability in planning and early decision-making is limited. In addition, social development technically involves variables that are not normally independent, and its completeness means their relationships must be considered to sum up the impacts. Thus, this work proposes a structural model that explains an integral interrelation of social criteria that determines socially sustainable housing projects for the vulnerable population in Chile. For this, a theoretical model was constructed and validated using a structural equation model (SEM). This system derives from the application of a survey applied to 188 professionals related to the development of public housing. From this, a model of social sustainability of public housing is validated with ten social criteria and eleven unidirectional interrelations, structured in two dimensions: the functional conditions of the home and the environmental conditions of the house. In the first dimension, the relation between the Improvement in family economic availability and Spaces for family development stands out. In the second, the strongest link is between Community health and safety and the Integration of the design in the context.

Manhattan Vision Screening and Follow-up Study (NYC-SIGHT): Baseline Results and Costs of a Cluster-Randomized Trial

To describe the 15-month baseline results and costs of the Manhattan Vision Screening and Follow-up Study, which aims to investigate whether innovative community-based eye health screening can improve early detection and management of glaucoma and other eye diseases among high-risk populations. Five-year prospective, cluster-randomized controlled trial. Individuals aged 40+ years were recruited from public housing buildings in New York City for an eye health screening (visual acuity (VA) with correction, intraocular pressure measurements (IOP), and fundus photography). Participants with VA 20/40 or worse, IOP 23-29 mm Hg, or an unreadable fundus image failed the screening and were scheduled for an optometric examination at the same location; those with an abnormal image were referred to ophthalmology. A cost analysis was conducted alongside the study. A total of 708 participants were screened; mean age 68.6±11.9 years, female (65.1%), African American (51.8%) and Hispanic (42%). 78.4% (n = 555) failed the eye health screening; 35% (n= 250) had an abnormal image and were also referred to ophthalmology. 308 participants attended the optometric exam; 218 were referred to ophthalmology. Overall, 66.1% were referred to ophthalmology. The cost per participant to deliver the eye health screening and optometric examination was $180.88. The cost per case of eye disease detected was $273.64. This innovative study in public housing developments targeted high-risk populations, provided access to eye-care, and improved early detection of ocular diseases in New York City. The study has identified strategies to overcoming barriers to eye care to reduce eye health disparities.

The Development of Political Identity in Public Housing Developments

The Development of Political Identity in Public Housing Developments

Demons of density do higher-density environments put people at greater risk of contagious disease?

We study the relationship between density and COVID during three distinct waves of the pandemic in New York City. Unlike prior work, our analysis uses individual Medicaid claims records, which include a rich array of demographic characteristics and pre-existing medical conditions and cover a near universe of low-income New Yorkers. In brief, our results suggest that living in higher density neighborhoods did not heighten the risk of COVID hospitalization. The size of a multifamily building made little difference either, and people living in public housing developments, which are typically highly dense environments, were less likely to be hospitalized for COVID. However, while neighborhood and building density do not seem to matter, we find significant, positive relationships between COVID hospitalization rates and household size. Specifically, we see that people living in large households or in neighborhoods with high levels of crowding were more likely to be hospitalized for COVID. In other words, our results suggest that crowded living quarters – which can occur at any level of population density – and not density itself, increase the risk of COVID hospitalization. We also see a strong correlation between being unstably housed or living in institutional settings and COVID hospitalizations.

Capacity of Public-Private Collaborations to Incorporate Sustainable Business Models for Housing Development in Sweden: A Resilience Perspective

Moving toward social and ecological sustainable business models requires collaborations in housing development. However, collaborations today between public and private housing developers are often the subject of criticism in terms of their sustainability efforts. One way of moving forward for these collaborations is to consider resilience as a desired property for sustainable business models. Thus, guided by a resilience perspective, semi-structured interviews have been conducted and secondary data has been collected to depict the barriers and enablers for public-private collaborations to move toward resilience and truly sustainable business models. The results reveal that barriers are development costs, knowledge, stepwise processes, and different perspectives, meanwhile enablers are knowledge transfer, trust, clear roles and agendas, win-win, instruments/incentives, and sustainability leadership. To overcome the barriers and leverage the enablers identified, resilience attributes such as knowledge transfer, social capital, space for disturbance, diverse forms of governance, and knowledge about sustainability need to be understood and applied to achieve sustainable business models in public-private collaborations.

Diagonal corner cracks of slabs at end units of apartment buildings in Singapore

Frequent reports about the occurrence of diagonal corner cracks of slabs at end units of public housing buildings were received before 1985. A forensic study was undertaken in 1985 to identify the causes of such cracks and the necessary measures to eliminate such cracks in all future public housing developments. The methodology of the study adopted was to carry out a detailed investigation of the cracks reported in five public housing buildings in different new towns all over Singapore. Schematic sketches and/or crack widths of such cracks at each dwelling units are reported for each of the case studies. The causes of such cracks were a combination of design and construction issues. After the implementation of remedial measures, the occurrence of diagonal corner cracks of slabs at end units of the newly constructed public housing buildings became significantly less common.

Pecuniary effects of public housing demolitions: Evidence from Chicago

This paper studies the effects of public housing on private house prices. I examine the impact of a large and negative housing supply shock caused by the demolition of public housing developments in Chicago in the 1990s and 2000s. By comparing census tracts near demolitions to a synthetic control composed of tracts in distant parts of the city, I estimate that house prices increased by up to 20 percent over a ten-year period in census tracts near the demolitions. I provide evidence of similar long-run rent increases and show that households living in these areas after demolitions are higher-income and less likely to be black than previous residents. A calibration exercise indicates that reduced housing supply can fully explain the observed price changes under some assumptions, although the wide range of estimates and the demographic effects of demolitions suggest that demand factors may have also contributed to price increases.

3D-VR Based Color Design Method for Interior Space in Iot Applications

Virtual reality technology has grown in popularity as the economy and society have changed dramatically, and it is now being used in a wide range of applications. Interactive virtual technology’s deployment in the field of art has a wide range of possibilities due to its interaction, immersion, and real-time capabilities. The advantages of this technology, extremely in interiors and design, are unrivalled by other technologies. Virtual reality interior design can help designers and consumers understand the influence of “what you see is what you get,” while also expecting people to feel the visual concept in the 3D content of this model. The research and studies of interior decoration are conducted in this paper using visually stunning virtual reality technology, with the viewing public housing developments as the research object, creating a conceptual framework for successful research and innovation of interior design assisted by visually stunning Virtual reality (VR) technology. In this paper we applied the reliability to check the accuracy of questionnaire and descriptive statistics which summarises all the data.

Concentrated incarceration and the public-housing-to-prison pipeline in New York City neighborhoods

Using public housing developments as a strategic site, our research documents a distinct pathway linking disadvantaged context to incarceration-the public-housing-to-prison pipeline. Focusing on New York City Housing Authority (NYCHA) housing developments as a case study, we find that incarceration rates in NYCHA tracts are 4.6 times higher than those in non-NYCHA tracts. More strikingly, 94% of NYCHA tracts report rates above the median value for non-NYCHA tracts. Moreover, 17% of New York State's incarcerated population originated from just 372 NYCHA tracts. Compared with non-NYCHA tracts, NYCHA tracts had higher shares of Black residents and were significantly more disadvantaged. This NYCHA disadvantage in concentrated incarceration is also robust at different spatial scales. Our findings have implications for policies and programs to disrupt community-based pipelines to prison.

Can deterrence persist? Long‐term evidence from a randomized experiment in street lighting

AbstractResearch summaryFor centuries and even millenia, street lighting has been among the most ubiquitous capital investments that societies have made in public safety. Recent research by Chalfin et al. (2021)—the first randomized experiment that studies the effect of street lighting on public safety—demonstrated that a tactical street lighting intervention in New York City's public housing developments led to a 36% reduction in serious criminal activity during nighttime hours in the 6 months after the new lights were rolled out. But do the effects endure? In this study, we examine the longer‐term effects of the same street lighting intervention using 3 years of outcome data. We show that the effects of the lighting intervention persist over time. Critically, the intervention reduced crime without eventually leading to a larger number of arrests.Policy implicationsAs street lighting requires a large up‐front capital investment, the attractiveness of enhanced lighting to policy makers depends critically on whether its public safety benefits will be long lasting. These findings provide some assurance that the impact of street lighting can endure beyond their initial installation. Because the lighting intervention reduced crime without increasing the number of arrests, it did not reduce crime by widening the net of the criminal justice system.

Analisis Sistem Penjualan Kredit Pada Perum Perumnas Project Sukaramai Sentraland Medan

The purpose of this study was to analyze the credit sales system at Perum Perumnas Sentraland Medan and to find out how the performance of Perum Perumnas Sentraland Medan in implementing the credit sales system. In this study, data were collected using direct survey techniques to the field or on the object of research using interviews and documentation. The results of this study are 1. Perum Perumnas Sentraland Medan Project Sukaramai is one of the state-owned enterprises engaged in the development of public housing. 2. Perum Perumnas in its credit sales system involves the bank as a third party in the process of selling KPA-Bank credit. 3. Overall, the implementation of the credit sales system at Perum Perumnas Sentraland Medan is quite good