Public Hospital In Peru Research Articles

Risk Factors Associated With Cholelithiasis in A Public Hospital in Peru

Objective: To determine the risk factors associated with cholelithiasis in a public hospital in Peru. Theoretical Framework: Cholelithiasis is currently the main risk factor for developing cholecystitis. Method: Descriptive, analytical, quantitative study with a sample of 83 postoperative patients with cholelithiasis and its complications, obtained retrospectively from December 2019 to June 2020. A data collection form was used, and the KR-20 Kuder-Richardson coefficient was applied to assess reliability. Information was collected from the patients' medical records. Results and Conclusions: The study revealed a significant association between the most frequent risk factors for cholelithiasis, such as age, weight loss > 10 kg, and alcohol consumption. Originality/Value: Cholelithiasis is currently the leading reason for consultations related to biliary tract pathology. The results report non-modifiable risk factors (female sex), overweight (20 cases), and obesity (30 cases), according to BMI, which represents a high percentage of elevated BMI at 60.2%.

Pregnancy and pre-term delivery in a peritoneal dialysis patient in a public hospital in Peru. Case report

Pregnancy and pre-term delivery in a peritoneal dialysis patient in a public hospital in Peru. Case report

Hyperglycemia as a predictor of mortality in adult patients with COVID-19 hospitalized in a public hospital in Peru

ObjectiveTo investigate the association between glycemic levels and mortality in patients without diabetes hospitalized for COVID-19 in Perú. MethodsIn a retrospective study conducted from April to June 2020 in Cayetano Heredia hospital, 529 patients were admitted with a positive SARS-CoV-2 laboratory result or a computed tomography chest scan with suggestive images of COVID-19 pneumonia. Patients were classified into three groups according to their first blood glucose measure. Group 1: glucose level lower than 100 mg/dL; Group 2: glucose level between 100 mg/dL and 126 mg/dL, and Group 3: glucose level over 126 mg/dL. Demographical characteristics, concomitant diseases, laboratory data, and treatment received during hospitalization were also described. Regression-adjusted models were used to analyze association of interest. ResultsThe number of patients who met inclusion criteria was 289. Mortality occurred in 137 cases (47 %). Group 1, group 2 and group 3 had 29/77 (38 %), 58/120 (48 %), and 50/92 (54 %) mortality/severe cases, respectively. After all available confounding factors were adjusted, the group of patients with blood glucose levels over 126 mg/dL had a 73 % increased mortality hazard compared to the ones lower than 100 mg/dL (aHR: 1.73 [95%CI: 1.05–2.84]; p = 0.032). ConclusionHyperglycemia (≥ 126 mg/dL) at baseline in patients without a previous history of diabetes is associated with mortality in admitted patients with COVID-19. Routine laboratory testing should never miss a baseline measure of glycemia as this allows for timely blood glucose management, thereby minimizing its negative impact on COVID-19 patients' outcomes.

Barriers to access to health care according to Peruvian-Venezuelan nationality in postpartum women in a public hospital in Peru.

Objective: Analyze the barriers to access to health care according to Peruvian - Venezuelan nationality in postpartum women in a Public Hospital of Peru 2022 – 2023. Methods: Observational, analytical, prospective and cross-sectional study; included a sample of 284 postpartum women of Peruvian and Venezuelan nationality, from the San Juan de Lurigancho Hospital, selected by stratified sampling. The data collection technique was a survey and the instrument was a valid and reliable questionnaire. Pearson’s chi-square or Fisher’s exact test was used to determine the difference. The association was assessed using the Poisson regression test and the sense of regression using the crude and adjusted prevalence ratio. Results: 87,3 % of postpartum women were Peruvian and 12,7 % Venezuelan. The most frequent barriers to access to health care in Peruvians were availability: not having all the services necessary for care (p < 0,001) and acceptability: feeling that their beliefs or customs were affected (p < 0,001). Venezuelan postpartum women reported as barriers to acceptability: having received different treatment for being a migrant (p < 0,001) and having felt discrimination during care (p = 0,007). Conclusions: There is a significant difference in the barriers to access to health care in postpartum women, with availability and acceptability barriers occurring in Peruvian women and the latter in Venezuelan women.

Ablacion por radiofrecuencia de nódulos tiroideos; a propósito de un caso exitoso en un hospital público en Perú.

The results are presented, suggesting the viability of radiofrequency ablation (RFA) as an effective therapeutic strategy in the case of a 56-year-old woman with a benign thyroid nodule instead of traditional surgery at a Public Hospital in Peru. The 6-month follow-up revealed a significant reduction in the size of the nodule and a 70% reduction in volume; in addition to improved quality of life, symptom improvement, and normal thyroid function. This case highlights the evolution in the treatment of benign thyroid nodules, with RFA as a possible minimally invasive and safe option, offering a promising alternative to conventional surgical interventions for the management of thyroid nodules, marking a significant change in clinical practice. This is because it is the first hospital of the MINSA (Ministry of Health) to perform such procedures, offering multiple treatment approaches for thyroid nodules: RFA, transoral endoscopic thyroidectomy, conventional thyroidectomy, and active surveillance.

Ablacion por radiofrecuencia de nódulos tiroideos; a propósito de un caso exitoso en un hospital público en Perú.

The results are presented, suggesting the viability of radiofrequency ablation (RFA) as an effective therapeutic strategy in the case of a 56-year-old woman with a benign thyroid nodule instead of traditional surgery at a Public Hospital in Peru. The 6-month follow-up revealed a significant reduction in the size of the nodule and a 70% reduction in volume; in addition to improved quality of life, symptom improvement, and normal thyroid function. This case highlights the evolution in the treatment of benign thyroid nodules, with RFA as a possible minimally invasive and safe option, offering a promising alternative to conventional surgical interventions for the management of thyroid nodules, marking a significant change in clinical practice. This is because it is the first hospital of the MINSA (Ministry of Health) to perform such procedures, offering multiple treatment approaches for thyroid nodules: RFA, transoral endoscopic thyroidectomy, conventional thyroidectomy, and active surveillance.

Características de los casos de óbito fetal en un hospital público de Perú: estudio descriptivo

Objective: To describe the characteristics of fetal death cases reported between 2017 and 2021 in a public hospital in Peru. Methods: Descriptive and cross-sectional study, which was conducted in confirmed cases of fetal death in mothers with gestational age greater than 22 weeks presented at the Vitarte Hospital in Lima, Peru. The sample consisted of 137 cases during the period from 2017 to 2021. Frequencies and percentages were presented. Results: Fetal death had a rate of 14,8 per 1000 live births. Most of the women were between 20 and 24 years old (27%), in addition, 70,1% were cohabiting, 92% were housewives and 83,2% studied up to high school. On the other hand, 50,4% were multigestational and 29,9% had a history of abortion and 16,7% had a history of cesarean section. Prenatal service attendance was the most frequent (67,2%) and 29,2% were overweight. Regarding maternal pathologies, 38% had urinary tract infection, 17,5% had preeclampsia without signs of safety and 2,9% had gestational diabetes. Congenital malformations were present in 19% of cases; in addition, 23,4% of fetal deaths had a maternal cause. Conclusions: The rate of fetal death is high. The cases were characterized mostly by mothers with qualities of social vulnerability, in addition to presenting characteristics of higher obstetric risk. Maternal causes of fetal death were the most frequent. Keywords: Fetal death, pregnancy, delivery, risk factors.

Complicaciones del embarazo en pacientes con ganancia excesiva de peso gestacional en un hospital público peruano

Objective: TTo determine the demographic and clinical characteristics, of pregnant women with excessive gestational weight gain. And determine their relationship with maternal complications. Methods: Analytical, retrospective study. Full-term pregnant women, older than 18 years and with single live fetuses, with legible clinical history and prenatal care card with first and last check-up, treated at a public hospital in Peru between January - June 2022, were included. Patients with mental problems and those with fetuses with malformations, were excluded. The variables measured were: sociodemographic characteristics, obstetric, gestational weight gain, and maternal complications. Excess gestational weight was defined using pre-pregnancy body mass index, difference in weight between the first and last prenatal check-up, and Institute of Medicine guidelines. A descriptive analysis was made and to recognize the relationship between excessive gestational weight and maternal results, the X2 test was used. The National University of San Agustín Institutional Research Ethics Committee granted approval of the study. Results: We included 1021 pregnant women in the study. Of these, 49.0% had excessive gestational weight. 43.0% of overweight patients had maternal complications. A relationship was found between excessive weight gain in pregnancy and gestational diabetes. Conclusions: Patients with excessive weight gain in pregnancy were more likely to have gestational diabetes. Keywords: Body mass index, Gestational weight gain, Pregnancy complications, Gestational diabetes, Peru.

Diseño de un sistema de gestión de riesgos ocupacionales en el personal de enfermería de la Central de Esterilización de un hospital público de Perú

This article is prepared with the purpose of presenting a proposal for an occupational risk management system for the nursing staff of the sterilization center of a public hospital in Peru, which will help control the dangers that are affecting the staff. . from the sterilization center; This proposal was prepared based on the occupational risks found in the research called: “Evaluation of occupational risks in the staff of the sterilization center of the Lambayeque Regional Hospital - 2021”. For which, specific actions are specified to solve the risks, this includes: organization, responsibilities, planning of activities, practices, procedures and resources to be developed, policies to prevent risks. An IPERC risk matrix and a risk map were prepared which must be placed in a visible place. Likewise, procedure guides, an internal SST regulation, accident reporting and risk control records, a risk control monitoring plan, occupational risk indicators, among others, were prepared. An occupational risk management system was developed for the nursing staff of the sterilization center of a public hospital in Peru.

Challenging Management of an Acute Traumatic Carotid-Cavernous Fistula in a 2-Year-Old Child with Literature Review

AbstractTraumatic carotid-cavernous fistula (TCCF) is a rare occurrence in the pediatric population. However, the neurological sequelae of TCCF are associated with higher morbidity and mortality in pediatric patients. We report the case of a 2-year-old child with TCCF treated at a public hospital in Peru. The etiology of the injury was due to a fall of approximately 5 meters. The diagnosis was made based on the clinical picture and neuroimaging findings. The initial proposed treatment was performed with the hope of preserving the parent artery; however, due to persistence of the TCCF, embolization of the parent artery with coils and embolizing substance was performed. A literature review of similar cases was performed and identified eight cases in children under 10 years of age. Endovascular management of an acute TCCF is a challenge due to the high morbidity and mortality during the acute phase and can be complicated when other traumatic injuries are present. Maintaining the parent artery is important; however, when this is not possible, trapping the parent artery may provide an alternate option when appropriate collaterals exist.

Mental health impacts of nurses caring for patients with COVID-19 in Peru: Fear of contagion, generalized anxiety, and physical-cognitive fatigue.

The health crisis caused by COVID-19 has resulted in the physical and emotional deterioration of health personnel, especially nurses, whose emotional state is affected by the high risk of contagion, the high demands of health services, and the exhausting working hours. The objective of this research was to determine the relationship between fear, anxiety, and fatigue of nurses caring for patients with COVID-19 in a second level public hospital in Peru. This study presents a quantitative approach and correlational level, cross-sectional, and non-experimental design. The sample consisted of 145 nurses who attended patients with COVID-19 in health care areas. The results show a significant relationship between fear of contagion and physical-cognitive fatigue (p < 0.001; r = 317) and a significant relationship between generalized anxiety and physical-cognitive fatigue (p < 0.001; r = 480). It is concluded that in this context, both fear of contagion and generalized anxiety are related to physical-cognitive fatigue.

Image-Guided Radiation Therapy for Squamous Cell Cancer of the Head and Neck in a Specialized Peruvian Public Hospital.

Squamous cell cancer of the head and neck (SCCHN) often requires adjuvant radiotherapy. Radiotherapy for SCCHN is a challenge because the head and neck contain several critical organs that should receive minimal doses of radiation. These organs include the eyes, parotid glands, brainstem, spinal cord, mandible, and thyroid gland. Approaches like image-guided radiotherapy (IGRT) combined with volumetric modulated arc therapy hold the promise to focus radiation to the planning target volume and spare nearby structures while observing potential changes to patient anatomy during treatment to determine whether replanning is required. IGRT, however, requires the frequent imaging of patients to update the treatment plan. In this retrospective study, we present our findings of SCCHN patients treated in a public hospital in Peru. The patients reflected overall demographic trends associated with SCCHN. Each patient was imaged using computed tomography once before radiotherapy and once by cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) during treatment, for a total of two images. Tumor displacement, planning target volume, gross tumor volume, and neck diameter were compared between the two images. Among the measurements, only a small statistically significant increase in gross tumor volume was observed between the images. However, a minority of patients did experience changes to anatomy, which highlights the need for continued research into criteria to determine which patients are likely to benefit from treatment replanning due to intra-treatment anatomical changes. Alternatively, a lack of frequent CBCT imaging before each session, due to high patient flows and limited staff resources, made it difficult to observe transient changes and trends in each patient. We conclude that the treatment and outcome improvements associated with IGRT are likely associated with frequent imaging during radiotherapy and properly selecting which patients will benefit most from this resource-intensive technique.

Serum Uric Acid Is Associated with Metabolic Syndrome and Insulin Resistance among Health Personnel from Peru.

We explored the association between serum uric acid (SUA) and metabolic syndrome (MetS) and insulin resistance (IR) among health personnel from a public hospital in Peru in a cross-sectional study with data from the Plan for the Prevention and Surveillance of Communicable and Noncommunicable Diseases of Huaycán Hospital. MetS was defined according to Latin American Diabetes Association (ALAD) criteria and IR with surrogate IR markers, triglyceride-to-HDL-C ratio (TG/HDL-C), and triglyceride-to-glucose index (TyG). The association between SUA and MetS and IR was determined using Poisson regression models in a sample of 292 participants with an average age of 46.2 ± 10.6 years. The total prevalence of MetS was 38%, and the individuals with MetS presented mainly alterations in anthropometric parameters (obesity and body fat). Finally, the adjusted regression models showed that women with SUA in the highest tertile increased the prevalence of MetS (PR: 1.71, 95% CI: 1.07–2.74) compared to the lowest tertile of SUA in women, while SUA increased hypertriglyceridemia and IR (TG/HDL-C and TyG) in both sexes. We concluded that SUA is strongly associated with MetS in women, and SUA increases hypertriglyceridemia and IR in both sexes. On the contrary, more research is required regarding the female population.

Quality Improvement to Address Surgical Burden of Disease at a Large Tertiary Public Hospital in Peru.

In resource-limited settings, there is a unique opportunity for using process improvement strategies to address the lack of access to surgical care. By implementing organizational changes in the surgical admission process, we aimed to decrease wait times, increase surgical volume, and improve patient satisfaction for elective general surgery procedures at a public tertiary hospital in Lima, Peru. During the first phase of the intervention, Plan-Do-Study-Act (PDSA) cycles were performed to ensure the surgery waitlist included up-to-date clinical information. In the second phase, Lean Six Sigma methodology was used to adapt the admission and scheduling process for elective general surgery patients. After six months, outcomes were compared to baseline data using Wilcoxon rank-sum test. At the conclusion of phase one, 87.0% (488/561) of patients on the new waitlist had all relevant clinical data documented, improved from 13.3% (2/15) for the pre-existing list. Time from admission to discharge for all surgeries improved from 5 to 4days (p<0.05) after the intervention. Median wait times from admission to operation for elective surgeries were unchanged at 4days (p=0.076) pre- and post-intervention. There was a trend toward increased weekly elective surgical volume from a median of 9 to 13 cases (p=0.24) and increased patient satisfaction rates for elective surgery from 80.5 to 83.8% (p=0.62), although these were not statistically significant. The process for scheduling and admitting elective surgical patients became more efficient after our intervention. Time from admission to discharge for all surgical patients improved significantly. Other measured outcomes improved, though not with statistical significance. Main challenges included gaining buy-in from all participants and disruptions in surgical services from bed shortages.

A mHealth intervention to promote hand-washing and cell phone cleaning in medical residents of a public hospital in Peru.

We explore the limitations to adherence of hand-washing and evaluate the impact of a mHealth intervention for hand hygiene in residents. We explore resident's perspectives about Hospital-acquired infections (HAI) and hand washing. In baseline, participants completed socio-demographic characteristics and hand-washing habits survey. The intervention consisted of sending SMS three times a week for two months about hand hygiene and "five moments" for hand washing. The cultures of hands and cell phones were analyzed at baseline, 2 months and 4 months. We used chi-square and adjusted Generalized Estimating Equations. Five physicians were interviewed and 33 participants were included for quantitative analysis. Critical barriers that hinder hand washing were identified. The proportion of Staphylococcus aureus in hands was 54.5% at baseline and was significantly reduced at 2 months follow-up (p = 0.009), but, benefit was lost when the intervention was discontinued; Escherichia coli and Klebsiella sp. were observed in 22.2% of hands, no changes were noted with intervention. In cell phones, there was a tendency to lower values of bacterial colonization after intervention for Staphylococcus aureus growth. High prevalence of contamination in hands and phones in medical residents were found. Serious barriers to compliance with hand washing must be overcome. It is possible that prolonged or continuous interventions could be necessary to optimize hand washing and reduce hand and cell phones contamination.

Quality of life and self-efficacy in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in a Peruvian public hospital.

Quality of life and self-efficacy assessments are increasingly applied in research with type 2 diabetes mellitus patients due to the impact of the disease on their lives. This study aimed to describe the quality of life and self-efficacy in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients and describe the association of quality of life and self-efficacy with demographic, metabolic, and clinical variables. This is a secondary data analysis from a cross-sectional study: Metabolic control in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in a public hospital in Peru: a cross-sectional study in a low-middle income country. Data were obtained by standardized interviews and evaluation of medical records. The evaluation tools used were the Diabetes 39 questionnaire (D-39) to measure the quality of life and the General Self-Efficacy scale (GSE) for self-efficacy. The median scores of the D-39 and GSE were 34.6 and 34, respectively. The D-39 dimension with the highest score was anxiety and concern. Better quality of life was associated with being older than 65 years old, not having complications, and the absence of depression. No significant association was found between self-efficacy and the quality of life score. Results suggest patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus have a poor quality of life. Patient-centered strategies for type 2 diabetes mellitus care must consider these psychosocial factors to improve disease control and quality of life.

Association of Serum Uric Acid and Metabolic Syndrome Among Health Personnel from a Public Hospital in Peru

Background and aims: This study explored the association between SUA and MetS among health personnel from a public hospital in Peru. Methods: We performed an analytical cross- sectional study. We analyzed data from the Plan for Prevention and Surveillance of Communicable and Non-Communicable Diseases in the Workers of the Hospital de Huaycán 2019. Sociodemographic, anthropometric, and clinical laboratory data was retrieved. Metabolic syndrome was defined according to ALAD criteria. The association between SUA and MetS was determined using Poisson regression models with robust variance. Results: A sample of 292 health personnel were analyzed, mean age was 46.2 ± 10.6 years, and 69.2% (n=202) were women. The prevalence of MetS was 38%. After adjustment by confounding variables, women with levels of SUA in the high tertile had a 71% higher prevalence of MetS compared to those with levels of SUA in the lower tertile, and this association was statistically significant (aRP:1.71, 95%CI: 1.07 – 2.74). Conclusions: SUA was found to be associated with MetS in health personnel at a public hospital from Peru. After adjusting for confounders, the association was found to be stronger in women than in the overall population. Prospective studies are required to corroborate the results found.

Frecuencia de depresión e incontinencia urinaria en pacientes de una institución de alta complejidad en Callao, Perú

Introducción: El objetivo fue explorar la frecuencia y asociación entre la presencia de síntomas depresivos con la existencia de síntomas sugestivos de incontinencia urinaria en un grupo de mujeres atendidas en un hospital público del Perú. Material y Métodos: Estudio transversal realizado en mujeres con Seguro Integral de Salud que acudieron al consultorio de ginecología del hospital público de alta complejidad Hospital Nacional Daniel Alcides Carrión durante noviembre y diciembre del 2018. Se calculó una muestra con Epidat versión 3.1 y se seleccionó a las participantes por conveniencia. Las principales variables de interés fueron incontinencia urinaria y depresión, ambas medidas mediante instrumentos de medición validados: ICIQ-SF y escala de autoevaluación para la depresión de Zung, respectivamente. Para explorar la asociación se usó exacta de Fisher y Kruskall-Wallis. Resultados: Se estudió a 186 mujeres con edades entre 40 y 60 años. Un total de 176 mujeres (94,6 %) se definieron como incontinentes y 183 con depresión (98,4 %). No se encontró asociación entre los síntomas depresivos con los síntomas sugestivos de incontinencia urinaria (p&gt;0,05), pero sí en el grado de síntomas depresivos con el puntaje de incontinencia (p=0,0001). Conclusiones: Una proporción considerable de mujeres padece de síntomas depresivos y de incontinencia urinaria. Por otra para, parece existir una posible asociación entre los puntajes de incontinencia urinaria y la severidad de los síntomas depresivos. Se requieren más estudios que exploren esta posible asociación para dilucidar el impacto potencial que la incontinencia urinaria posee sobre el estado anímico de las mujeres en Perú.

Family Support and Diabetes: Patient's Experiences From a Public Hospital in Peru.

Family support is crucial for managing chronic conditions but it is often overlooked when designing behavioral interventions in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). As part of the formative phase of a feasibility randomized control trial (RCT), we conducted 20 semistructured interviews with people with T2DM from Lima, Peru. Based on such results, we describe the support people with T2DM receive from their families and the role that such support has in their efforts to implement diabetes management practices. We learned that participants receive support from family members, but mostly from their spouses and children. Their relatives encourage them and motivate them to fight for their health, they also provide instrumental support by preparing healthy meals, reminding them to take medications, and sharing physical activity. Participants also reported controlling actions which were not always “well received.” Thus, any intervention supporting self-management practices need to work with key family members. We support the literature that suggests that interventions should target family members to ensure improved T2DM self-management practices.

Infecciones oportunistas post inicio de tratamiento antirretroviral en pacientes con VIH/SIDA en un hospital público de Perú

Introducción: El Tratamiento antirretroviral (TAR) suprime la replicación viral del VIH aun así ocurre las infecciones oportunistas (IOs) post inicio del TAR. Objetivo: Identificar y comparar las infecciones oportunistas (IOs) en pacientes con infección por VIH/SIDA que inician TAR en un hospital público de Perú. Materiales y métodos: Se realizó un estudio observacional de cohorte prospectivo de 8 años de seguimiento a los pacientes con infección por VIH/SIDA que iniciaron TAR. Resultados: De 427 pacientes estudiados, 111 (26%) presentaron por lo menos una infección oportunista. Los pacientes que presentaron IOs tuvieron una media de CD4: 107,5 células /ml, mientras que este conteo fue más alto en los pacientes sin coinfección (p&lt;0,01), la carga viral no está relacionada con la presencia de IOs (p = 0,48). Las infecciones más frecuentes fueron: tuberculosis (43,2%), diarrea crónica (29,7%), candidiasis (10,8%), toxoplasmosis, citomegalovirus (4,5%) y Pneumocistosis (3,6%). Conclusiones: A pesar de los avances en el manejo de la infección por VIH/SIDA, las IOs continúan siendo la principal causa de hospitalización y la tuberculosis es el factor más importante asociado a mortalidad.