Public Health Policies In Brazil Research Articles

The puerperium in public health policies in Brazil: health needs of women?

The puerperium in public health policies in Brazil: health needs of women?

Prevalence and risk factors for stroke in a population of Southern Brazil

Stroke is the leading cause of death in many countries of Latin America. Population studies are necessary in this region. To evaluate the prevalence of stroke and its risk factors in a population of vulnerable communities of southern Brazil. Population-based crosssectional study with systematic sampling. Individuals aged 20 and over were included (n=3,391). Individuals with previous diagnosis of stroke or identified by a validate stroke questionnaire were compared with those without stroke in many variables. 285 individuals (8.4%) had previous stroke. The group without stroke showed greater average of years of study than the group with stroke (p<0.001). Multivariable analysis identified as risk factors for stroke (p<0.05): age from 40 to 59, age from 60 to 79, widowhood, present smoking, previous smoking, hypertension and ischemic heart disease. The findings in this population indicate the need of preventive cost-effective public health policies in Brazil.

Promotion of health and human functionality

Resumen en: For the development of public health policies in Brazil, two aspects should be taken into consideration, namely, the demographic transition and the epid...

Congenital Toxoplasmosis: Current Brazilian public health policy

Event Abstract Back to Event Congenital Toxoplasmosis: Current Brazilian public health policy Rogerio S. Vaz1* 1 Complexo Pequeno Principe, Brazil Toxoplasmosis is caused by the protozoan parasite, Toxoplasma gondii. In pregnant women, the prenatal diagnosis should be made as early as possible, so that therapy may be applied to reduce parasitemia and avoid transplacental infection. Despite the high prevalence of infected individuals around the world (20-90%) in Brazil, seroprevalence may vary between 40% and > 80%, reflecting a significant disparity between the public health policies and resources applied in the different regions of the country and the human development index (HDI) of each of them. The lack of consistent and periodical data on seroprevalence per region makes it difficult to understand the significance of this infection and to plan specific public health policies and strategies. Regarding basic and clinical research, toxoplasmosis is not a priority if compared to the allocation of government funds and incentives to other tropical illnesses, such as: Chagas disease, Leishmaniasis, Dengue fever. There are also few study groups in Brazil that focus in this basic area, for genomics and proteomics studies of T. gondii strains-for the design of new methods of diagnosis, antiparasitic drugs and a vaccine model for humans and animals. This study highlights, taxonomic and epidemiologic aspects, diagnosis methods, treatment and technical-scientific aspects of Toxoplasma gondii and toxoplasmosis in the Brazilian context. References Castilho-Pelloso, M.; Falavigna, D. L. M; Falavigna-Guilherme, A. L. (2007) Suspected acute toxoplasmosis in pregnant women. Rev Saúde Pública., 41(1):27-34. Lopez, A, Dietz VJ, Wilson M, Navin TR, Jones J. L. Preventing Congenital Toxoplasmosis. M M W R–Recommendations and Reports. v. 49, (RR02), p. 57-75, 2000. Martins-Duarte, E. S.; Lemgruber, L.; Souza, W.; Vommaro, R. C. (2010) Toxoplasma gondii: Fluconazole and itraconazole activity against toxoplasmosis in a murine model. Experimental Parasitology 124, P. 466-469. Martins-Duarte, E. S.; Lemgrubera, L.; Lorente, S. O.; Gros, L.; Magaraci, F.; Ian H. Gilbert, Wanderley de Souzaa, Rossiane C. Vommaroa. (2011) Evaluation of three novel azasterols against Toxoplasma gondii. Veterinary Parasitology 177 p.157-161. Neto, C.N.; Amorim, F.; Lago, E. G. (2010) Estimation of the regional distribution of congenital toxoplasmosis in Brazil from the results of neonatal screening. Sci. Med, v. 20, n.1, p. 64-70. Spalding, S. M.; Amendoeira, M. R. R.; Ribeiro, L. C.; Silveira, C.; Garcia, A. P. E Camillo-Coura, L. Estudo prospectivo de gestantes e seus bebês com risco de transmissão de congenital toxoplasmosis em município do Rio Grande do Sul. Rev da Soc Bras de Med Trop. v. 36, n. 4, p. 483-491, 2003. Vaz et al. Technical evaluation of serological screening tests for anti-Toxoplasma gondii Antibodies to prevent unnecessary transfusion risks. Rev Bras Hematol Hemoter. 2008; v. 30, 277-280 Vaz et al., 2010. Serological prevalence of Toxoplasma gondii antibodies in pregnant womenFrom Southern Brazil. Parasitol Res (2010) 106:661-665. Vaz, R. S. Diagnóstico sorológico, isolamento e caracterização molecular de Toxoplasma gondii (Nicole & Manceaux, 1909) em mulheres gestantes atendidas pelo serviço público na cidade de Curitiba. (SERODIAGNOSTIC, ISOLATION AND MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION OF Toxoplasma gondii IN PREGNANT WOMEN ATTENDED BY PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICES IN THE CITY OF CURITIBA. http://www.ppgbiotec. ufpr.br/tes_teses.php Tese: Doutorado–Universidade Federal do Paraná. Setor Tecnológico. Pósgraduação em Processos Biotecnológicos. 2006 Keywords: seroepidemiology, Toxoplasmosis, Public Health, Pregnancy, Risk factors Conference: 15th International Congress of Immunology (ICI), Milan, Italy, 22 Aug - 27 Aug, 2013. Presentation Type: Abstract Topic: Host-pathogen interactions Citation: Vaz RS (2013). Congenital Toxoplasmosis: Current Brazilian public health policy. Front. Immunol. Conference Abstract: 15th International Congress of Immunology (ICI). doi: 10.3389/conf.fimmu.2013.02.00428 Copyright: The abstracts in this collection have not been subject to any Frontiers peer review or checks, and are not endorsed by Frontiers. They are made available through the Frontiers publishing platform as a service to conference organizers and presenters. The copyright in the individual abstracts is owned by the author of each abstract or his/her employer unless otherwise stated. Each abstract, as well as the collection of abstracts, are published under a Creative Commons CC-BY 4.0 (attribution) licence (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) and may thus be reproduced, translated, adapted and be the subject of derivative works provided the authors and Frontiers are attributed. For Frontiers’ terms and conditions please see https://www.frontiersin.org/legal/terms-and-conditions. Received: 31 Mar 2013; Published Online: 22 Aug 2013. * Correspondence: Dr. Rogerio S Vaz, Complexo Pequeno Principe, Curitiba, Paraná, 80230-020, Brazil, rogerio.vaz@fpp.edu.br Login Required This action requires you to be registered with Frontiers and logged in. To register or login click here. Abstract Info Abstract The Authors in Frontiers Rogerio S Vaz Google Rogerio S Vaz Google Scholar Rogerio S Vaz PubMed Rogerio S Vaz Related Article in Frontiers Google Scholar PubMed Abstract Close Back to top Javascript is disabled. 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El vivir de las mujeres en el climaterio: revisión sistemática de la literatura

Life expectancy of over 60 years for 2020 reveals that an important nunber of women will experience the menopause, and this requires appropriate health measures. Therefore, this systematic review is to characterize the scientific literature on the experience of women in the climacteric. The search was conducted through the Virtual Health Library (VHL) with descriptors climacteric and women's health in a period from 2004 to 2010 and 13 field research papers in LILACS were subsequently selected, on account of their presenting experiences in the climacteric. The analysis found the folowing categories: climacteric as a psycho-physiological stage of life, for a healthy life in climacteric and health actions aimed at menopausal women. We conclude that there is a need to effectively link the phenomenon of menopause in public health policy in Brazil and the expansion of health services to meet the demand and comprehensive care to women undergoing menopause.

El vivir de las mujeres en el climaterio: revisión sistemática de la literatura

Life expectancy of over 60 years for 2020 reveals that an important nunber of women will experience the menopause, and this requires appropriate health measures. Therefore, this systematic review is to characterize the scientific literature on the experience of women in the climacteric. The search was conducted through the Virtual Health Library (VHL) with descriptors climacteric and women's health in a period from 2004 to 2010 and 13 field research papers in LILACS were subsequently selected, on account of their presenting experiences in the climacteric. The analysis found the folowing categories: climacteric as a psycho-physiological stage of life, for a healthy life in climacteric and health actions aimed at menopausal women. We conclude that there is a need to effectively link the phenomenon of menopause in public health policy in Brazil and the expansion of health services to meet the demand and comprehensive care to women undergoing menopause.

Saúde pública e terapia ocupacional: apontamentos sobre relações históricas e atuais

It is affirmed that Brazilian Public Health policies have rooting and influence in the social-historical development of Occupational Therapy profession. So, this study starts from the historical-political course of these two fields and their establishing as institutions, in a route from philanthropy to social rights, acheived due to brazilian democratization movement, which took place in the end of 1980's and enlarged social rights for everyone. One of its results was the implementation of Sistema Único de Saúde (Health Public System), which provides universal care, including groups that were, up to that time, attended mainly by philanthropic services. This need has created a lack of professionals which were, in that period, scarce in the public health system, as Occupational Therapists. From that time on, technicians have created new services, and care and attention technologies which have made possible the yet precarious insertion of some groups into the access to the health system and, consequently, the development of that profession. So, it is pointed that through the establishing of public policies which expand the access to social rights of the groups targeted by Occupational Therapy, it is possible, as a consequence, to enlarge professional intervention fields and professional development. Finally, the current difficulties around the political-economical model and the permanent challenge of enlarging attention and inclusion of groups into social rights access are pointed out.

Sickle cell disease

Sickle cell disease

Scientific Education and Research Centre of the National Institute for Cancer Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

The article seeks to analyze the importance of the former headquarters of the Board of Public Health – DGSP (Diretoria Geral de Saúde Pública), in implementing and institutionalizing Brazilian public health policies, and the importance for Brazil of its restoration and reuse as the Centro de Difusão Científica [Scientific Education and Research Centre]. Constructed (1905-1914) at the initiative of Oswaldo Cruz and designed by the Portuguese architect Luiz Moraes Júnior, the following aspects of the old headquarters of the DGSP are examined: the original site; economic and technical means used in construction; the reasoning, programmes and purpose behind its use; economic, physical and conceptual limits and conditions of space; the creators, their ideas and programmes; the architects, their training, works and methods; the buildings and their environmental surroundings throughout the 20th century; with the City of Rio de Janeiro. The article also analyses the various proposed interventions: structural reinforcement, modernization of the installations, recovery of the construction materials and systems, as well as historic and architectural values; the original forms, volumes and spaces of the buildings. The current initiative taken by the Instituto Nacional do Câncer - Inca- of the Health Ministry, current owner of the property, recovers and preserves a reference point for the origin, evolution and institutionalization of Brazilian public health policies. A modern scientific education and research centre for researchers, health professionals, doctors and residents, as well as the general public, is to be installed in the buildings.

Serviços de emergência psiquiátrica e suas relações com a rede de saúde mental Brasileira

To review the literature concerning the role and the inclusion of emergency psychiatric services in mental health networks. We performed a search in online databases (PubMed and SciELO) of empirical articles and reviews about emergency psychiatric services and networks of mental health services. Emergency psychiatric services are a core unit for a proper functioning of mental health networks, by both the management of emergencies itself, and the regulation of the network where it belongs. The emergency psychiatric services relate to all inpatient and outpatient services, allowing the organization of the flow of admissions and avoiding the overload of the network of mental health.The functions of emergency psychiatric services are broad and go beyond the simple referral for hospitalization, since clinical stabilization and psychosocial support can be reached in well structured emergency psychiatric services. In Brazil, these functions were expanded after the mental health reform and the burden of mental health network caused by difficulties and limitations of inpatient and outpatient services. Emergency psychiatric services should be recovered and expanded; especially those located in general hospitals. It is suggested that investment in psychiatric emergencies should be a priority of the Brazilian public health policies for improving the mental health care.

Formação do fonoaudiólogo no município de Salvador e consolidação do SUS

The Human Resources in Health (HRH) academic field is recognized as a critical area, which is part of the reorientation process in the health sector. The elaboration of the Unified Health System (SUS) represents challenges to the academic field process, especially regarding new careers such as speech-language pathology. This is related with the lack of awareness regarding collective health and the past history that strengthened the public health policies in Brazil. Yet, the powerful influence of the service model to the spontaneous demand and reabilitation therapy plays another key role in the aspect. The aim was to analyze the academic field of the speech-language pathology profile in the city of Salvador, Bahia State. Documental analysis and coordinator interviews were used to investigate how the public area is characterized in 3 modules. It was noticed little adhesion of the upper level institutions to the legislation of the field; lack of contact between graduating students and collective health, and a teaching-service disconnection. The graduation of the speech therapist was shown incipient regarding SUS's consolidation. Identifying challenges and opportunities of changes in HRH formation in upper level institutions may lead to better levels of aid to the population, quality of education and expansion of theoretical and practical models of knowledge.

Transexualidade e saúde pública no Brasil

The article aims to discuss transsexuality in the context of the Brazilian public health policies. Firstly, it questions the necessity of the diagnosis of Gender Identity Disorder as a condition of access to treatment in the public health service, searching to understand the historical construction of transsexuality as a pathological phenomenon. After that, it analyzes the debate on public health policies for transsexuals, considering the process of legalization of the reassignment surgery in the country, the resolutions of the Federal Council of Medicine and the constitution of representative forums of the Health Ministry, as well as professionals of the area and representatives of the social movement. Finally, considering the references available that emphasizes the critics on the analysis of transsexuality as a pathological phenomenon in the areas of the Public Health and Social Sciences, it intends to emphasize the importance of understanding the diversity of subjectivity's forms and genders construction considering transsexuality. In this context, it discusses the question of transsexuals autonomy and suggests public policies that, even following an assistance protocol, do not have as its only therapeutical reference the accomplishment of the diagnosis and the reassignment surgery.

Oral Health in Brazil - Part I: public oral health policies

This paper reviews the historical development of public health policies in Brazil and the insertion of oral health in this context. Since 1988, Brazil established a Unified National Health System ("Sistema Unico de Saúde"--SUS), which was conceived to assure access to health actions and services, including oral health. However, a history of lack of access to health services and the health problems faced by the Brazilian population make the process of building and consolidating the SUS extremely challenging. Since 2004, the Oral Health National Policy has proposed a reorientation of the health care model, supported by an adaptation of the working system of Oral Health teams so that they include actions of health promotion, protection and recovery. Human resources should be prepared to act in this system. The qualifying process must take in consideration knowledge evolution, changes in the work process and changes in demographical and epidemiological aspects, according to a perspective of maintaining a balance between technique and social relevance.

TENDÊNCIAS DA POLÍTICA DE SAÚDE NO BRASIL E OS DESAFIOS PARA A SOLIDIFICAÇÃO DO SISTEMA ÚNICO DE SAÚDE

SUMMARY - TENDENCIES OF THE HEALTH POLICY IN BRAZIL AND THE CHALLENGES FOR THE ESTABLISHMENT OF UNIQUE SYSTEM OF HEALTH SERVICES From all those years of SUS (Unique Health Service System) implantation, it is possible to evidence the negligence on the services and activities of the public of health system. The reality that we lived is almost of absolute precarious conditions in the attendance to the health of the collectivity. This study aim to identify aspects that can contribute to the reflection about tendencies of the Brazilian public health policy, stimulating the discussion and nurses participation while citizen and of Nursing in the process of implantation of SUS. The results points that although our Constitutional conquest, of health as a right of all the citizens and duty of the State, be guaranteed by social and economical politics, the health is the most included because, through SUS the universal access is guaranteed, with integral and free attendance, we lived the implantation difficulties and implementation of this system the clear project of it dismounts captained by the Federal Government, with your neoliberal politics that determines the political process and of financing in direction diametrically opposite. Therefore, the promise of a health with more resources to the population less favoured bed medium terms in direction to a poor health to assist poor. All considering these aspects, we placed then, the challenge of to publish and to reproduce the experiences from where being believed in SUS and investing in the quality of attendance to the population, they settled down partnerships between City halls and Municipal Council of Health and they did with that the Model extolled by our Constitution grows with success.

Sistema Único de Saúde e políticas públicas: atendimento psicológico à mulher na menopausa no Distrito Federal, Brasil

This study focused on psychological care for middle-aged women in public health services in the Federal District (Brasilia), Brazil. The article discusses women's health and more specifically menopause and its place in Brazilian public health policies. The survey confirmed the lack of psychological support for menopausal women. In most cases only outpatient medical care was offered. No psychologist had been designated in any of the units surveyed to assist these women. The study concludes that this period of women's life has failed to receive psychological care in Brazil, thus neglecting the principles of the Unified National Health System. Menopausal women deserve comprehensive health care, including attention to conflicts related to biological, psychological, and socio-cultural dimensions of aging, thus contributing to the process of working through maturity.

Brazilian public mental health policy: education and research

Brazil is a country with 170 000 000 inhabitants (census for the year 2000), of whom 138 000 000 live in urban areas. The illiteracy rate, that is, people over 15 years of age who cannot write or read even a simple message, is 13.4%. About 25.6% of the population live on a family income less than half the minimum wage (1999 figures). Brazil's gross internal revenue is R$564 800 per capita (1998 figures, about US$1680 today).

A 12-month follow-up of an influenza vaccination campaign based on voluntary adherence: report on upper-respiratory symptoms among volunteers and non-volunteers.

Routine immunization of groups at high risk for influenza has been progressively implemented as a matter of Brazilian public health policy. Although the benefits of the vaccination for healthy young adults are still controversial, it has been offered yearly to hundreds of thousands of Brazilian workers, generally as part of wellness initiatives in the workplace. To study the characteristics of subjects that accepted or refused to be vaccinated against influenza and to report on respiratory symptoms in both groups, one year after the campaign date. A prospective observational study. Workers at a subsidiary of an international bank in São Paulo, Brazil. 124 persons that did not accept and 145 that voluntarily accepted the vaccine completed 12 months of follow-up. Data concerning gender, age, tobacco use, and any history of chronic respiratory illness such as asthma, bronchitis, rhinitis, and repetitive upper-respiratory infections, were recorded at the time of vaccination. After that, workers were asked monthly by questionnaire or telephone about respiratory symptoms, days of work lost and medical consultations. The results showed statistically significant differences regarding age (P = 0.004) with the vaccinated group (V) being younger than the non-vaccinated (NV) one, and with reference to previous repetitive upper-respiratory infections being higher among the V group (P < 0.0001). During the follow-up, the V group reported more occurrences of upper respiratory symptoms (P < 0.0001), due to both non-influenza (P < 0.0001) and influenza-like illness (P = 0.045). Differences were also found between V and NV groups concerning days off work and number of medical consultations due to upper-respiratory symptoms and non-influenza illness. Gender and history of repetitive upper-respiratory infections were the best predictors of influenza-like illness-related events. The making of previous reference to repetitive upper-respiratory infections was a major difference between those who accepted or rejected the vaccine. The vaccination itself was not sufficient to reduce the number of occurrences of respiratory symptoms and related absenteeism to levels similar to those found among non-vaccinated people.

Family planning in Brazil in the context of public health policies: important historical factors

This study searches historical records for the formulation and implementation of public health policies in Brazil, focusing on those referent to family planning. Initial conclusions show that the policies were geared toward international controlling interests. Family planning today, though officially recognized as an inalienable right of every citizen, still reflects the contradictory political, economic and ideological interests of the ruling power.

O ABORTO: UM RESGATE HISTÓRICO E OUTROS DADOS

Preocupados com os resultados recentes de pesquisas brasileiras sobre complicações após aborto, que indicam um crescente aumento no número desses eventos, além de registrarem uma alta incidência dos mesmos entre adolescentes, os autores propõem-se a analisar, neste trabalho, a prática do aborto sob uma Ética histórica, como um subsídio para se “repensar”a questão em futuras políticas de saúde no Brasil. Apresentam, para tanto, enfoques médicos, religiosos, políticos, legais, sociais, económicos e culturais sobre a questão do aborto, esposados pelos povos, desde as antigas civilizações, orientais e ocidentais, até os dias de hoje - todos eminentemente ditados por fatores econômicos, dependentes, obviamente, da facção que estivesse no poder em determinado contexto histórico. Éapresentada, também, a legislação brasileira sobre o assunto.