Public Health Awareness Research Articles

Epigenetic Modulation in Cancer: Molecular Mechanisms and Therapeutic Targets – A Review

Cancer continues to be one of the leading causes of death and a major global health problem despite ongoing research efforts, advancement in medical technologies, and increased public health awareness. However, the understanding of human cancer as a heterogeneous disease has been significantly increased offering hope that the vital molecular and cellular mechanisms would pave the way for controlling cancer at its advanced stages. The transformation of normal cells into cancerous cells is a complex process achieved through a cascade of events and molecular modifications. A great deal of cancer research has been focusing on studying epigenetic alterations such as DNA methylation, histone modification, and non-coding RNA expression. These epigenetic changes modulate gene expression which is believed to play a potential role in cancer initiation, proliferation, and metastasis. This article aims to review how several aberrant epigenetic regulations impact gene expression and cellular reprogramming in cancer. It also discusses how hypomethylation can lead to increased expression of oncogenes and how hypermethylation silences key tumor suppressor genes. It also highlights how these aberrantly dysregulated genes can serve as potential therapeutic targets for cancer prevention and as biomarkers for early cancer detection.

Modified plywood binder preparation process: The effect of urea formaldehyde mole ratio

The paper highlights the importance of reducing formaldehyde emissions in plywood products due to increasing public health awareness. Lowering the formaldehyde to urea mole ratio (F/U) during UF resin preparation is a crucial step in achieving this goal. The study focuses on synthesizing UF resin through alkaline-acid process modification involving a strong acid step at the initial stage with a target viscosity range of 120 140 cP. Different F/U ratios were investigated at various condensation steps, with final molar ratios ranging from 1.5 to 1.0. Results indicate that adjusting the F/U ratio during the fourth condensation step (F/U4) is essential to meet desired viscosity requirements. Lower F/U4 ratios lead to decreased reactivity and reduced free formaldehyde content. Resin aging resulted in increased viscosity and gel time, but all resins remained suitable for application for up to three weeks after preparation. Application tests revealed that UF resin with lower F/U4 ratios produced plywood with reduced internal bonding (IB) strength and formaldehyde emissions. F/U4 = 1.1 was found to be the lowest acceptable molar ratio, with formaldehyde emissions of approximately 2 mg/L. These findings stress the importance of optimizing the UF resin synthesis process to achieve lower formaldehyde emission plywood products.

Exposure to Dietary Glycidyl and 3-MCPD Fatty Acid Esters and Associated Burden of Cancer in Selected Asian and European Countries: A Review and Data Synthesis.

This study evaluated the health implications and oncological impact of consuming glycidyl esters (GE) and 3-monochloro-1,2-propanediol esters (3-MCPDE) in selected Asian and European populations. Data on dietary GE and 3-MCPDE were compiled from 10 studies conducted in China, Taiwan, Poland, and Spain, identified through a systematic search in PubMed and ScienceDirect databases from 2012 to 2022. Studies on food supplements and analytical methods were excluded from the analysis. Health metrics for these nations, spanning 2015 to 2019, were sourced from the Institute of Health Metrics and Evaluation, among others. A Monte Carlo Simulation was employed for data analysis. The results showed that "grains and grain products" was the most consumed food category (260.45-395.35 g/day), whereas "food for infants and children" was the least consumed (0.01-0.09 g/day). Additionally, "fats from animal or plant origin" had the highest contamination levels. While 3-MCPDE exposures remained within safe limits, median GE exposure correlated with an incidence of colon cancer ranging from 3.66 × 10-8 to 0.744%, lung cancer from 0.00256 to 0.287%, and breast cancer from 0.0262 to 2.42% within the study areas. This translated to a total cancer burden of 6.69 to 1020 Disability-Adjusted Life Years (DALYs) per 100 000 individuals. The population in China recorded the highest DALY rate (1,020), followed by Spain (30.2), Poland (19.7), and Taiwan (6.69). Projections suggest an uptick in GE-related cancer cases and associated burdens in the coming decades attributed to demographic shifts, ageing populations, and dietary changes. The study underscores the urgency of mitigating GE and 3-MCPDE food contamination, bolstering public health awareness, and establishing safety guidelines.

Classification of Monkeypox Using Greylag Goose Optimization (GGO) Algorithm

After the COVID-19 epidemic, public health awareness increased. A skin viral disease known as monkeypox sparked an emergency alert, leading to numerous reports of infections across numerous European countries. Common symptoms of this disease are fever, high temperatures, and water-filled blisters. This paper presents one of the recent algorithms based on a metaheuristic framework. To improve the performance of monkeypox classification, we introduce the GGO algorithm. Firstly, we employ four pre-trained models (AlexNet, GoogleNet, Resnet-50, and VGG-19) to extract the most common features of monkeypox skin image disease (MSID). Then, we reduce the number of extracted features to select the most distinguishing features for the disease. We make it by using GGO in binary form, which has an average fitness of 0.60068 and a best fitness of 0.50248. Lastly, we apply various optimization algorithms, including the (WWPA) waterwheel plant algorithm, the (DTO) Boosted Dipper Throated Optimization, the (PSO) particle swarm optimizer, the (WAO) whale optimization algorithm, the (GWO) gray wolf optimizer, the (FA) firefly algorithm, and the GGO algorithm, all based on the Convolution Neural Network (CNN), to achieve the best performance. Best Performance is indicated in accuracy and sensitivity; it reached 0.9919 and 0.9895 by GGO. A rigorous statistical analysis test was applied to confirm the validity of our findings. We applied Analysis of Variance ANOVA, and Wilcoxon signed tests, and the results indicated that the value of p was less than 0.005, which strongly supports our hypothesis.

Probiotic Characteristics of Lactic Acid Bacteria Isolated From Sui Wu’u: A Traditional Food from Bajawa, West Flores, Indonesia

The probiotic potential of lactic acid bacteria originating from traditional food will always be a concern for researchers, along with increasing public awareness of health. One source of LAB isolates with probiotic potential is traditional food. This study aims to investigate the probiotic potential of lactic acid bacteria from Sui Wu’u, a traditional food-based pork originating from Bajawa, East Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia. Sui Wu’u was prepared based on method of the Bajawa community and was analyzed after being stored for six months. Total LAB, morphological, and phenotypic identification was carried out as well as testing the ability of isolates to ferment sugar. Probiotics potency was tested on resistance to low pH and gastric acid, resistance to pathogenic bacteria, and exposure to antibiotics. The results indicated that LAB isolated from Sui Wu’u were dominated by the coci form. The four selected isolates had resistance with a survival rate of 88.3%–96.88% when exposed to pH 2.5 and a survival rate of 98.69%–99.03% when exposed to bile salts at 0.3%. Moderate resistance was exhibited by all isolates against E. coli, S. typhimurium, and S. aureus, while no resistance was observed against B. cereus. All strains demonstrated sensitivity to tetracycline, ampicillin, and chloramphenicol but exhibited resistant to streptomycin. All four isolates were identified as Lactococcus lactis. These results show that four strains of Sui Wu’u have demonstrated their potential as probiotics.

Microbial Analysis and Antibiogram of Bacteria and Fungi Isolated from Meat Sellers Tables in Dutsin-Ma Metropolis, Katsina State

The goal of the research project was to carry out microbiological analysis and antibiogram of bacteria and fungi associated with meat vendor tables in the city of Dutsin-Ma. This study made use of twenty samples in total. Five distinct locations at Wednesday Market and Darawa were chosen, and two samples from each table were taken using swab sticks. For analysis, the samples were then brought to the Federal University of Dutsin-ma microbiology laboratory department. The agars that were initially employed to isolate the bacteria and fungus were MacConkey, nutrient, mannitol salt, bile esculin, salmonella-shigella, eosin methylene blue, and potato dextrose agars. Bacterial species were identified using gram staining and biochemical tests while lactophenol cotton blue staining was used for the identification of fungal species. Bacterial isolates identified include Escherichia coli, Salmonella species, Klebsiella pneumonia, Bacillus subtilis, Streptococcus species and Staphylococcus aureus while the fungal isolates are Aspergillus flavus, A. niger, A. fumigatus, and Oidiodendron griseum. The antimicrobial susceptibility test findings showed that while some of the bacterial isolates were responsive to certain drugs, others were resistant. The results of this study's investigations therefore demonstrated how heavily polluted meat vendors' tables are with a wide variety of bacteria. This can be explained by the unsanitary procedures used in the meat sale industry as well as other environmental issues. Therefore, it is imperative that the government authorities tasked with these duties make sure that the vendors of these meat products adhere to standard and hygienic procedures. Raising public knowledge of the risks of foodborne illnesses associated with eating raw meats is another important goal of public health awareness campaigns.

Causal Relationships between Air Pollutant Exposure and Bone Mineral Density and the Risk of Bone Fractures: Evidence from a Two-Stage Mendelian Randomization Analysis.

A number of studies from the literature have suggested that exposure to air pollutants is associated with a declined bone mineral density (BMD), and increased risks of osteoporosis (OP) and bone fractures. This study was performed to systemically assess the genetically causal associations of air pollutants with site-/age-specific BMD and risk of bone fractures with the implementation of two-sample Mendelian randomization (TSMR) and multivariate Mendelian randomization (MVMR). The TSMR analysis was implemented to infer the causal associations between air pollutants and BMD and the risk of bone fractures, additional MVMR analysis was used to further estimate the direct causal effects between air pollutants and BMD, the occurrence of OP, and bone fractures. The results showed that NOx exposure contributed to lower femoral neck BMD (FN-BMD) (β = -0.71, 95%CI: -1.22, -0.20, p = 0.006) and total body BMD (TB-BMD) (β = -0.55, 95%CI: -0.90, -0.21, p = 0.002). Additionally, exposure to PM10 was found to be associated with a decreased TB-BMD (B β = -0.42, 95%CI: -0.66, -0.18, p = 0.001), further age-specific subgroup analysis demonstrated the causal effect of PM10 exposure on the decreased TB-BMD in a subgroup aged 45 to 60 years (β = -0.70, 95%CI: -1.12, -0.29, p = 0.001). Moreover, the findings of the MVMR analysis implied that there was a direct causal effect between PM10 exposure and the decreased TB-BMD (45 < age < 60), after adjusting for PM2.5 and PM2.5 -10 exposure. Our study provides additional evidence to support the causal associations of higher concentrations of air pollutant exposure with decreased BMD, especially in those populations aged between 45 to 60 years, suggesting that early intervention measures and public policy should be considered to improve public health awareness and promote bone health.

Iraqi household cockroaches collected from Diyala Province are potential vectors of medically-important parasites

Household cockroaches constitute a significant public health threat due to their capacity of transmitting medically-important parasites and other pathogens. The role of Iraqi household cockroaches as potential vectors of medically-important parasites was evaluated in the present study. Fifty cockroaches (Periplaneta americana) were collected from different dwelling places of Baquba City, Diyala Province during the period from October to December 2022. The contents of their guts and external body surfaces were examined for the presence of medically-important parasites. The overall prevalence rate of parasitic infestation on the external body surfaces was 60.0%, while the overall prevalence rate of parasitic infection in the guts was 56.0%. Based on capture sites, cockroaches trapped in the toilets had more parasites than those caught from kitchens and rooms. Four species of medically important parasites were isolated from the external body surfaces of the cockroaches; three species were identified as protozoa and only one species was helminth. The protozoan parasites were identified as Blastocystis spp. (36.0%), Giardia spp. (14.0%) and Cryptosporidium spp. (4.0%). In addition, five species of medically important parasites were isolated from the gut contents; four species were identified as protozoa and only one species was helminth. The protozoan parasites were identified as Blastocystis spp. (24.0%), Giardia spp. (10.0%), Cryptosporidium spp. (8.0%), and Entamoeba histolytica/ E. dispar (2.0%). Enterobius vermicularis was the only helminth parasite isolated from both gut contents (2.0%) and external body surfaces (2.0%). In conclusion, the results showed that cockroaches were found to harbor intestinal parasites of public health importance and awareness on the potential role of these insects in the transmission of human intestinal parasites needs to be established

Pendekatan Klinis Perawatan Indirect Pulp Capping bagi Pelajar

Cavities or caries are diseases of the hard tissue of the teeth. The presence of caries must not be ignored and must be treated because carious lesions can spread and result in pain, tooth loss, and infection of the tissues supporting the teeth. This community service activity aims to increase public awareness of dental and oral health through curative efforts and evaluation of the clinical picture after indirect pulp capping treatment at the State Agricultural Development Vocational School, Ikurkoto Health Center Area, Padang City. The method used in this service begins with patient screening, pulp capping treatment, and evaluation in the form of subjective and objective examinations 1 week after treatment. Participants in the activity were 403 patients who came from around the Ikurkoto Community Health Center area. This activity found that cavities were more common in the back (posterior) teeth, especially the lower molars, as much as 80%, compared to the front (anterior) teeth, as much as 20%. The material used is a bioactive material, namely Glass Ionomer Cement (SIK) type 2 with different brands, namely Fuji II LC (type II aesthetic) 70% and Fuji IX (type II reinforced) 30%. The evaluation results after treatment showed that as many as 71% of dental patients were asymptomatic and responded well to pulp capping treatment.

Low Awareness of Diabetes as a Major Risk Factor for Cardiovascular Disease in Middle- and High-Income Countries.

Awareness of diabetes as a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD) may enhance uptake of screening for diabetes and primary prevention of CVD. The American Heart Association conducted an online survey in 50 countries. The main outcome of this study was the proportion of individuals in each country who recognized diabetes as a CVD risk factor. We also examined variation by sex, age, geographic region, and country-level economic development. Among 48,988 respondents, 15,747 (32.1%) identified diabetes as a major CVD risk factor. Awareness was similar among men and women, but increased with age, and was greater in high-income than in middle-income countries. Two-thirds of adults in surveyed countries did not recognize diabetes as a major CVD risk factor. Given the increasing global burden of diabetes and CVD, this finding underscores the need for concerted efforts to raise public health awareness.

The Chinese Zodiac-in-Noise Test: An Internet-Based Speech-in-Noise Test for Large-Scale Hearing Screening.

Motivated by the growing need for hearing screening in China, the present study has two objectives. First, to develop and validate a new test, called the Chinese Zodiac-in-noise (ZIN) test, for large-scale hearing screening in China. Second, to conduct a large-scale remote hearing screening in China, using the ZIN test developed. The ZIN test was developed following a similar procedure as the digits-in-noise test but emphasizes the importance of consonant recognition by employing the 12 zodiac animals in traditional Chinese culture as speech materials. It measures the speech reception threshold (SRT) using triplets of Chinese zodiac animals in speech-shaped noise with an adaptive procedure. Normative data of the test were obtained in a group of 140 normal-hearing listeners, and the performance of the test was validated by comparisons with pure-tone audiometry in 116 listeners with various hearing abilities. The ZIN test has a reference SRT of -11.0 ± 1.6 dB in normal-hearing listeners with a test-retest variability of 1.7 dB and can be completed in 3 minutes. The ZIN SRT is highly correlated with the better-ear pure-tone threshold ( r = 0.82). With a cutoff value of -7.7 dB, the ZIN test has a sensitivity of 0.85 and a specificity of 0.94 for detecting a hearing loss of 25 dB HL or more at the better ear.A large-scale remote hearing screening involving 30,552 participants was performed using the ZIN test. The large-scale study found a hearing loss proportion of 21.0% across the study sample, with a high proportion of 57.1% in the elderly study sample aged over 60 years. Age and gender were also observed to have associations with hearing loss, with older individuals and males being more likely to have hearing loss. The Chinese ZIN test is a valid and efficient solution for large-scale hearing screening in China. Its remote applications may improve access to hearing screening and enhance public awareness of hearing health.

Emergency pharmacy workforce views and experience related to the provision of pharmaceutical care during mass gathering events: the FIFA World Cup Qatar 2022™ experience.

This study aimed to explore emergency pharmacy workforce perspectives and experiences in providing pharmaceutical care during mass gathering events (i.e., FIFA World Cup Qatar 2022™). A qualitative methodology was employed using focus groups discussions. Emergency pharmacists across Hamad Medical Corporation were invited to participate using a combination of purposive and snowball sampling. Focus groups were audio-recorded, transcribed verbatim, and validated. Inductive thematic analysis was undertaken to generate key themes and subthemes. Four focus groups were conducted which included 21 participants and generated five major themes. Whilst participants had mixed opinions in relation to their preparedness to practice during the World Cup, they perceived their experience as successful and smooth. The primary perceived facilitators were management support, mobile medical units, and high public health awareness. The main highlighted barriers were related to staff insufficiency, medications availability, and cultural and language challenges. Participants recommended pharmacist's role identification in mass gatherings, development of pharmacy action plan, and offering simulation training and pharmacy-specific training. Despite the perceived barriers, pharmacists reported positive views in relation to their experience in providing pharmaceutical care during mass gatherings. Future research should focus on the development of theory-driven action framework for pharmacy departments to adopt during mass gatherings.

Understanding knowledge, attitudes and practices on Ebola Virus Disease: a multi-site mixed methods survey on preparedness in Rwanda

BackgroundThe overall goal of this survey was to understand the knowledge, attitudes, and practices related to the Ebola Virus Disease (EVD) in Rwanda.MethodsThis mixed-method cross-sectional survey was conducted in five selected districts of Rwanda. Quantitative data were collected from 1,010 participants using Kobo Collect Software and the analysis was performed using SPSS and Python software. Qualitative data were specifically collected from 98 participants through Key Informant Interviews (KIIs) and Focus Group Discussion (FGDs). Interview transcripts were imported into NVIVO 8 for coding and subsequent analysis.ResultsAs per our quantitative findings, we report that from the 1,010 respondents, 99.6% reported having previously heard of Ebola, 97.2% believed that vaccination is important in combatting the disease and 93.3% of individuals reported a willingness to receive vaccination should one become available. Around 54% of the respondents were correct in identifying that the disease is of a viral origin which originates from wild animals (42.1%). When asked if they believed that Rwanda is at risk of an EVD outbreak, 90% of the respondents believe that the country is at risk of an EVD outbreak, and the cofactors *gender* and *whether people dwell in Rubavu/Rusizi* were found to significantly impact their perception of threat. As per our qualitative findings, the respondents mentioned that both geographical proximity and relations with the Democratic Republic of Congo place Rwanda at risk of developing an internal outbreak. Although the respondents seemed to be aware of the Ebola prevention behaviours, it was noted that some of them will require significant time before reintegrating into the community an EVD survivor, as they will first need assurance that the patient has fully recovered. Therefore, the qualitative findings reinforce what we originally reported in the quantitative approach to this study.ConclusionOur results show that there was high EVD-related knowledge and awareness among the general population in Rwanda. However, for strong public health awareness, preparedness, and protection, a massive investment should always be made in education about EVD with a special focus on districts neighboring countries where the disease is consistently being reported.

Awareness of health and environmental effects of plastic bags in bakeries in Al-Laity district, Benghazi

This study assessed public awareness of health and environmental risks associated with plastic bags and available alternatives. A questionnaire-based CT survey was conducted in Benghazi bakeries in the Al-Lathy area specifically over a study period from 6/3/2023 to 22/3/2023. The survey included the pioneers of Al-Laity Bakeries who were permanent residents of the study population. The data were analyzed using SPSS software. The relationship between the sociodemographic characteristics of respondents and awareness of the harmful effects of plastic bags was determined using the Chi-square test. The study involved 200 respondents aged 20 years and over, as proven by the results. Most of the respondents (56.5%; 113/200) had a university education level and above. Additionally, 41.0% (82/200) of the respondents were state employees. Furthermore, a majority of the respondents (91.5%; 183/200) reported purchasing bread in plastic bags on a daily basis. The largest percentage of respondents (66.5%; 133/200) reported throwing away plastic bags after a single use. In contrast, 30.5% (61/200) indicated that they would keep and reuse the bags, while a small percentage of 3.0% (6/200) reported burning them. It is noteworthy that most respondents demonstrated awareness of health and environmental risks associated with plastic bags and the availability of alternatives. Promoting the reuse of plastic bags and the utilization of available alternatives can help mitigate the increased risk posed by plastic bag usage.

Pengembangan Pemasaran Sayuran Organik pada CV Reja Mayur Melalui Sosialisasi Green Marketing

The growing awareness of public health and environmental sustainability has increased the demand for organic products, particularly vegetables. CV Reja Mayur, as a producer of organic vegetables, plays a crucial role in meeting the needs of the growing market. In the competitive organic vegetable industry, innovative and sustainable marketing strategies are crucial. Green marketing, focusing on environmental sustainability and social responsibility, can be a solution to enhance brand visibility and build relationships with consumers who are concerned about sustainability. Community service activities were conducted at CV Reja Mayur, located in Desa Claket and Mligi, Kecamatan Pacet, Kabupaten Mojokerto, using the method of green marketing socialization. The results of this activity indicate that green marketing can highlight the positive impact of CV Reja Mayur's organic vegetable products on the environment. CV Reja Mayur can implement measures such as strengthening transparency, involving consumers in sustainability initiatives, utilizing social media, obtaining organic certification, and innovating in products and business processes. After receiving green marketing socialization, it is expected that CV Reja Mayur can enter a more sustainable marketing era and capitalize on the potential market that increasingly values organic products and sustainability.

Randomised controlled trial combining vitamin E-functionalised chocolate with physical exercise to reduce the risk of protein–energy malnutrition in predementia aged people: study protocol for Choko-Age

ObjectiveProtein–energy malnutrition and the subsequent muscle wasting (sarcopenia) are common ageing complications. It is knowing to be also associated with dementia. Our programme will test the cytoprotective functions of vitamin...

Oral Health Knowledge, Attitude, and Behavior Among Health Professions' Students at Kabul University of Medical Sciences.

Numerous investigations have revealed that oral issues are quite common among young Afghans. Knowledge, attitudes, and behavior are the three oral health-related population dimensions that need to be assessed in order to design effective public health awareness programs. The study's goal was to find out how much health professions' students at Kabul University of Medical Sciences knew about oral health, as well as their attitudes and behaviors toward dental health and oral hygiene routines. From September 2022 to December 2022, cross-sectional research was conducted at Kabul University of Medical Sciences. A total of 496 health professions' students (312 females and 184 males) aged 18-25 years old from 5 colleges of health and medical-related disciplines were addressed. All participants were given a thorough questionnaire with 30 amended items modified from Peterson et al and Stenberg et al. 44.5% (n=220) of the participants brushed their teeth twice per day, 41.3% (n=204) once per day, and 9.31% (n=46) more than twice per day, while just 4.7% (n=23) cleaned their teeth less than once per day. Surprisingly, the majority of participants (91% or n=451) were aware of the significance of routine dental visits, and 51.3% (n=252) of participants reported visiting the dentist while they experienced pain. 94% of students were of the opinion that brushing their teeth prevents dental decay. 93% (n=461) of them agreed that using fluoride strengthens teeth, and 96% (n=476) said that sweets are bad for teeth. Oral health knowledge, attitudes, and behaviours are related to an individual's level of education. Female and generally dental professions' participants, rather than other health professions participants, were more likely to be concerned about their oral health than male participants.

Practice of junk food consumption among college students: an observational study in Northern Karnataka

Background: Globalisation and urbanisation have significantly changed peoples eating patterns and forced many individuals to eat foods which have high calorie and low nutritional value foods called junk foods. Excessive consumption of fast food is often associated with increased risk of non-communicable diseases, presenting a public health challenge. India’s fast-food industry is expanding at the rate of 40% every year. India ranks 10th in the Fast-food per capita spending figures with 2.1% of expenditure in annual total spending. The aim of the study was to assess the knowledge and practice of junk food among college students. Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted among college students in Vijayapura city, during June to July 2022. The data was collected using semi-structured questionnaire, convenience sampling of 683 students were the participants of the study. Results: Out of 683 participants, 25.9% doesn’t care about the harmful effects of consuming junk. Around 61.8% of respondents are influenced by the taste and flavour of the junk. And 64.9 % of the respondents were aware enough to check mostly, whereas 29.3 percent were never had the habit of checking the nutrient fact label. Conclusions: As majority of the students consume junk, the adequate knowledge about the junk among them were relatively low, along with public health awareness, nutritional counselling can also be given to the students. And they are influenced mostly by the taste and easy availability.

Family Economical Strategy and The Nutrition Fulfillment for Children Under Five: Improving Community Understanding

As the next generation of the nation, toddlers need healthy food for optimal growth and development, as well as to reduce the risk of developing chronic diseases as adults. However, there are several things that prevent toddlers from getting balanced nutrition. One of them is low economic problems, lack of supporting facilities, and lack of public awareness of the fulfillment of nutrition in toddlers. The purpose of this program is to increase public awareness of toddler health as well as family economic management by providing counseling on how to make nutritious food for toddlers. In addition, this program also seeks to optimize the ability of related support systems, namely the role of posyandu, as a community empowerment function. The service method used is Participatory Action Research (PAR) with five main steps, namely identifying partners and analyzing needs, counseling on the fulfillment of toddler nutrition and cooking demonstrations, mentoring and monitoring, providing raw materials and equipment, as well as evaluation and further development. The output of community service activities is an increase in community understanding, implementation of raw material management, providing education on healthy food consumption habits. In addition, the results of this service are also the material for published articles. Based on the community service activities carried out, the understanding of the community shown by the understanding of the mothers increased based on the comparison of the results of the pre and post tests conducted. The desire to implement knowledge from the counseling results is also quite high. Education related to healthy food habits is also carried out during counseling and other educational media.

Development of Web-Based Health Information Service Systems

Background: Efforts to build services that can provide information quickly and accurately are significant for an agency. The use of the internet in finding health services is a place that can provide information that is not only fast but also provides the right solution. Therefore, a health service website was created containing information about health services, by utilizing the development of information technology, which can carry out health services through a website that can be accessed at any time (Real Time) by the public anywhere and anytime. Laravel is a Hypertext Preprocessor (PHP) programming language framework created by Taylor Otwell that has many modern features that help developers create applications. This study aims to design a technology-based health information service system with a web platform to increase public health awareness and facilitate access to information about health services.&#x0D; Method: The method used is a linear system development method, namely the waterfall method where each stage of development is carried out sequentially, starting from the stages of analysis, design, implementation, testing, and maintenance.&#x0D; Result: The results showed that web-based health information service systems can improve the efficiency and effectiveness of health services, obtain accurate and up-to-date information about health services, and provide easy access to health information for the public.&#x0D; Conclusion: Based on the results of research that has been conducted, it can be concluded that the development of web-based health information service systems has the potential to improve the quality of health services. This system can help health facilities improve the efficiency and effectiveness of health services, by reducing manual processes and improving collaboration between health workers, increasing the accuracy and completeness of health data, reducing data input errors and increasing data accessibility, increasing the security and confidentiality of health data, and increasing patient satisfaction specifically and the public in general, by providing faster services and easy.