Location Of Public Facilities Research Articles

Reviews: The Right Place: Shared Responsibility and the Location of Public Facilities, Passive Solar Buildings, British Urban Policy and the Urban Development Corporations, the Palladian Landscape, Computers in Architecture: Tools for Design, Tourist Organizations, European Urban Land and Property Markets 1. Urban Land and Property Markets in the Netherlands

Reviews: The Right Place: Shared Responsibility and the Location of Public Facilities, Passive Solar Buildings, British Urban Policy and the Urban Development Corporations, the Palladian Landscape, Computers in Architecture: Tools for Design, Tourist Organizations, European Urban Land and Property Markets 1. Urban Land and Property Markets in the Netherlands

The right place: shared responsibility and the location of public facilities

The right place: shared responsibility and the location of public facilities

Massam, Bryan H., "The Right Place: Shared Responsibility and Location of Public Facilities" (Book Review)

Massam, Bryan H., "The Right Place: Shared Responsibility and Location of Public Facilities" (Book Review)

農家の構造分析から見た中山間地域整備の方向に関する事例的研究 岐阜県八幡町の事例

In hilly and mountainous areas, the operation and maintenance of farm and forest and is becoming a major problem Makeupas the number of inhabitants decreases and the impact of the international agricultural situation is felt. Based on an investigation into actual conditions which targets the individual farmers, this problem must be studied with a view to a comprehensive policy for hilly and mountainous areas. From this standpoint, the present research has elucidated the causes for the occurrence of unplanted paddy fields and abandoned cultivation land in terms of a structural analysis of farms in the case of the Sugo settlement, Hachiman-cho of Gifu Prefecture, and has studied trends in the maintenance of hilly and mountainous areas based on this.1. The conditions of unplanted paddy fields and abandoned cultivation land were analyzed with regard to the town as a whole and the targeted rural settlements. Rural settlements with many unplanted paddy fields are found along the major rivers and in the valley plains of mountainous areas. The unplanted paddy fields are fields which are far removed from the farmers and fields which are irregularly shaped or which have a poor work environment on tableland. The average aomunt of farmland owned by farms with unplanted paddy fields is 60 ares, and the unplanted paddy fields account for approximately 20% of this. In addition, these farms possess approximately 40 ares of abandoned cultivation land. The average amount of farmland owned by farms without unplanted paddy fields is approximately 30 ares. With regard to farms with unplanted paddy fields, the number of family members, the age of the householder, and the age of the successor of the farmer are greater than in the case of farms without unplanted paddy fields.2. An analysis was made of the state of the living environment which is one of the conditions of stable settlement in the rural settlement in question. The state of the living environment was considered in terms of living spheres such as the location of the main public facilities, commuting, and shopping. There are no main public facilities in the rural settlement in question ; these are all concentrated in the key settlement of the old village, and the town center. There is a high degree of dependency on the town center for the living sphere, and it was clear that the living sphere of farms with unplanted paddy fields is narrower than farms without such fields. 3. An analysis was made of family makeup and the changes therein, and their relation to the state of managing farmland. With regard to farms with many uncultivated paddy fields, the holding farmland area is comparatively large, and the householder is primarly engaged in part-time labor. The “decrease” in the number of family members combined with the “ageing” of the average age of the family can be observed in farms with a large holding land aera. It would seem that these changes in family makeup are related to the incidence of unplanted paddy fields.4. The relation between changes in family makeup and the state of managing farmland was modeled according to the 3 cases of (a) unstable maintenance of farmland, (b) low-stable maintenance of farmland, and (c) no unplanted paddy fields. While referring to survey results on trends in hilly and mountainous areas, the trends in hilly and mountainous ares maintenance were studied based on these 3 models. As a result, it would seem necessary to secure oppotunities for income generation in industries other than agriculture and forestry, to promote the development of living environment infrastructure, and to adopt not only ageing countermeasures but also a support system for infants and toddlers. Furthermore, it would appear necessary to establish a low-stable maintenance system for farm and forest land.

Book Review: The Right Place: Shared Responsibility and the Location of Public Facilities

Book Review: The Right Place: Shared Responsibility and the Location of Public Facilities

Potentiality for Application of Geographical Information Systems to market Analysis

This paper presents a perspective of market analysis using Geographical InformationSystems. There are three types of applications in this area. The first is MarketingInformation Systems. MIS provides retail managers two kinds of information for presenting market maps and defining retail trade areas. The second is geodemographics, which is used as a geodemographic discriminator for consumer behavior. The third is trade area analysis by spatial analysis and mathematical models. Spatial Decision Support Systems are discussed for optimal location of public facilities and private firms.

Public facility location and urban spatial structure: Equilibrium and welfare analysis

We consider a model in which the location of a single public facility is fixed somewhere in an urban area. There are two firms that choose locations; the locations of households, competing for space in the land market, are also endogenous. The analysis examines the nature of the spatial equilibrium and shows that different kinds of equilibria can emerge depending on the parameters of the model. The welfare implications of changes in transportation cost and the location of the public facility are studied, and appear to be non-standard for some equilibrium configurations.

LOCATION AND SPATIAL PRICING FOR PUBLIC FACILITIES

ABSTRACT. Past analysis of public facility location has generally assumed a single goal, such as cost minimization or welfare maximization, and exogenous spatial pricing. This paper considers optimal facility location under a variety of goals. Furthermore, the facility manager is allowed to engage in freight absorption so that the delivered price to consumers need not reflect actual transportation costs. A systematic interaction among management goals, freight absorption, and the optimal size and spacing of public facilities is found.

A fuzzy set-theoretic method for public facility location

This paper deals with the facility location problem for a public sector distribution system. The system is characterized by two conflicting goals: the authority;s aspiration of expenditure minimization and the preference at each demand site for maximizing the amount supplied. In order to obtain a location/transportation plan at which both conflicting goals are satisfactorily traded off for all the parties involved, the fuzzy set-theoretic method is applied to render a parametric analysis of the conventional facility location problem. For the uncapacitated case, an efficient heuristic based on Erlenkotter's dual-based method is presented, along with computational results showing its efficiency. However for the capacitated case, only a brief sketch of the heuristic is provided mainly due to its associated complexity.

THE p‐MEDIAN SCHEDULING AND LOCATION PROBLEM

With few exceptions, public-facility location models have considered facility accessibility to be solely a function of spatial distribution relative to demand. In this paper, we expand this definition to recognize a temporal component as well. A model is presented that optimally locates a given number of facilities and simultaneously schedules their operations to maximize accessibility to demand. In addition, for the special case when facilities already exist, a model is presented that focuses solely on the optimal scheduling of facility operations. Test results indicate that these models may have significant and varied implications for locational and policy analysis.

Public Facilities Location under Elastic Demand

While most of the existing work on public sector location models has been developed in the context of emergency facilities, the location problem of nonemergency facilities differs in the location objective and in the elastic nature of demand. The proper location objective under elastic demand is that of maximizing Consumers' Surplus (CS). Based on a proposed framework, we formulate the CS location objective under different demand functions, representing different demand behaviors. We prove that the CS function is convex and therefore the search for optimal locations can be restricted to nodes. We present integer programming formulations of the Maximum Consumers' Surplus Location problem (MCSLP) and its generalization which includes fixed facility cost. A computational analysis compares the location behaviors under elastic and inelastic demands, and investigates the effects of demand function (demand behavior) on location behavior.

大都市機業地の土地利用変容に関する研究

The Nishijin area of Kyoto City sampled for this study has shifted with little changes of characteristics of miscellaneous landuses for dwelling, repeating the generation and extinction of small textile industries in its traditional streets pattern in which inhabitants have inherited the conventional subdivision of lot. But in recent years, the industrial spaces which once disappeared can be hardly relocated in the Nishijin area. In this meaning, the transformation of the whole Nishijin area occurred by dropping out of small industries seems irreversible. This study aims to investigate problems existing herein a changing process of the landuse in the Nishijin area from a viewpoint with an emphasis on the recent difficulties of regeneration lying in location problems of small industries and to consider about themes of planning on mixed landuse. This study offers some findings and proposals as follows. (1) The landuse of the Nishijin is characterized by the traditional complex of textile industries which has formed the central district based on concentrating locations of public and communal facilities. But the recent change of landuse in the central district has become disadvantageous to textile industries which try to locate in the Nishijin area. (2) When textile industies move their locations from the central district toward the periphery, they are apt to subcontract works to smaller industries located in other areas including out of kyoto City. On the contrary, industries which want to keep present locations have maintained the historic interdependence orienting to the peculiar landuse of the central district. (3) The landuse planning for the Nishijin area should protect spaces for weaving and other allied industries and inherit stocks beeing generated by the historic locations of communal bases and the original townscape.

The Regionally Constrained p‐Median Problem

In many applications involving the location of public facilities, the activity that is being located is added to the landscape of existing public facilities and services. Further, there also exists a political and behavioral landscape of differing jurisdictions, representations, and perceptions. This paper presents a new form of the p‐median problem which addresses two types of “regional” constraints that can arise in public facilities planning. A formulation is given for this specially constrained median problem along with a solution approach. Several examples are presented with computational results which indicate that this type of constrained problem could lead to better facilities planning.

LOCATION OF PUBLIC FACILITIES WITH SPILLOVER EFFECTS: VARIABLE LOCATION AND PARAMETRIC SCALE*

ABSTRACT This paper studies the location of public facilities of two neighboring local governments which consider not only the influence of the land market but also the spillover effects that each jurisdiction may have on the other. We obtain the following results: (1) in most cases, one of the cities behaves as an isolated city in choosing the facility location while the other enjoys the spillover effect as a free rider; (2) we also find that the equilibrium location in the two noncooperative city case is not socially optimal except for a special case.

OPTIMUM LOCATION OF PUBLIC FACILITIES UNDER THE INFLUENCE OF THE LAND MARKET*

ABSTRACT. This paper discusses the problem of the optimal location of public facility(ies) in a long narrow city, especially taking into consideration the externality‐internalizing effect of the land market. It shows a systematic approach to dealing with the land market mechanism in first a one‐facility and then a two‐facility case. The analysis assures the importance of posing the location‐optimizing problem even under the influence of the land market.

Optimal location of public facilities: Area dominance approach

This paper examines the optimal location of public facilities under the influence of the land market. Our approach is based on the concept of area-dominance, which is a spatial analogy to the concept of stochastic-dominance. This concept enables us to conduct a pairwise comparison of possible locations for a public facility. For a certain class of community shapes, it also determines the optimal location of the public facility independently of the utility function, tax rate or externality level

Evaluating Public Policy Costs in Rural Development Planning: The Example of Health Care in Sierra Leone

Rural Development Planning in Less Developed Countries, especially in Africa, has followed a pattern since colonial times that concentrates public service facilities in urban administrative centers. In many of these countries most of the population lives in rural areas. Public facility location at urban administrative centers may therefore have associated social welfare costs. There is a need to explore the possibility of locating public services at centers that are more accessible to a wider population. The analysis in this study compares a distribution of rural health care facilities proposed by the government of Sierra Leone against a distribution that is achieved through location-allocation planning. The results show that rural development planning would be more successful if a shift is made from the administrative network to a careful analysis of the actual distribution of the target population for a particular service.

Planners, Politicians, and the Development of the Hospital Services of Newcastle upon Tyne, 1948–1969

Analysts of the location of public facilities have tended to ignore the decisionmaking processes whereby these facilities are located. Therefore a detailed consideration of the development of the acute hospital services of Newcastle upon Tyne from 1948–1969 is presented in this paper. In particular, the arguments both for and against a proposal to locate the city's third general hospital at Freeman Road, in northeast Newcastle, are focused upon. Attention is drawn to divisions and divergences of opinion and strategy both within and between various branches of the state, and it is argued that any interpretation of state practice must be sensitive to such divisions and to the specific local circumstances in which state policies are articulated. In a concluding section, the broader theoretical implications of this evidence are drawn out.

Towards the simplification of location models for public facilities: The case of the postal service

This paper clarifies the need for greater attention that should be paid to the modelling of users' behaviour in public facilities location models. Discussing the need for more complex objective functions, it shows that greater discrimination is required between distance-sensitive demand and distance-inelastic demand in location models. Current modelling strategies based on fixed demand configurations may however produce efficient results for some public services, such as the post offices in urban areas.

Locational Analysis of Public Facilities.

The concern of economists and location theorists for the problem of public facility location is growing rapidly. The present collection of essays aims to provide an overview of the problem both from the perspective of economic theory and operations research. A study of some basic ingredients of a public space theory and one on the main tools for spatial decision-making are offered. This is reflected in the content of the book, which is divided into two parts. The first part deals with the theory of local public goods and with public decision-making procedures in the spatial context. A survey of the current literature on local public goods is proposed and contributed papers follow which are devoted to particular aspects or to a critical discussion of the main approaches. Voting procedures in a spatial context are reviewed and extended. Then follows an application of planning theory to public goods in space. The second part is relative to the operational analysis of locational decisions in the public sector. The major models and methods are reviewed; their computational efficiency is reported on and some of their fundamental properties are discussed.