Location Of Public Facilities Research Articles

Location optimization of urban fire stations: Access and service coverage

Fire and rescue services are among the most critical public services provided by governments to protect people, property and the environment from fires and other emergencies. Efficient deployment of fire stations is essential to ensure timely response to calls for service. Given the geographic nature of such problems, spatial optimization approaches have long been employed in public facility location modeling along these lines. In particular, median and coverage approaches have been widely adopted to help achieve travel-cost and service-coverage goals, respectively. This paper proposes a bi-objective spatial optimization model that integrates coverage and median goals in the service of demand areas. Based on the properties of derived objective functions, we presented a constraint-based solution procedure to generate the Pareto frontier, enabling the identification of alternative fire station siting scenarios. The developed model is applied to an empirical study that seeks to identify the best fire station locations in Nanjing, China. The results demonstrate the value of spatial optimization in assisting fire station planning and rescue resource deployment, highlighting important policy implications.

Spatial Relationship between Public Facility Location and Commercial Agglomeration by Locational Matching Index

Spatial Relationship between Public Facility Location and Commercial Agglomeration by Locational Matching Index

Strategy-proof location of public facilities

Consider the problem of locating a public facility taking into account the agents' preferences. To construct strategy-proof social choice rules, we propose a new preference domain that allows agents to have any single-peaked or any single-dipped preference on the location of the facility such that the peak/dip of the preference is in her own location. We characterize all strategy-proof rules in this general framework and study the conditions under which this family of strategy-proof rules includes non-dictatorial rules that have more than two alternatives in the range or that are Pareto efficient. Finally, we characterize for some focal cases all strategy-proof and Pareto efficient rules.

공공시설물의 적정입지 선정에 관한 연구

본 연구는 공공시설물의 적정입지 선정에 관한 연구로 다양한 공공시설물 중에서 이용자수가 많으며, 지속적으로 늘어나고 있는 공공도서관을 그 연구대상으로 하고 있다. 현재 이와 관련한 다양한 연구가 수행되고 있으나, 대부분 공급자 중심의 관점에서 공공도서관 입지 선정에 관한 연구가 수행되고 있다. 이에 본 연구는 공공도서관 추가 건립을 계획하고 있는 광주광역시를 대상으로 이용자 관점에서 공공도서관 적정입지 도출을 위한 분석을 수행하였다.BR 선행연구를 통해 1차 평가 지표를 도출하였고, 도출된 공공도서관 적정 입지 분석 지표를 도서관 이용자 인식조사를 통한 검증을 받아 이용자 관점의 공간분석을 수행하였다는 점은 타 연구와 차별성이 있다고 판단한다. 연구 결과 8개의 공공도서관 추가 건립계획을 가진 광주광역시의 8개의 공공도서관 건립 적정지역을 제안하였다.

Location Design of Electric Vehicle Charging Facilities: A Path-Distance Constrained Stochastic User Equilibrium Approach

Location of public charging stations, range limit, and long battery-charging time inevitably affect drivers’ path choice behavior and equilibrium flows of battery electric vehicles (BEVs) in a transportation network. This study investigates the effect of the location of BEVs public charging facilities on a network with mixed conventional gasoline vehicles (GVs) and BEVs. These two types of vehicles are distinguished from each other in terms of travel cost composition and distance limit. A bilevel model is developed to address this problem. In the upper level, the objective is to maximize coverage of BEV flows by locating a given number of charging stations on road segments considering budget constraints. A mixed-integer nonlinear program is proposed to formulate this model. A simple equilibrium-based heuristic algorithm is developed to obtain the solution. Finally, two numerical tests are presented to demonstrate applicability of the proposed model and feasibility and effectiveness of the solution algorithm. The results demonstrate that the equilibrium traffic flows are affected by charging speed, range limit, and charging facilities’ utility and that BEV drivers incline to choose the route with charging stations and less charging time.

Mathematical Model and Stochastic Multi-Criteria Acceptability Analysis for Facility Location Problem

This paper studies a real-life public sector facility location problem. The problem fundamentally originated from the idea of downsizing the number of service centres. However, opening of new facilities is also considered in case the current facilities fail to fulfil general management demands. Two operation research methodologies are used to solve the problem and the obtained results are compared. First, a mathematical programming model is introduced to determine where the new facilities will be located, and which districts get service from which facilities, as if there were currently no existing facilities. Second, the Stochastic Multi-criteria Acceptability Analysis-TRI (SMAA-TRI) method is used to select the best suitable places for service centres among the existing facilities. It is noted that the application of mathematical programming model and SMAA-TRI integration approach on facility location problem is the first study in literature. Compression of outcomes shows that mixed integer linear programming (MILP) model tries to open facilities in districts which are favoured by SMAA-TRI solution.

Optimal routing of infiltration operations

This paper suggests a method for routing military ground operations, focused on conducting infiltration based on the shortest-path method. We model the problem in four parts. First, we estimate enemy locations by using public facility location model and military data, and use these to define possible enemy scenarios. Second, for each scenario, a shortest-path problem is solved, where each link’s cost is given by both “Speed” (Travel time) and “Surprise” (Detection probability). And the detection probability is jointly determined by the distance from the enemy’s closest location, detection device’s location and concealment probability from vegetation information. Third, the preferred solution is selected by a robust optimization process. The fourth step involves the use of dissimilar paths to incorporate the impact of a deception operation. The methodology is demonstrated by a case study that uses realistic data from South Korea.

Incorporating institutional and spatial factors in the selection of the optimal locations of public electric vehicle charging facilities: A case study of Beijing, China

In this paper, we present a case study on planning the locations of public electric vehicle (EV) charging stations in Beijing, China. Our objectives are to incorporate the local constraints of supply and demand on public EV charging stations into facility location models and to compare the optimal locations from three different location models. On the supply side, we analyse the institutional and spatial constraints in public charging infrastructure construction to select the potential sites. On the demand side, interviews with stakeholders are conducted and the ranking-type Delphi method is used when estimating the EV demand with aggregate data from municipal statistical yearbooks and the national census. With the estimated EV demand, we compare three classic facility location models – the set covering model, the maximal covering location model, and the p-median model – and we aim to provide policy-makers with a comprehensive analysis to better understand the effectiveness of these traditional models for locating EV charging facilities. Our results show that the p-median solutions are more effective than the other two models in the sense that the charging stations are closer to the communities with higher EV demand, and, therefore, the majority of EV users have more convenient access to the charging facilities. From the experiments of comparing only the p-median and the maximal covering location models, our results suggest that (1) the p-median model outperforms the maximal covering location model in terms of satisfying the other’s objective, and (2) when the number of charging stations to be built is large, or when minor change is required, the solutions to both models are more stable as p increases.

FACTORS INFLUENCING THE USE OF PUBLIC LIBRARY: A CASE IN INDONESIA

Ponte Academic JournalSep 2016, Volume 72, Issue 9 FACTORS INFLUENCING THE USE OF PUBLIC LIBRARY: A CASE IN INDONESIAAuthor(s): Ridwan SiregarJ. Ponte - Sep 2016 - Volume 72 - Issue 9 doi: 10.21506/j.ponte.2016.9.44 Abstract:Purpose ? This paper aims to address a question whether location, location supporting infrastructure, demographics characteristic, physical specification, library operational, and users motivation have influence on the usage of public library. Design/methodology/approach ? This study used is explanatory method using a survey to explain relationship between the tested variables. 351 samples were collected by accidental sampling from users of two libraries i.e. Public Library of Medan city and Provincial Public Library of North Sumatera. An instrument was designed with 109 questions to gather data on 7 variables with a total of 45 indicators. The closed question uses a 5 point Likert scale. The validity and reliability tests were done, while the descriptive and inferential statistic analysis were used as the technique of data analysis. Findings ? Using a Structural Equation Modeling (SEM), five out of six independent variables tested and found have significant influences to the usage of public library namely; location, location supporting infrastructure, physical specification, operationss, and users motivation, while demographic characteristic variable has no significant influence. Originality/value ? In maximizing the usage of public library in a region, the government whom responsible of taking care the public libraries initiatives, should take attention to the library location that has acceptable distance or travel time to community residence; library has attractiveness both in physical building specification and quality of services provided; and demographic factor and user motivation should be taken place as a basic in improving public library role. Spatial based public library should be included as a component in a city planning. Keywords ? Location Facilities Model, Location of Public Facilities, Location of Library Facilities, Usage of Public Library Download full text:Check if you have access through your login credentials or your institution Username Password

Mathematical programming model proposal to solve a real-life public sector facility location problem

The topic of this study is a real life facility location problem in the public sector. A public institution currently has 24 service facilities in a region. There are 55 candidate districts to open a facility in the region. A district that has not a facility receives service from another facility in that region. General management desire to reduce the number of facilities because the existing system no longer provides a cost-effective service. However, opening of new facilities are also considered in case the current facilities fail to fulfil general management's demands. A mathematical programming model is introduced to determine where the facilities will be located, and which districts receives service from which facilities as if there are currently no existing facilities. The solution of the mathematical model shows implicitly which of the existing facilities should be closed and in which districts the new facilities should be opened.

Location Optimization of Fire Stations: Trade-off between Accessibility and Service Coverage

GIScience 2016 Short Paper Proceedings Location Optimization of Fire Stations: Trade-off between Accessibility and Service Coverage J. Yao 1 , X. Zhang 2 Urban Big Data Centre, University of Glasgow, 7 Lilybank Gardens, Glasgow, G12 8RZ, UK Email: Jing.Yao@glasgow.ac.uk Department of Geographical Information Science, Hohai University, 1 Xikang Road, Nanjing, 210098, China Email: Xiaoxiang@hhu.edu.cn Abstract Fire and rescue service is one of the fundamental public services provided by government in order to protect people, properties and environment from fires and other disasters, and thus promote a safe living environment. Efficient deployment of fire stations is necessary and essential if timely response to the emergencies is to be achieved. Spatial optimization approaches have been long employed in public facility location studies. In particular, coverage-based models, such as the location set covering problem (LSCP) and the maximum coverage location problem (MCLP), have been widely adopted to achieve complete or maximum coverage of service demand. This paper extends the LSCP by accounting for both partial coverage and access to the demand areas. The proposed model is applied to the optimization of fire station locations in Nanjing, China. The results can be used to assist future fire station location planning and rescue resource deployment. 1. Introduction Fire caused by humans or nature can pose hazard to people, properties and environment, and lead to psychological damage, physical injuries (even death) and significant economic losses. Fire prevention and protection is necessary and essential for a safe living environment. The associated fire and rescue service therefore needs to be properly deployed to ensure efficient fire safety management. A fundamental concern in this regard is the spatial configuration of fire stations as it is critical to timely response to emergency calls. Given the inherent spatial nature, fire station location problems have been well studied using geographical information system (GIS)-coupled location modelling (Chevalier et al. 2012; Aktas et al. 2013; Murray 2013). In particular, LSCP (Toregas et al. 1971), MCLP (Church and ReVelle 1974) and their extensions have long been employed to evaluate the locational efficiency of existing fire stations as well as seek sites for new fire stations (Chevalier et al. 2012; Murray 2013). Common goals of locating fire stations include maximizing the access to provided services, covering as much demand as possible and minimizing total costs of service provision, usually subject to available resources. In practice, two or more objectives are often considered to capture different aspects in relation to fire service delivery. The aim of this paper is to seek best locations of fire stations with spatial optimization approaches, particularly considering accessibility and service coverage. The proposed model is applied in an empirical study in Nanjing, China, to assist future fire station location planning and rescue resource deployment.

Optimal Interval Division

This paper develops a theory of optimal interval division for capacity-constrained problems in which a continuum is divided into finitely many intervals, or classes, and choices are class-targeted. Examples include the location of public facilities by a social planner, the distribution of product characteristics by firms, coarse matching, bounded memory, and mechanism design with limited communication.Optimal interval division refers to the problem of finding the interval partition of a given continuum maximizing an associated value, constrained by the number of classes. The value of each finite interval partition is derived by summation from a basic primitive that I call a cell function defined over all subintervals. I identify an important and common property of cell functions: they are submodular over the interval structure. This yields the following results.First, the maximum value exhibits decreasing marginal returns in the number of classes, and converges rapidly with an additional simple condition. Second, I uncover a novel sandwiching property: when allowing an extra class, the new optimal cut- offs are more spread compared with the original optimal ones in the sense that each new cut point lands in a different original partition element. This property helps elucidate the effects of various capacity constraints on economic behavior. Third, by a characterization theorem, I show that a submodular optimal interval division problem can often be interpreted as scalar quantization in information theory with a general error function, despite arising from seemingly unrelated contexts like coarse matching.

Suitability Assessment of Rural Public Spaces and Facilities

With the rapid change of rural communities and increasing desire for social welfare, the demand for the quality of public spaces and facilities is increasing. However, inefficient location of rural public space and facility has caused problems such as economic inefficiency, inconvenient accessibility, environmental pollution, unsustainable energy use, and disturbance of visual landscape. This study aims to evaluate suitability of public spaces and facilities in three types of rural village: rural downtown village, rural clustered village, and individual village. As a way to measure the suitability of public spaces and facilities, we assessed indicators of suitability in terms of accessibility, usability, biophysical environment, and sustainable management. To evaluate the accessibility, we applied indicators such as distance from residential areas, public transit, market and public facilities. For the evaluation of biophysical environment, we applied indicators such as slope, elevation, aspect, and occurrence of natural disasters. We analyzed digital maps representing the indicators listed above using GIS. We also conducted a survey and face-to-face interviews to evaluate usability and sustainability of management which are not possible to understand through maps. As a result, we identified that suitability of public spaces and facilities in downtown villages is higher than clustered and individual villages. In particular, suitability of infrastructure facilities, social welfare facilities, and income generation facilities in downtown village are higher than those in clustered and individual villages. The suitability of tourism facilities is generally lower than other types of public facility across the three types of villages. Tourism facilities in clustered village have been identified especially unsuitable compared to other types of villages. We expect the outcome of the research is helpful to improve allocation of public spaces and facilities in rural villages.

Optimal Location Determination of Some Public Facilities within Minna Metropolis: A Geospatial Technique Approach

Theoretical frameworks used to explain the location of services include central place theory, aspects of industrial location theory and spatial diffusion theory. They are all described as normative theories which optimize with respect to defined criteria operating in prescribed environmental conditions (Rushton, 1979). However, recent advancement in geospatial technologies has led to several applications in geographically orientated challenges, hence, the adoption of an effective decision tool like Geographic Information System (GIS), high resolution products of satellite remote sensing as well as the Global Positioning System (GPS) in solving the rather challenging task of optimal location for facilities with respect to necessary criteria. Minna metropolis is being affected adversely by the problem of appropriate location of public facilities. These facilities are either too far from their market zone or they are too congested in a particular location and in some cases, political consideration to the siting of these facilities dominate without given considerations to the necessary criteria for demands and public interest. The study is an investigation into the “optimal determination of the locations of some public facilities in Minna metropolis of Niger State, using geospatial techniques”. The fusion of remote sensing, geographic information system (GIS) and GPS techniques was explored. Geodata base of existing facilities was created and Euclidean-distance geometry used to spatially analyze the appropriate locations with regards to the set of standard criteria. The results showed the haphazard and uncontrolled pattern of development of schools location. However, petrol stations met the evaluated criteria and optimal location indexes.

Strategy-Proof Location of Public Facilities

Agents frequently have different opinions on where to locate a public facility. While some agents consider the facility a good and prefer to have it nearby, others dislike it and would like to see it built far away from their own locations. To aggregate agents' preferences in these situations, we propose a new preference domain according to which each agent is allowed to have single-peaked or single-dipped preferences on the location of the facility, but in such a way that the peak or dip is situated in her own location. We characterize all strategy-proof rules in this general framework and show that they are also group strategy-proof. Finally, we characterize for some focal cases the rules that additionally satisfy Pareto efficiency.

Making regional facility location decisions: the example of Hospital do Oeste Norte, Portugal.

This paper seeks to contribute to the debate on the decision-making process for the location of large public facilities, responding to the growing demand for greater rationality in public investment whilst still offering services of quality and addressing the problem of spatial friction. The specific problem analysed in this paper is the need to define the best location for a public hospital in a particular region of Portugal. The singularity of the approach adopted lies above all in the segmentation into macro-location and micro-location.

Stokastik Çok Kriterli Kabul Edilebilirlik Analizi ile Bir Kamu Kurumu için Tesis Yeri Seçimi

Tesis yeri secimi, ozellikle son 50 yildir bircok calismanin yapildigi bir problem sahasidir. Hizla gelisen teknoloji, cevresel etkenler, rekabet icin isletme maliyetlerinin azaltilmasi gerekliligi, musterilerin memnuniyet algilarindaki degisim gibi bircok faktor bu problemler icin bilimsel yontemler kullanilarak maliyet etkin cozumler bulunmasini gerektirmektedir. Bu calismada, bir kamu kurumuna ait tesis yeri secimi problemi icin cozum onerilmistir. Problem, temel olarak kamu kurumunun ulke genelinde il ve ilcelerde konuslu hizmet merkezi sayisini azaltmak istemesinden kaynaklanmaktadir. Mevcut tesisler kamu kurumunun genel yonetimi tarafindan belirlenen kriterlere gore degerlendirilmis, acik tutulmasi gerekenler ve kapatilmasi gerekenler olarak iki sinifa ayrilmistir. Calismada yontem olarak Stokastik Cok Kriterli Kabul Edilebilirlik AnaliziTRI (SMAA-TRI) kullanilmistir

The Relationship between Population Dynamics and Urban Hierarchy

Spatial planners often make “comprehensive” decisions on the location of public service facilities by using the concept of urban hierarchy: population centers at the upper level of the hierarchy (typically large cities) get the highest level facilities, such as specialized hospitals and universities, while the centers at the lower levels of hierarchy get lower-level facilities. Intuitively, this suggests that there should be a link between urban hierarchy designations and population dynamics in future periods. This link must be taken into account in planning decisions, as it suggests that today’s decisions affect tomorrow’s demand for services. Indeed, this link was assumed in a previously published planning model. Yet, no direct evidence of such a link appears in the literature. The primary goal of this article is to fill this gap by using the census data for Portugal for the period 1991–2001 and the changes in the urban hierarchy that were implemented during 1980s and early 1990s. While our results support the link between urban hierarchy designations and population dynamics that has been assumed in previously published work, the mechanism describing this link appears to be somewhat different from the one postulated previously. Several extensions and directions for future work are also discussed.

影响土地所有人参与都市重划风险因素关联性之研究

市地重划是一种可以改善人民生活环境的土地政策，惟重划过程中政府与人民认知上有差异，常让土地所有权人觉得其权益受到侵害。土地所有权人反对市地重划的理由有诸多原因：地价查估标准与民众预期有落差、地上物拆迁补偿不满意、重划负担比例偏高、区域性工程纳入重划负担、施工期间造成民众生活上的干扰与事业损失、房屋须拆除民众居住不便、重划后土地分配面积、重划后土地分配区位、对公共设施规划或配置不满意、民众反映及陈述意见不被重视或接受、都市计划不符合民众需求、认为实施者是为了获利才协助更新、重划对土地所有权人无需要也无意义、对政府不具信心等。各原因皆会影响土地所权人的权益是否能得到公平的对待，过程中若能了解问题的关键因素可减少纠纷与谈判进行时间，顺利达成共识，是本研究的目的。本文利用多目标决策方法中之决策实验室分析法(Decision Making Trial and Evaluation Laboratory, DEMATEL)，利用此方法研究与解决影响土地所有权人参与重划问题间的关联性，以厘清问题本质。如此不仅可以找出影响土地所有权人参与市地重划的最关键因素，还可以找出问题之关联性，减少不必要的冲突和无效率的额外浪费，提高更多民众参与的意愿，将冲突减至最低。 Urban Readjustment is a land policy to improve people’s living environment. Nevertheless, it results in conflicts on cognitive differences between government and land stakeholders, and constantly land stakeholders feel their rights have been infringed in the process of readjustment. In fact, there are many causes which make land stakeholders oppose the rezoning, such as the gap between the standard of estimation of land values and land stakeholders’ expectations, unsatis- factory compensation of demolition, high proportion burden, inconvenience of life and moving during the construction period, disputes on relocation of land and parcel, disagreement on urban planning and the location of public facilities, no benefits for land owners, insufficient confidence on government and so on. Even some of the land stakeholders suppose their opinions and concerns did not be accepted or listened by government. The purpose of the study is to clarify the key factors of problem causing, and to reduce the time cost on disputes and negotiations in the process of the urban readjustment. The laboratory analysis of the multi-objective decision-making method of decision-making (Decision Making Trial and Evaluation Laboratory, the DEMATEL) is applied to study and address the relevance between causes and the participated willing of land stakeholders. The study is to clarify the nature of the problem on the urban readjustment, identify the most critical factors that affect land stakeholders participated in the urban readjustment and find out the relevance of the causes in order to reduce the unnecessary conflict and inefficiency, increase the participated willing of land stakeholders and minimize the conflict for providing the efficient way to improve people’s living environment.

A novel artificial immune algorithm for spatial clustering with obstacle constraint and its applications.

An important component of a spatial clustering algorithm is the distance measure between sample points in object space. In this paper, the traditional Euclidean distance measure is replaced with innovative obstacle distance measure for spatial clustering under obstacle constraints. Firstly, we present a path searching algorithm to approximate the obstacle distance between two points for dealing with obstacles and facilitators. Taking obstacle distance as similarity metric, we subsequently propose the artificial immune clustering with obstacle entity (AICOE) algorithm for clustering spatial point data in the presence of obstacles and facilitators. Finally, the paper presents a comparative analysis of AICOE algorithm and the classical clustering algorithms. Our clustering model based on artificial immune system is also applied to the case of public facility location problem in order to establish the practical applicability of our approach. By using the clone selection principle and updating the cluster centers based on the elite antibodies, the AICOE algorithm is able to achieve the global optimum and better clustering effect.