Public Education System Research Articles

Confronting the traditional system: a qualitative study on the challenges to school based restorative practices policy implementation

ABSTRACT With the abundance of research that has come to fruition in recent years about the school to prison pipeline and rampant disproportionality of exclusionary discipline, the United States is starting to see a shift to a school-based restorative practices approach. Because of the nascent nature of this framework, research is far behind practice in schools, and knowledge about barriers to implementation is limited. This qualitative research study used purposive sampling and semi-structured interviews to review the experiences of 12 education professionals in San Diego County involved with restorative practice implementation. Participants believe an absence of administrative buy-in and a lack of resources prevent restorative practices from being executed with efficacy. Participants also stated that the resistance to change and the drastic change in culture, as well as societal factors, challenged restorative practices implementation. Findings suggest that restorative practices should be prioritized with intentionality by all levels of the public education system for more effective implementation in schools and more equitable outcomes for students.

Soviet Power and System of Public Education in 1920s: Practice of Experiments in Conditions of Building New Statehood

The state policy of the Soviet government in relation to the system of public education in the initial period of the formation of the Soviet state is considered. The relevance of the study is due to the content and organizational side of the transformations of the Soviet power in the field of public education in the 1920s, which is today of substantive interest for modern education from the applied standpoint of pedagogical practices and innovations in terms of their effectiveness and professional suitability. The authors focus on the general nature of managerial experiments that took place in the school system in the 1920s in the context of the general transformation of the country. A detailed analysis of the organizational foundations of the reform of the education system was carried out, the structure of educational institutions of the period under review was studied, its graphical diagram was built, an overview of the content and overview of school education was made. The novelty of the research lies in the presented subject analysis of the content of curricula and school programs of the 1920s, the construction of a consistent line of reforms in education implemented by the Soviet government in the context of their further effectiveness and historical results. Conclusions are made about the content side of these transformations within the framework of a complex of pedagogical ideas and new practices in education.

How Community Engagement Helped Transform the Union City Public Schools

ABSTRACT Over the past three decades, reformers have championed approaches to improving schools that have included state takeovers, school closures, and firing teachers. Despite the prevalence of these policies, these reform efforts have failed to produce strong systems of public education. This article examines Union City schools in New Jersey (USA), a district that was on the verge of experiencing a state takeover for years of academic underperformance but that is now celebrated as an exemplary public school system that serves a predominantly Latino immigrant population. In this article, I argue that community engagement—particularly, the state engaging the local community—played an important role in the prevention of a takeover and the eventual process of improving the Union City schools. The results of the study show how states can help build strong systems of public education in cities throughout the country by committing to cultivating citizenship and promoting democratic participation.

Cuba’s Citizenship Education Model and Its Current Challenges

ABSTRACT Citizenship formation is the bedrock of Cuba’s national public education system. Built on ideals of active civic participation, formal citizenship education aims to prepare children and young people to contribute to Cuba’s ongoing socialist project. This paper draws on interview data, civic education textbook analysis, and current literature to outline Cuba’s historic vision for ideal citizenship as well as its current challenges. Cuba’s changing economic and political structures, including increased privatization, have widened socioeconomic gaps between citizens, uncovering inequalities that run contrary to egalitarianism. These contradictions pose challenges for young people who must weigh their personal needs—represented by individualism—against their civic duty—represented by collectivism. As teachers continue to leave the profession for more lucrative employment and as young people seek vocations that link them to higher wages rather than national service, schools will need to respond pragmatically to these growing civic tests of socialism.

Jumping into the virtual environment implications and possibilities for arts education

To start off this special issue on COVID-19 and K-12 arts education, this article places the impact of COVID-19 on public education into context, and drills down to how the pandemic affected the delivery of arts education. The article begins with an overview of the inequities revealed in our public education system by COVID-19. While many of these have been revealed and studied before, the pandemic brought them to the routine attention of the public in a way that earlier advocacy and research efforts have not. The article then addresses how these inequities have influenced the availability and quality of arts education offered during the pandemic, showcasing the continued “second class” status of arts education in public education planning and delivery. Finally, the article ends with some positive outcomes one year into the pandemic for arts education, suggesting possibilities for the future post pandemic, as well as implications and potential warning signs for the next 24 months to come.

Cultural sensitivity in brain death determination: a necessity in end-of-life decisions in Japan

BackgroundIn an increasingly globalized world, legal protocols related to health care that are both effective and culturally sensitive are paramount in providing excellent quality of care as well as protection for physicians tasked with decision making. Here, we analyze the current medicolegal status of brain death diagnosis with regard to end-of-life care in Japan, China, and South Korea from the perspectives of front-line health care workers.Main bodyJapan has legally wrestled with the concept of brain death for decades. An inability to declare brain death without consent from family coupled with cultural expectations of family involvement in medical care is mirrored in other Confucian-based cultures (China and South Korea) and may complicate care for patients from these countries when traveling or working overseas. Within Japan, China, and South Korea, medicolegal shortcomings in the diagnosis of brain death (and organ donation) act as a great source of stress for physicians and expose them to potential public and legal scorn. Here, we detail the medicolegal status of brain death diagnosis within Japan and compare it to China and South Korea to find common ground and elucidate the impact of legal ambiguity on health care workers.ConclusionThe Confucian cultural foundation of multiple Asian countries raises common issues of family involvement with diagnosis and cultural considerations that must be met. Leveraging public education systems may increase awareness of brain death issues and lead to evolving laws that clarify such end-of-life issues while protecting physicians from sociocultural backlash.

On processes of coloniality and decoloniality of knowledge: notions for analysing the international history of mathematics teaching

The aspiration of this paper is to develop a novel approach towards investigating the socio-political history of mathematics teaching in educational systems. Traditionally, historical studies are confined to just one country, the author’s country. Broader approaches address international developments by confronting and comparing global and local aspects—revealing general patterns and more specific ‘local’ structures and characteristics. Yet, already in antiquity and medieval times, the specific characteristic of mathematics teaching, namely to operate at the crossroads of general education and vocational training, proved to be intimately tied to the functioning of the particular political system. In pre-modern times, however, a truly international pattern emerged for the first time: European powers conquered, occupied and colonised overseas regions. Given that educational systems were emerging at the same time within these states, they often transmitted elements of these structures to their colonies. This phenomenon included mathematics, and the history of its teaching is analysed here as a part of coloniality. It is shown that this was not a uniform process, and the differences between the various colonial powers are discussed. The involvement of mathematics in the process of decolonisation is addressed, as well as its role in the tension between continued coloniality and movements of decoloniality. Finally, the general framework provided for studying socio-political processes connected with establishing mathematics teaching within public educational systems is applied, in order to analyse recent coloniality practices effected by international achievement studies.

The Advantages of Improving Students' Civic Literacy in Building a Democratic State Governed by the Rule of Law

The article is devoted to enlightening the current state, problems and some aspects of the development of these subjects in civil literacy of students in the system of public education in our country.

Survey on provincial disease prevention and control professionals' attitudes and cognition to public health physician standardized training in China

Objective: To understand the attitudes and cognition of disease control and prevention professionals at provincial level on public health physician standardized training and provide evidence for the improvement of the standardized training and exploration of more effective training mode in China. Methods: By cluster sampling, 2 193 professionals at provincial centers for disease control and prevention (CDC) in 6 provinces, including Jiangsu and Guangdong, Shanxi and Hubei,Sichuan and Xinjiang were selected as the study subjects, the sample size was estimated to be 1 933 persons. Results: A total of 1 716 provincial-level CDC professionals were surveyed, the support rate to the standardized training was 70.7%(1 213/1 716). The level of support was negatively associated with the educational level of professionals and their specialty of public health and preventive medicine. Of 875 public health and preventive medicine professionals, 61.6%(318/516) of those with master's degree or above supported the standard training for public health physicians, which was lower than 73.1%(225/308) of those with bachelor's degree and 86.3%(44/51) of those with college degree or below. There were 14.9%(232/1 555) of the respondents suggested a two year training, and 60.4%(933/1 544) suggesting a field training mode. In terms of training content, 86.6%(1 355/1 564) suggesting "epidemiological survey and public health practice", and 76.7%(1 199/1 564) suggesting "basic theories and methodology". Conclusions: In general, the professionals of provincial CDC showed a relatively low interest in the standardized training for public health physicians and failed to reach a consensus. Besides, they were ill-informed about current training duration, method and content. Thas, the professionals at provincial CDC are suggested to be the key target-population whom should be mobilized during the training pilot period, especially the highly educated ones with relevant specialties of public health. It is suggested that public health physician standardized training should to be implemented in whole CDC system to reach full consensus based on its practical achievements and effects. It is also suggested to establish public health graduate medical education system in China.

COMMANDMENTS OF PHYSICAL WELL-BEING IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF A PHYSICAL HEALTHY GENERATION

The article states that about health promotion, it is necessary to temper your body from childhood, to comply with the basic provisions and requirements of personal and public hygiene, and many other components of health. A special place in the structure of recreational activities carried out in the system of public education is occupied by the motor regime - physical culture, sports, active leisure

Factors influencing water consumption in public schools in Southern Brazil

The purpose of this research is to identify factors influencing water consumption in schools in the city of Joinville, Southern Brazil, in order to understand and monitor water consumption. Twenty-six (26) public elementary, middle, and high schools in the state public educational system were selected for this research study. Data were collected on water usage, through in situ water-related measurements and through questionnaires answered by the principals from each school. The collected data made it possible to characterize the schools and perform a preliminary diagnosis of water usage. Descriptive analysis of water consumption and per capita water consumption was performed. Average monthly water consumption was 111.45 m3/school/month, and the average per capita water consumption was 8.833 L/student/day. Multiple linear regression analysis was employed to forecast schools’ monthly water consumption. Correlation analysis and the stepwise method were used to choose the variables, and the results showed that the significant variables for monthly water consumption were the number of students and the number of toilets in use. These results contribute to understanding factors influencing the water consumption at schools, as there have been few studies performed regarding the subject on this typology of buildings. In addition, the results can be used to forecast and monitor consumption, contributing to water saving in the school environment.

District school officials of the Kazan Province in the school management system in the first half of the 19th century

The relevance of the problem under study is conditioned by the need to explore the bureaucracy of district schools in Kazan province during the first half of the XIXth century, making it possible to determine the contribution of the above officials to the development of public education. The article presents the conditions for implementing professional activities by staff caretakers and the analysis of staff caretaker’s duties and their financial competence, and the specifics of their position as civil servants in the public education system. The authors showed that the practical activity of the district schools, their financial well-being (in the form of additional contributions), and the management of the schools' entire economic part, reporting, depended on the personal qualities, abilities, and skills of a regular caretaker. The article examines conflict situations between the teachers of district schools, which became a characteristic phenomenon for the entire educational system in the first half of the XIXth century. The methods of their elimination by staff caretakers were also considered. Determination of the factors for establishing a staff caretaker institution and the principles of appointment to this position made it possible to identify his role in organizing the system of district schools in Kazan province during the first half of the XIXth century. The authors showed that the staff caretakers controlled almost all the activities of the Kazan province's district schools during the first half of the XIXth century, reporting, if necessary, about the shortcomings in their work to higher authorities.

Validating the Talent Management Model of Elementary School Teachers in the Formal and Public Education System of Iran Based on the Fundamental Reform Document of Education in the Islamic Republic of Iran

Validating the Talent Management Model of Elementary School Teachers in the Formal and Public Education System of Iran Based on the Fundamental Reform Document of Education in the Islamic Republic of Iran

The role of the administration of the Kazan Educational District in the school policy of tsarism in towards of muslim tatars (second half of the 19h – beginning of the 20th centuries)

The paper is devoted to the study of the Kazan school district administration activities during one of the key periods in the Russian state history: the period of its socio-economic and political transformation. Liberal reforms of Alexander I, conservative course of Alexander III, revolutionary events of the early 20th century: all the peripetias of these epochs are reflected in the autocracy's policy on Tatar-Muslim schooling. The authors of the paper revealed the historical circumstances concerning establishment of the Kazan educational district, demonstrate its structure and place in the hierarchy of public education system structures available in the Russian Empire, trace the evolution of its functions, goals and objectives in a close relationship with the socio-economic and political processes in the country. The multi-confessional and multi-ethnic character of the population of the educational district considered in the paper is underlined. The authors focus on the activities of the tutors of the Kazan school district, who not only implemented the policy of the autocracy regarding the school education of Tatars-Muslims, but also submitted proposals to the higher authorities to improve the above mentioned policy. The place and role of Tatar, Bashkir and Kirghiz school inspectors, directors of public schools, and other officials in the implementation of the school policy regarding Muslim peoples are thoroughly analysed. The authors' conclusions are based on extensive archival sources.

“I had to call them out on a very tight rope:” exercising voice with k-12 education colleagues to confront racial injustice

ABSTRACT This paper examines how educators in the U.S. public education system speak to their colleagues about racially oppressive beliefs and practices. Limited research exists that examines the experiences of educators who exercise voice to challenge and engage co-workers and supervisors around issues of racism in their schools. Using data from semi-structured interviews with 25 educators and a flexible coding approach, the authors found that participants described using cautious, covert, and indirect approaches with their White colleagues to increase the likelihood that their messages would be received and to decrease the personal and professional consequences they might face for openly challenging their colleagues’ racist beliefs or actions. This cautious approach serves to reinforce the dominance of Whiteness and White fragility in the context of anti-oppressive practice. Examples of an alternative to a cautious approach are presented and recommendations are made for future research and teacher education.

4차 산업혁명시대 음악교육의 가치요소에 관한 연구

The purpose of this study is to investigate the value elements of music subject education in the era of the 4th Industrial Revolution. For this purpose, the investigator first provided theoretical reviews about high technology, environment, content and methodology in addition to the values of education and those of music subject education serving as part of subject education in the public education system in the era of the 4th Industrial Revolution. Then the study discussed the components needed by the values of music subject education to generate its effects in the era of the 4th Industrial Revolution or their fundamental conditions as its value elements. After discussing what its value elements were, the study used the results to propose to discuss a convergence platform and innovative originality. In the era of the 4th Industrial Revolution, the music subject education can promote the convergence of human ideas and emotions including 3Rs, 4Cs, and six competencies through the material, tool or mechanism called music and offers a proper way to use it as a platform. The study thus developed the logic that a convergence platform was a value element of music subject education. Discussing innovative originality, the investigator mentioned innovative originality in the music subject education with the example of Big Data among the various high technologies in the era of the 4th Industrial Revolution. This developed into the logic that innovative originality was fit as a value element of music subject education, which implies the universality and educational suggestion of subjects based on the premise of their unique nature.

Patient-Planetary Health Co-benefit Prescribing: Emerging Considerations for Health Policy and Health Professional Practice.

In addition to the importance of fostering and developing measures for better health-system resilience globally from the effects of climate change, there have been increasing calls for health professionals, as well as public health and medical education systems, to become partners in climate change mitigation efforts. Direct clinical practice considerations, however, have not been adequately fostered equitably across all regions with an often-confusing array of practice areas within planetary health and sustainable healthcare. This article calls for a more coordinated effort within clinical practice spaces given the urgency of global environmental change, while also taking lessons from Indigenous traditional knowledge systems—a viewpoint that is rarely heard from or prioritized in public health or medicine. Simpler and more coordinated messaging in efforts to improve patient and planetary health are needed. The creation of unifying terminology within planetary health-rooted clinical and public health practice has been proposed with the potential to bring forth dialogue between and within disciplinary offshoots and public health advocacy efforts, and within clinical and health-system policy spaces.

이주배경 청소년의 차별 경험과 적응 과정에 관한 질적 분석

The purpose of this study is to explore how migrant adolescents recognize and overcome discrimination and social prejudice experienced in school and social adjustment process. In this study, in-depth interview data were collected for 19 youths from migrant backgrounds and analyzed based on Strauss and Corbin’s grounded theory approach. As a result, the study found 120 concepts, 17 categories and 42 subcategories derived through open, axial, and selective coding. The central phenomenon is ‘recognition of differences and experiences of discrimination’ and the core category is ‘having positive aspirations by overcoming negative environments’. ‘Multicultural environment change and migrant background’ works as a causal condition, and ‘social support and foreign language ability’ are found as intervening conditions. As a contextual condition in which discrimination experiences and adjustments take place, ‘entering public education system and the relationship with the mother country’ are derived. Migrant adolescents try to adapt to school and social life through various interaction strategies in order to respond to the central phenomenon.

How do teachers of mother tongue tuition in Austria perceive their role? Migration specific perspectives on teachers of migration languages within the Austrian public sector education system

How do teachers of mother tongue tuition in Austria perceive their role? Migration specific perspectives on teachers of migration languages within the Austrian public sector education system

Programa Saúde na Escola: O que revelam as produções científicas na área de educação?

Este artigo tem como objetivo analisar a produção científica sobre o Programa Saúde na Escola no período de 2014 a 2019, na área de educação. Para tanto, adotou-se pressupostos da pesquisa qualitativa. Quanto à abordagem, foram utilizados procedimentos metodológicos de pesquisa documental e bibliográfica, sobretudo por meio do Portal Capes e da plataforma Scielo. Os resultados mostraram duas teses e nove dissertações, classificadas por autor, instituição, ano de publicação, título da produção, bem como dois artigos científicos, classificados por autores, revista, ano de publicação, título de produção científica. A triangulação de dados levou em consideração os problemas de pesquisas estabelecidos pelos autores das produções científicas, o Decreto 6.286, de 5 de dezembro de 2007, que estabelece o Programa Saúde na Escola, e o aporte teórico. A partir do levantamento de teses e dissertações e de artigos científicos, percebeu-se o alcance das medidas educacionais tomadas pelo Estado brasileiro para promover a articulação intersetorial e universalizar o atendimento aos estudantes da rede escolar pública de educação básica por meio de ações de prevenção, promoção e atenção à saúde. Concluiu-se que as ações sugeridas nas pesquisas sobre o Programa Saúde na Escola podem contribuir para a formação integral e para a qualidade de vida do estudante, bem como pode colaborar com práticas de gestão que levem em consideração as potencialidades das ações intersetoriais previstas nesse programa. No entanto, esta investigação revelou a escassez de estudos científicos a respeito de pesquisas sobre as diferentes ações dispostas no Programa Saúde na Escola.