Factors influencing water consumption in public schools in Southern Brazil

Abstract

The purpose of this research is to identify factors influencing water consumption in schools in the city of Joinville, Southern Brazil, in order to understand and monitor water consumption. Twenty-six (26) public elementary, middle, and high schools in the state public educational system were selected for this research study. Data were collected on water usage, through in situ water-related measurements and through questionnaires answered by the principals from each school. The collected data made it possible to characterize the schools and perform a preliminary diagnosis of water usage. Descriptive analysis of water consumption and per capita water consumption was performed. Average monthly water consumption was 111.45 m3/school/month, and the average per capita water consumption was 8.833 L/student/day. Multiple linear regression analysis was employed to forecast schools’ monthly water consumption. Correlation analysis and the stepwise method were used to choose the variables, and the results showed that the significant variables for monthly water consumption were the number of students and the number of toilets in use. These results contribute to understanding factors influencing the water consumption at schools, as there have been few studies performed regarding the subject on this typology of buildings. In addition, the results can be used to forecast and monitor consumption, contributing to water saving in the school environment.