Public Distrust Research Articles

A Systematic Review of Knowledge and Perception Regarding Generic Medicines Among Indonesians

Generic medicines are a type of medicine with an official name that has been assigned to the efficacious substance it contains. Generic medicines have the same effectiveness as patented medicines. Many people think that generic medicines are of low quality, so they prefer branded generic medicines or patented medicines. This systematic review aims to report the results of a search for previously reviewed studies that focus on the level of public knowledge and perception of generic medicines. The research method used is a literature study method using journal data from the last 10 years. Journal collection was carried out by searching online journal databases indexed in Google Scholar, and PubMed using Mesh (Medical Subject Headings) with a focus on the keywords "knowledge", "perception", and "generic medicines". The results of this research are that the level of Indonesian people's knowledge of generic medicines is quite good but not evenly distributed, especially among groups of people who have a strong belief that cheap medicines are of lower quality. Acceptance of generic medicines tends to be higher in communities with higher levels of education. Communities with low socio-economic conditions generally have a low level of education so they tend to have greater distrust of generic medicines. This research concludes that it is important to provide information about generic medicines aggressively and continuously to the public to increase public trust in generic medicines. In addition, prescribing generic medicines by physicians is the main thing to eliminate public distrust about generic medicines.

Analisis Media Monitoring Terhadap Brand Hamlin Pada Bulan Maret 2024 Menurut Teori Evring Goffman

The fashion industry in 2024 will continue to develop along with developing trends, technology and consumer needs. The existence of the fashion industry as one of the largest industries in the world contributes to the Indonesian economy. In the Indonesian fashion industry, there are many local brands. One of them is the Hamlin brand. In mid-March 2024, Hamlin was hit by an issue of product counterfeiting. This issue prompted the author to carry out media monitoring to monitor and analyze updates related to conversations regarding the Hamlin brand, including specific, positive opinions and negative opinions that could affect the public's reputation and trust in the Hamlin brand. This research uses a descriptive qualitative approach. Research data was obtained from the results of analysis of reviews on several social media. Researchers also use secondary data in the form of journal articles, books and other literature on the internet. The theory used in this research is Erving Goffman's dramaturgical theory. The results of the analysis show that the issue of product counterfeiting involving the Hamlin Brand has significantly disrupted the brand's image and reputation. Hamlin Brand's ineffective response to this issue has exacerbated the situation and increased public doubt and distrust of the brand.

Fortifying Uzbekistan's integrity landscape: Harnessing India's tech-driven anti-corruption strategies

Corruption poses significant challenges to sustainable development and social justice in Uzbekistan. This paper explores how Uzbekistan can strengthen its anti-corruption framework by leveraging emerging technologies and drawing lessons from India's experience in using information and communication technology (ICT) to combat corruption. The study employs a qualitative research methodology, analysing data from government reports, case studies, and expert interviews to identify specific areas where Uzbekistan can learn from India's successes and challenges in applying ICT solutions. The findings highlight several key ways ICT can bolster anti-corruption efforts in Uzbekistan, such as increasing transparency through e-governance platforms, improving accountability via digital monitoring systems, and enabling citizen participation with online reporting tools. The paper provides concrete examples and data from India demonstrating how technologies like biometrics, blockchain, and data analytics have helped detect fraud, streamline bureaucratic processes, and empower citizens to report corruption. However, the research also reveals critical legal, institutional and cultural barriers Uzbekistan must address to effectively implement these tech-based approaches, such as outdated regulations, lack of technical expertise, and public distrust. Comparing India and Uzbekistan's contexts, the paper offers tailored recommendations for how Uzbekistan can adapt India's ICT models to overcome its unique constraints. The study concludes that while technology is not a panacea, strategically integrating ICT into Uzbekistan's anti-corruption arsenal – with insights from India's experience – can be a powerful tool to promote good governance, curb corruption, and ultimately advance social justice for citizens. More research is needed to assess the long-term impacts and scalability of specific ICT interventions.

Cross-sectional study: mindset towards Coronavirus in developing countries and lessons learned: the case of Sudan.

People's mindset towards COVID-19 in developing countries has an impact on how they perceive and react to the preventative measures taken by the governments to contain the virus. Understanding the factors influencing the mindset and identifying lessons learned amidst COVID-19 are critical to inform any future intervention strategy. This was a cross-sectional, community-based study conducted to assess the mindset changes and lessons learned post-COVID-19 in developing countries, focusing on Sudan. The study adopted a sequential mixed approach (SMA), combining qualitative and quantitative methods. The study used a structured questionnaire with 300 respondents and in-depth interviews with two experts. To identify the factors influencing the mindset of the people towards COVID-19, the study employed logistic regression. The data was analyzed using SPSS software. Of the total (N = 300) respondents, 59.0% are female, 59.3% are between the ages of 20 and 39, 79.7% have a university education, 25.3% have the Coronavirus, and 42.3% has their family or relative contracted the virus. Further, only 22.7% had taken the vaccine. Reasons for vaccine hesitancy include lack of trust (29.5%), fear of side effects (24.1%), and absence of the need to travel outside the country (25.5%). When the virus first appeared, 77.3% thought it posed a health risk, while 22.7% perceived it as a hoax or conspiracy. After 3 years, 73% still regarded it as a health threat, while 27% believed it was a hoax or conspiracy. The mindset was found to be influenced by age, history of the disease, the extent of trust in foreign media coverage, and the belief in the effectiveness of the vaccination. Assessing the mindset towards the virus and identifying the lessons learned from the pandemic could be of vital importance to control the spread of the virus in developing countries. Making use of such lessons and influencing the mindset of the people towards positive attitudes and behaviours are required to enhance the effectiveness of the health precaution measures adopted. Further research is required on the public's mistrust of foreign media coverage and the contribution of local media to educate the public about the virus, particularly among the elderly.

Institutional distrust trap: an analysis of the effect of public distrust in the Nigeria Police Force

ABSTRACT This article explores an effect of distrust of the police – unwillingness to rely on them for security and justice – on policing dynamics in contemporary Nigeria using a qualitative research design. It argues that policing according to formal prescriptions such as the Criminal Procedure Act is virtually impossible in contemporary Nigeria because of this pervasive public distrust. At the same time, police officers resort to informal processes that further undermine public trust in the criminal justice system and create a self-defeating cycle that allows many to justify support for or active participation in illegal forms of crime control, including lynching by mobs and extra-legal killing by security forces. This proposition is significant for policing studies in two ways. Firstly, it suggests a trust threshold that, when breached, leads to policing collapse. Despite widespread distrust, many police forces maintain order. Secondly, it reveals how distrust perpetuates itself, even amid attempts at reform in various countries.

｢경찰관직무집행법｣ 제11조의5 물리력 사용 경찰관의 형사책임 감면조항의 타당성에 관한 연구

Public distrust of police grew over two police officers’ poor response to an attempted murder case in Incheon, Korea on November 15, 2021. The incident resulted in a public outcry for police reform and measures to address police incompetence as a female officer left the crime scene while a victim was stabbed in her neck. After the incident, the Korean National Police Agency initiated a revision to the Act of the Performance of Duties by Police Officers on the ground that the potential for criminal liability from use of police force is a primary obstacle to officers’ proactive law enforcement in the field. As the National Assembly approved the revision, police officers can be immune to criminal liability or their liability can be mitigated when they meet the requirements in the immunity clause. Nevertheless, the legislation faces strong opposition as it fails to adopt the concept of objectively reasonable mistakes in use of police force situations. In this regard, the current study critically reviewed the adequacy of the immunity clause within the context of legal nature of police force, police use of force standards as well as immunity to criminal liability clauses in 41 states in the United States of America. The present study proposed several policy implications for proper use of police force including the revision of the current immunity clause, changes in police officers’ weapon carrying systems and police officer requalification systems.

Integrating autonomy in public health messaging

The COVID-19 pandemic and related rise of public distrust has called personal autonomy in health messaging into question, drawing attention to two competing forms of health messaging—communicating to persuade versus to inform. Communicating to persuade utilizes marketing techniques to promote behavior change whereas communicating to inform focuses on providing information to facilitate informed decision-making. Communicating to inform is supported by Self-Determination Theory (SDT), which posits that autonomy, coupled with competence and relatedness, is a basic psychological need, relevant to making health-decisions and maintaining behavior change. This study aims to assess the above mentioned dynamics of SDT in health messaging through the development of an autonomous scale and assessment criteria. The purpose of the scale is to guide the development of health messaging that aims to communicate to inform (autonomy-enhancing) rather than communicating to persuade or coerce the audience into adopting a specific health behavior (autonomy-diminishing). The results of the study suggest that individual perception of autonomy in health messaging is influenced by a variety of factors. As such, the criteria outlined in this scale can be used as a guide to develop health messaging that purposefully integrates and supports autonomy-enhancing principles.

‘Are you vaccinated? Yeah, I’m immunized': a risk orders theory analysis of celebrity COVID-19 misinformation

ABSTRACT Background On 11 March 2020, COVID-19 was declared a global health pandemic by the World Health Organization (WHO). Vaccinating populations is paramount in changing the course of a pandemic. The rapid spread of (mis) and disinformation online from celebrities, politicians, and media influencers creates a corrosion of trust in public health interventions. Methods Given the importance of the spread of information during a public health crisis, the current study uses risk orders theory with a constructivist grounded theory approach to analyze an episode of a popular podcast available on YouTube, titled, ‘Aaron Rodgers Tells Pat McAfee His Side of Vaccine Situation.’ Results Findings illuminated three themes concerning COVID-19 medical interventions from celebrity discourse: (1) misinterpreting medical terminology; (2) conflating bodily autonomy and altruism; and (3) political ideology as an impetus for misinformation. Conclusions The discussion offers implications for healthcare practitioners in debunking mis- and disinformation. Foremost, lack of transparency concerning autonomy, liberty, freedom, and choice from public health experts who design messages during a public health crisis creates a space for non-medical influencers to promote pseudoscience, misinformation, and disinformation. This leads to public distrust of medical experts and confuses the public’s understanding of best practices based upon standard of medical evidence and care.

'All I do is fight fires': Qualitative exploration of UK veterinarians' attitudes towards and experiences of pre-purchase consultations regarding brachycephalic dogs.

Demand for brachycephalic dogs has dramatically increased over the past decade, despite growing evidence of strong associations between brachycephaly and severe, chronic disease. Positive post-purchase attitudes of owners towards brachycephalic dogs are highly intractable, facilitated by normalisation of breed-related disease and strong dog-owner bonds. Veterinarian-led pre-purchase consultations (PPCs) have been promoted as an opportunity to influence acquisition decisions regarding brachycephalic dogs. Using reflexive thematic analysis, this qualitative study investigated veterinarians' attitudes towards, and experiences of, engaging in PPCs for brachycephalic dogs. Veterinarians described significant structural barriers, such as lack of time and staff, and perceptual barriers, such as perceived futility, negative outcomes of PPCs and public distrust in the profession, that combine to inhibit many veterinarians from offering or delivering brachycephalic PPCs. Some of these barriers are intractable at an individual-veterinarian level and lead to moral distress due to conflicts between veterinarians' responsibilities to animal welfare versus clients' and business needs, with resultant censorship of authentic views on brachycephalic ownership compromising professional integrity and autonomy. Wider views and/or experiences may exist outside of the sampled population. Stronger veterinary leadership, including from the RCVS, BVA and veterinary corporates, is now urgently required to build profession-wide solutions that overcome the barriers identified to create public-facing consensus and innovative solutions to the 'brachycephalic crisis'.

THE PSYCHOLOGY OF THE HUMAN BRAIN ALONG WITH THE EFFECTS OF GENETICALLY MODIFIED FOODS

Genetically modified organisms (GMOs) have sparked widespread controversy, with public apprehensions surrounding their safety and effects. This paper delves into the psychology of the human brain concerning GMOs and their impact. It highlights that while scientific research overwhelmingly supports the safety of GMO foods, public perception remains wary, driven by psychological factors. Human psychology often leads to irrational fears, misinformation, and the politicization of science, contributing to public distrust of GMOs. Understanding these psychological aspects is crucial to addressing misconceptions and fostering informed discussions. This study underscores the significance of comprehending human psychology in the context of contemporary issues like GMOs, shedding light on the complexities that shape public opinion.

Vaccine Hesitancy and Public Mistrust during Pandemic Decline: Findings from 2021 and 2023 Cross-Sectional Surveys in Northern Italy.

This study examines vaccine agreements in South Tyrol, Italy, within distinct socio-cultural and linguistic contexts. Using data from the 2021 and 2023 "COVID-19 Snapshot Monitoring" extended surveys, we assessed changes in attitudes towards COVID-19 and other vaccinations during the second and final years of the pandemic. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to examine factors such as trust in institutions, language groups, and the use of complementary and alternative medicine. The representativeness of the study is supported by good participation rates, ensuring a comprehensive view of attitudes towards vaccination in the region. The results show a shift in public agreement with the national vaccination plan to 64% by 2023, from a rate of about 73% agreement in 2021 (p < 0.001). A significant decrease in trust in health authorities and a negative correlation with complementary and alternative medicine consultations were observed. The results highlight the complex nature of vaccine hesitancy in diverse regions such as South Tyrol and underline the need for targeted communication strategies and trust-building initiatives to effectively reduce hesitancy. This study provides critical insights for the formulation of public health strategies in diverse sociocultural settings.

The worldview influence on the internal beliefs of law enforcement agents in the context of exercising their discretionary powers

Despite many years of attempts by scholars and practitioners to determine the reason for the extremely low level of public trust in the judiciary and law enforcement agencies in Ukraine and ways to strengthen it, this level is still critical, and therefore there is a need to identify new ways to overcome such a crisis. Seeing such public distrust in the legal right of procedural decision-makers to make decisions based on their internal conviction, the study aims to review and analyse the scientific developments in the field of procedural decision-making by law enforcement agencies based on their internal conviction and to identify the factors which influence such conviction. Analysis, synthesis, and generalisation methods were used in the study of the outlined issues, which were used to process the bibliography of the issues, whereas deductive logical analysis, inductive generalisation and analogy were used to substantiate the results and formulate the conclusions of the study. Based on the study results, it is established that scholars have studied the concepts of worldview and internal conviction of procedural decision-makers separately. It is proved that any internal conviction is based primarily on a personʼs values and worldview orientations which are formed throughout life, primarily in childhood and adolescence. Regardless of the position held by a person, when faced with a problem in professional activity on which the law enforcement entity has already formed an opinion, the latter may make a procedural decision contrary to the actual circumstances of the case and the evidence available in it. The practical significance of this study is that the results obtained may become the basis for changes in the current legislation on the assessment of candidates for positions with discretionary powers, which involves focusing on their value beliefs and worldview

The conflict issue of the use of firearms by employees of the National Police of Ukraine

The article discusses some aspects and issues of the use of firearms by employees of the National Police of Ukraine, during the performance of their official duties and powers, in all cases related to shooting. According to the current legislation, the use of firearms is one of the most severe coercive measures, and may be used in exceptional cases, which is specified in the provisions of the Law of Ukraine “On the National Police”. The law ensures, first of all, the personal safety of the police officer. Secondly, the safety of other citizens, which is one of the priority values in the life and activities of the National Police of Ukraine. However, not in all cases the use of weapons by the police in their activities is legal, effective, proportionate and necessary. In order to use a firearm, a police officer must possess not only tactical training and knowledge of the use of firearms, but also psychological stability and preparedness, which has a direct impact on the policemen’s performance of their functional duties. It should be noted that an equally important criterion for the use of firearms is knowledge of the current legislation, according to which a police officer has the right to use a weapon. In our opinion, there are several main problems with the use of firearms: lack of training and accountability, i.e. insufficient training in the proper use of firearms and a lack of rigorous evaluation or inspections can lead to accidental shootings, abuse of force and a general lack of professionalism in the handling of firearms. Political Polarization and Conflict: Since 2014, Ukraine has experienced a period of political instability and conflict, ongoing conflict with Russia, and internal divisions. This further complicates the issue as firearms can be seen as weapons of political power or potential tools for those advocating separatism or other political agendas. Culture and historical context: Ukraine has a long history of firearms ownership and a strong gun culture, meaning that many citizens own guns. This can complicate the situation when it comes to regulating the use of firearms by the police, as there may be resistance or resistance from those who perceive it as a limitation of their rights. Public mistrust: There is a significant level of public mistrust of the police in Ukraine. This lack of trust could be exacerbated if the use of firearms by police is not properly regulated and monitored, potentially leading to further deterioration of community-police relations.

Trust norms for generative AI data gathering in the African context

Abstract Can trust norms within the African moral system support data gathering for Generative AI (GenAI) development in African society? Recent developments in the field of large language models, such as GenAI, including models like ChatGPT and Midjourney, have identified a common issue with these GenAI models known as “AI hallucination,” which involves the presentation of misinformation as facts along with its potential downside of facilitating public distrust in AI performance. In the African context, this paper frames unsupportive data-gathering norms as a contributory factor to issues such as AI hallucination and investigates the following claims. First, this paper explores the claim that knowledge in the African context exists in both esoteric and exoteric forms, incorporating such diverse knowledge as data could imply that a GenAI tailored for Africa may have unlimited accessibility across all contexts. Second, this paper acknowledges the formidable challenge of amassing a substantial volume of data, which encompasses esoteric information, requisite for the development of a GenAI model, positing that the establishment of a foundational framework for data collection, rooted in trust norms that is culturally resonant, has the potential to engender trust dynamics between data providers and collectors. Lastly, this paper recommends that trust norms in the African context require recalibration to align with contemporary social progress, while preserving their core values, to accommodate innovative data-gathering methodologies for a GenAI tailored to the African setting. This paper contributes to how trust culture within the African context, particularly in the domain of GenAI for African society, propels the development of Afro-AI technologies.

The Legislative Function of the House of Representatives to Prevent and Eradicate of Corruption

&lt;em&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US"&gt;The &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US"&gt;House of Representatives through its legislative function can renew or replace the existing Law on the eradication of corruption with a new Law on the prevention and eradication of corruption that is effective and radical in preventing and eradicating corruption. The establishment of laws to prevent and eradicate corruption is a mandate of the people that must be realized by the House of Representatives through the legislative function, in order to realize the welfare and intellectual life of the nation, while law enforcement officials are unable to prevent and eradicate corruption completely, due to the principle of legality and the mentality of law enforcement officials. Legally, preventing and eradicating corruption must have a legal basis that is made and stipulated by the House of Representatives together with the President. The establishment of the Law on the prevention and eradication of corruption must be able to ensnare the perpetrators (corruption) and cause a long-term deterrent effect and potential perpetrators (corruptors) who want to commit corruption crimes think long to commit corruption crimes (deterrent effect). If this legislative function is not used to form effective and radical corruption prevention and eradication laws, it will lead to public distrust of the House of Representatives. This can lead to an increase in the crime of corruption in the management of state finances.&lt;/span&gt;

Melacak Integritas Reformasi Antikorupsi di Pengadilan Negeri

Corruption is a serious threat to the integrity and effectiveness of law enforcement institutions, including district courts. In this context, this article aims to examine the journey of anti-corruption reform in district court institutions, with a focus on efforts to improve internal integrity and reduce corrupt practices involving district court personnel. This research aims to track the development and efforts of anti-corruption reform within the district courts, as well as identifying the factors that influence the success or failure of these reforms. This article is descriptive research using qualitative methods. The main data sources are interviews with district court officials and related stakeholders. In his role as a judge at the Rangkasbitung Class II District Court, integrity and fairness in the judicial system are highly upheld, especially amidst the rise of unscrupulous individuals and mafias in the judiciary. The Supreme Court's big mission is to create a great judiciary through accreditation programs, integrity zones, and efforts to fight corruption. Crime involves various elements, from investigation to trial. The accelerated case resolution program and transparent public services are innovations of the Supreme Court. In an era of uncertainty and public distrust of law enforcement, justice becomes subjective and cannot always meet the expectations of all parties. Improving quality and accelerating case resolution is the focus, while ensuring quality decisions. A quality court representative is important and something to be proud of. Justice remains relative and cannot be measured consistently for each individual.

The Communication Crisis of Restoring the Reputation of Indonesian National Police Post the Murder of Brigadier Josua on Online Media.

Crisis communication is a strategy for managing crisis situations through the process of sending and receiving information during or after a crisis event with the aim of managing the situation, minimizing damage, and ensuring the safety of the people involved, or victims. The leadership of the National Police institution has an important role in carrying out crisis communications as a communicator in improving the organization's reputation. The scandal, which was not carried out institutionally, but involved the involvement of high-ranking police officials and a number of other police officers, caused the reputation of the police organization to experience the threat of a crisis of public distrust. Law enforcement agencies that are actually faced with violations of the law are demanded by both the families of victims and the public that police agencies prioritize transparency, accountability and justice in resolving cases. The three stages of the press conference as a form of conveying the National Police Chief's crisis communication were chosen for analysis, namely the press conference held on August 4, 9 and 25 2022. Based on the content analysis, it was concluded that the most highlighted messages were relevant messages, messages emphasizing credibility, and statements. ongoing process. Meanwhile, the Timely message and messages of empathy for victims were not highlighted in the National Police Chief's press conference to show that empathy is an important thing in the National Police Chief's crisis message.

Trust Studies of Zakat Institutions: A Systematic Review for Future Research Direction

This study systematically reviewed the literature on trust-related publications in zakat institutions. This study revealed the development of the study of trust in zakat institutions, the thematic classification of the study, and discussions on the direction of future research development. This study adopted the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) system in screening the articles that were the subject of the study. From 415 zakat study documents indexed by the Scopus database, this study selects all articles and leaves 24 studies that make trust in zakat institutions the primary study material.The results show an increasing trend in the number of publications discussing trust in zakat institutions in recent years. This study also classified the findings from empirical research and conceptual models in the factors that shape trust in zakat institutions and the influence of faith on zakat behavior. This study also mapped out qualitative study findings that explain the sources of public distrust of zakat institutions and the solutions offered. This research is a pioneer in the discussion of literature systematically related to the research of trust in zakat institutions. This study also discussed potential research develop a survey of trust in zakat institutions.

Eradicating a Culture of Public Mistrust in TVET College Education in South Africa: A Manifesto for the Sector’s Sustainability Ahead of 4IR

The consumption of technical and vocational education and training has increased exponentially over the past two decades. In terms of inclusion, it is without a doubt that today’s TVET sector is a far cry from what it was before the democratic government took over the baton from the apartheid government. TVET has become a refuge to many hopefuls from the historically disadvantaged sectors of society who, due to a range of apparent reasons, would ordinarily not have managed to partake in tertiary education. To many South African youth, TVET presents an avenue for the acquisition of a skill that will give them a fighting chance at escaping the harsh recurrence of poverty, economic inactivity and resource deprivation they are subjected to almost on a daily basis. However, beneath this silver lining lies a growing public disgruntlement over the TVET system’s ability to steadfastly deliver quality education and transform the lives of students, by instilling in them agency for self-regulated and collaborative innovation that will turn them into formidable and assertive role players in the knowledge societies, come the fourth industrial revolution (4IR). To understand the crux of public mistrust in TVET college education in South Africa, an extensive body of literature was reviewed. The findings of the paper point to strategic factors (which in the main are attributed to a lack of effective leadership and managerial skills) and contextual factors that occur at a campus level, as major causes of public mistrust in TVET education. The paper concludes by tabling a manifesto for changing the status quo ahead of the advent of 4IR.

Towards Legal Regulations of Generative AI in the Creative Industry

Objective: this article aims to answer the following questions: 1. Can generative artificial intelligence be a subject of copyright law? 2. What risks the unregulated use of generative artificial intelligence systems can cause? 3. What legal gaps should be filled in to minimize such risks?Methods: comparative legal analysis, sociological method, concrete sociological method, quantitative data analysis, qualitative data analysis, statistical analysis, case study, induction, deduction.Results: the authors identified several risks of the unregulated usage of generative artificial intelligence in the creative industry, among which are: violation of copyright and labor law, violation of consumers rights and the rise of public distrust in government. They suggest that a prompt development of new legal norms can minimize these risks. In conclusion, the article constants that states have already begun to realize that the negative impact of generative artificial intelligence on the creative industry must not be ignored, hence the development of similar legal regulations in states with completely different regimes.Scientific novelty: the article provides a comprehensive study of the impact of generative artificial intelligence on the creative industry from two perspectives: the perspective of law and the perspective of the industry. The empirical basis of it consists of two international surveys and an expert opinion of a representative of the industry. This approach allowed the authors to improve the objectivity of their research and to obtain results that can be used for finding a practical solution for the identified risks. The problem of the ongoing development and popularization of generative artificial intelligence systems goes beyond the question “who is the author?” therefore, it needs to be solved by introduction of other than the already existing mechanisms and regulations - this point of view is supported not only by the results of the surveys but also by the analysis of current lawsuits against developers of generative artificial intelligence systems.Practical significance: the obtained results can be used to fasten the development of universal legal rules, regulations, instruments and standards, the current lack of which poses a threat not only to human rights, but also to several sectors within the creative industry and beyond.