Public Cooperation Research Articles

다중운집행사시 민간경비 활용의 발전 방안 연구

This study sought to promote the safety of citizens by seeking ways to utilize private security during the multi-cloud execution event. On October 29th, a disaster occurred in Itaewon. In order to prevent the recurrence of such a disaster, the domestic security environment was illuminated, and it was confirmed that large and small changes such as office reorganization according to the self-governing police system, reduction and abolition of riot police, and changes in security demand in the metropolitan area generally resulted in changes in manpower. In order to propose private-police cooperation as a countermeasure, we investigated cases of cooperation in public security overseas and tried to link the results with the domestic security situation. The situation of public security cooperation in France, Japan, Germany, the United States, and Australia was explored, focusing on themes such as multi-group events, private security, and security assistants. Based on the review results, it was proposed to expand the operation of public security assistants, establish a new provision for congestion guard work, check event safety management guidelines, and establish a communication system for public-private cooperation.

Советский геополитический проект в МНР и проблемы демографии в середине 1920-х – начале 1940-х гг.

Introduction. The Soviet-Mongolian public health cooperation was a major component of the Soviet project (with geopolitical motives) aimed at modernizing the nomadic society. The Soviet shaping of Mongolia’s public health institutions not only yielded an efficient tool of soft power and neutralized competition from other medical systems, but also set the stage for the country’s demographic well-being in subsequent periods. Goals. The article aims at highlighting some pivotal points of medical efforts undertaken to improve the MPR’s demographic situation in the 1920s to 1940s. Materials and methods. The study analyzes documents housed at the State Archive of the Russian Federation and the Russian State Archive of Sociopolitical History, examines some unpublished dissertations authored by Mongolian and Russian physicians. The employed research methods include the retrospective, comparative, and geopolitical ones. Results. In the 1920s to 1940s, the key problems of Mongolia’s demography were social diseases, primarily syphilis and gonorrhea, that reduced reproductive capacities and caused increased infant mortality, these having been aggravated by traditional obstetric practices and unsanitary conditions of nomadic life. The former were adversely affecting the entire course of socialist modernization and hindering socioeconomic development of the nation. The anti-venereal disease campaign, establishment of maternity and child health services, development of pre-schools, and health education for women laid the early groundwork for a dramatic health transition. Conclusions. The efforts of Soviet physicians at earliest stages of the MPR’s healthcare system development ensured the growth of demographic indicators in the 1940s–1960s, namely: a two-fold decrease in infant mortality paralleled by increased birth rates, and a population growth of 60 %. So, all that served a basis for the comprehensive implementation of Mongolia’s socialist modernization project, which had geopolitical significance both for the Soviets and the MPR, the latter to have become a full member of the UN and the CMEA after 1961.

A policy approach for sustainable governance of sand mining activities in NW Kashmir Himalayas

Sustainability in river bed mining is emerging as a sensible yet unexplored area of research. This study assessed the socio-economic and environmental implications of mining operations in the River Jhelum of North-Western Kashmir Himalaya. To achieve the objectives of the study, surveys, focal group discussions, and questionnaires were used. Further, the high-resolution Google Earth imagery was used to monitor the distribution of mining boats correlated with extensive field-based surveys along a stretch of 150 km of Jhelum River. Manual counting from satellite data depicted that 2976 mining boats are currently operating in river Jhelum from the stretch between Khanabal to Boniyar involving manpower of about 17856 persons. The results indicated that ∼2273662.74 metric tonnes of sand are extracted from river Jhelum annually. Socio-economic analysis revealed that sand mining serves as a source of livelihood to ∼20000 families. Surveys and visual observations at mining sites revealed that the rampant riparian zone and mushrooming of in-stream mining activities have impacted river health causing erosion of river banks, flood plains, and pollution of the river ecosystem. This study offers a policy approach for sustainable governance of sand mining activities that pledge environmental protection with minimum regulatory costs and high levels of public cooperation.

Rethinking “Live”: Creative Practice of Art Exhibitions in the Post-Pandemic

Exhibiting is a method of sociological practice that has been widely concerned and discussed following the COVID-19 pandemic. The reason for this is that exhibitions have the potential to create “live” public encounters. Creative dialogue and collaboration can provide people with great psychological support, particularly during restricted movement. At the same time, exhibitions are about caring and gently relieving anxious minds, and art has great cultural resilience in times of crisis. From a practical perspective, museum or gallery practitioner all over the world create discourse spaces through online platforms. In addition, new curation methods based on public participation and community cooperation models have increased in the three years since the coronavirus outbreak. Therefore, this paper explores how art museums can innovate after suffering abnormal losses and discusses how art exhibitions in the post-pandemic era can establish “live” public encounters. From the specific perspectives of the innovation of online platforms and the construction of daily space, how exhibitions reflexively construct “live” in curating practice regarding creative cooperation, publicness, and other related issues will be analyzed. The author thinks that combining the flexibility an online platform provides and the sensitivity of physical space to create a creatively engaging exhibition in a limited community can help the public establish “cultural resilience” for navigating through times of uncertainty and rapid change.

Information Trust Falls: The Role of Social Networks and Information During the COVID-19 Pandemic Among Suburbanites

Public cooperation with health experts and authorities plays a critical role in curbing the spread of disease during outbreaks such as the COVID-19 pandemic. Through data collected using mixed methods in May and June of 2020, we investigate the influence of information from horizontal and vertical ties on the likelihood that individuals would practice safe and healthy behavior. We look at actions such as staying home, wearing personal protective equipment, and increased handwashing in two northeastern U.S. metro areas. Controlling for factors thought critical in previous studies, our analysis of more than eight hundred survey responses and more than sixty interviews finds that reliance on information from horizontal and vertical ties correlates significantly with behaviors designed to curb the spread of the virus.

Developing an international public health cooperation mechanism for the cruise industry

The cruise industry has suffered heavy setbacks owing to the COVID-19 pandemic outbreak. Domestic and global pandemic control measures—involving rules varying across countries as well as distinct legal systems—were escalated. We aimed to illustrate the need to establish a public health cooperation mechanism for the cruise industry. First, we analyzed the legal dilemma pertaining to pandemic prevention and control in cooperative situations; namely, the legal loopholes in the prevention, control, and rescue of cruise ships. Second, we focused on international collaboration during cruise ship rescues amid the pandemic, exploring solutions for current industry problems. Third, by analyzing Chinese practices in cruise-related areas, this paper guides the development of a public health cooperation mechanism for the cruise industry. In sum, we call upon the international community to develop such a mechanism within the scope of international law in terms of public health security and pandemic prevention. Research methodology: This is a practical research paper. Per our analysis of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea and International Health Regulations of the World Health Organization, we studied the global legal issues pertaining to cruise epidemic prevention and control by sorting out legal regulations. We conclude that an international cooperation mechanism for cruise epidemic prevention and control should be established to ensure the cruise industry’s sustainable development.

Simbiosis Mutualisme Media Massa dan Terorisme: Sebuah Analisis Kebijakan Pemerintah RI Melawan Terorisme

Terrorism is the enemy of humanity, nation and state in Indonesia. The rapid change and revolution in the world of technology, information, and communication is believed to be the biggest cause of the growth and development of terrorist ideologies. The majority of the mass and digital media on the other hand stand in the lap of capitalists who take advantage of the news of world terrorism, like a symbiosis of mutualism. The research focuses on the phenomenon of the relationship between mass and digital media and terrorism, as well as reading the steps of the Indonesian government in minimizing the spread of information and negative content of terrorism targeting the younger generation in Indonesia through social media. This research is a qualitative model with a content analysis approach and research data is obtained from various mass and digital media platforms, books, and reputable journals. The research concludes that the Indonesian government needs public cooperation, including mass and digital media, in an effort to minimize the spread of ideology and acts of terrorism in the digital realm. The notion of terrorism has infiltrated the younger generation through social media, so digital media literacy is considered a powerful weapon for the government to fight negative narratives targeting the millennial generation for the purpose of the ideological nation, recruitment, and acts of terror by terrorist organizations. In addition, it is necessary to create positive and soothing content as a resistance to transnational movements that differ in vision and mission from the ideology of the Indonesian state and society simultaneously and massively.

The COVID-19 Pandemic Response and Its Impact on Post-Corona Health Emergency and Disaster Risk Management in Iran

This paper examines the COVID-19 pandemic response in Iran and offers speculations on the possible impact of its experience on the future response to other health emergencies and disaster risk management based on the lessons learned. The COVID-19 experience in Iran is unique in several aspects, including the significant role played by the healthcare workers’ sharing and exchange of information through Internet-based networking applications, and a sociocultural environment that was weakening public trust and cooperation in the use of preventive strategies such as less than the optimum wearing of face masks and attending large social gatherings. There was also hesitation in receiving the necessary vaccine doses due to public skepticism over the effectiveness of domestic COVID-19 vaccines. Furthermore, healthcare workers and health services were afflicted with a lack of sufficient manpower and material resources to fight the pandemic. Moreover, a strong and mostly negative influence of political agenda and religious influence on preventive health policies, especially an initial governmental ban on the import and use of Western vaccines and the pressure to hold religious festivals during the outbreaks, were prevalent. The lessons that can be learned from this ongoing crisis include the value of independent healthcare information networks, transparency in the communication of health information to the public to get their trust and cooperation, and an emphasis on the separation of health policies from political and religious interference.

‘Channel shift’: Technologically mediated policing and procedural justice

In recent years, police forces in the United Kingdom have introduced various technologies that alter the methods by which they interact with the public. In a parallel development, many forces have also begun to embrace the concept of procedural justice as a method through which to secure legitimacy and (in turn) public compliance and cooperation. What has not received sufficient attention, within policing or academia, is the extent to which these two trends are compatible, with the procedural justice literature still predicated on an assumption that police–public ‘contacts’ or ‘encounters’ are in-person. The effect of technologically mediating police–public contacts on ‘policing by consent’, is therefore unknown. In this article, we focus specifically on the possible implications of the Single Online Home (SOH) (a portal through which the public can report crime, get updates on cases, give feedback and pay fines, among other things, which is currently being rolled out across forces), considering ‘interactions’ between police and public where there is no physical co-presence. Noting the unique context that is policing, we draw on the limited existing research on procedural justice encounters in technologically mediated contexts to explore whether procedural justice theory is ‘future-proof’ for a policing context increasingly reliant on such encounters. We conclude that, through empirical research, we must update our conceptual understanding of what ‘contact’ can mean, and accept that current developments may in fact be transforming relationships rather than simply facilitating existing ones.

A game theoretical model for the stimulation of public cooperation in environmental collaborative governance.

Digital technologies provide a convenient way for the public to participate in environmental governance. Therefore, by means of a two-stage evolutionary model, a new mechanism for promoting public cooperation is proposed to accomplish environmental collaborative governance. Interactive effects of government-enterprise environmental governance are firstly explored, which is the external atmosphere for public behaviour. Second, the evolutionary dynamics of public behaviour is analysed to reveal the internal mechanism of the emergence of public cooperation in environmental collaborative governance projects. Simulations reveal that the interaction of resource elements between government and enterprise is an important basis for environmental governance performance, and that governments can improve this as well as public cooperation by increasing the marginal governance propensity. Similarly, an increase in the government's fixed expenditure item of environmental governance can also significantly improve government-enterprise performance and public cooperation. And finally, the effect of government's marginal incentive propensity on public environmental governance is moderated by enterprises' marginal environmental governance propensity, so that simply increasing the government's marginal incentive propensity cannot improve the evolutionary stable state of public behaviour under the scenario where enterprises' marginal environmental governance propensity is low.

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Abstract. Introduction. In the conditions of the transformation processes taking place in Ukraine, the issue of managing the development of tourist and hotel enterprises in the newly created united territorial communities requires special attention. This requires the construction of new effective principles of cooperation between state bodies and private entrepreneurship. Purpose. The purpose of the article is to determine the expediency of developing strategic priorities for the development of tourism and hotel entrepreneurship at the regional level, to substantiate the prospects for its development in conditions of decentralization. Results. The state and expediency of developing a management strategy for tourist and hotel enterprises are analyzed. The system of strategic management of the enterprise includes strategic management of marketing, finance, production, innovative activities and personnel. The system allows to generalize, process and analyze the information coming from the main functional subsystems of enterprise management. The lack of strategy implementation by one of the subsystems of the strategic management system negatively affects others. In order to build an effective and effective development strategy, it is necessary to determine which aspects and features need to be developed, and which are better to abandon or reduce their negative impact on the general activity of the enterprise. The main problems of the tourism industry are highlighted depending on the level of management: regional, state and international. The expediency of creating tourist clusters in Ukraine is considered in view of increasing the competitiveness of Ukrainian tourist and hotel services on the world market. The complex combination of natural and recreational resources, cultural and historical objects constitutes a real potential for the development of competitive tourist clusters in the regions of Ukraine. The creation of regional clusters will contribute to the growth of the economic activity of small and medium-sized businesses. Conclusions. In our opinion, it is appropriate to develop an alternative model of strategic management of tourism development, which is able to combine elements of domestic state regulation of the industry, as well as the experience of other European countries, which attach great importance to public initiative management and cooperation with private entities of the tourism industry.

3.F. Round table: Better DiPH – To plan, implement, evaluate, and the future of digital public health interventions

Abstract The potential of digital technology for improving the health of individuals, communities, and populations is unprecedented. Technological advancements empower individuals to engage in self-monitoring and self-management of their chronic conditions or health and well-being. There is an unparalleled opportunity to reform prevention, health promotion, and healthcare services with lower cost and better reach and accessibility. However, health technologies are often developed without supportive evidence or a user-centred design. This leads to a lack of long-term user engagement in digital public health interventions. Our workshop aims to facilitate a mutual understanding of the specific properties of digital public health tools by creating a space for discussing the various perspectives of such technologies. We want to start a conversation of essential steps for conceptualising, implementing, and evaluating needs-based and society-centred digital public health interventions to improve the acceptability and sustainability of such interventions in users. The workshop will address digital public health tools on different steps and describe the progression as an iterative approach to highlight where these aspects are linked. The first speaker will provide a theory-guided overview of digitalisation in health to create a shared understanding of the terminology for the workshop. This includes the differentiation between digital health and digital public health. The talk will highlight the importance of digital tools for surveillance, monitoring, healthcare, health promotion, and their significant meaning for society. Following this input, the other panellists will guide us through different aspects of digital public health tools: The second speaker will discuss the importance of society-centred designs based on users’ needs rather than on technological advancements for interventions. Our third speaker will present a meta-framework of extended criteria for developing and evaluating digital technologies for public health. The fourth panellist will share Malta's COVID-19 contact tracing app as a case study. He will discuss the challenges and facilitators in implementing and evaluating digital public health interventions. The last presentation will cover the need for governmental support in the future to ensure the success of digital public health interventions and holistic systems. The workshop will take place as a round table discussion. Each panellist will give a short (7 minute) input talk on the specific properties of digital public health tools. After the panellists present their opinion, we will open the floor for a discussion. Here, the audience is invited to share their knowledge and experiences to build a mutual understanding of the crucial steps in digital public health interventions. After the workshop, we will create a white paper on digital public health based on the panellists’ input and the discussion results. Key messages • A mutual understanding of digital public health may facilitate public sector cooperation and aim towards needs-based and society-centred technology development to improve the population's health. • Digital public health offers unique challenges, and there is an opportunity to outline these specific nuances to ensure maximum success in implementing such projects.

Public cooperation with police in Detroit: a testing of three perspectives

PurposeWhile public support for and cooperation with the police has been deemed vital for police effectiveness, what shapes such support and cooperation has not been fully examined. The purpose of this study is to explore three perspectives on public cooperation with police simultaneously: (1) police legitimacy, (2) legal cynicism, and (3) neighborhood norms.Design/methodology/approachThe data used in this study came from a survey conducted with 408 residents across three neighborhoods in Detroit, Michigan, in 2009. Ordinary least squares (OLS) regression was used to assess the relationship between the three groups of theory-based predictors, representing police legitimacy, legal cynicism, and neighborhood norms, and the dependent variable of cooperation.FindingsThe findings partially support the legitimacy model, as trust in police, but not perceived obligation to obey, predicts cooperation with police. This study provides strong support for the legal cynicism and neighborhood norms perspectives. Specifically, residents who have higher levels of legal cynicism and who report a stronger anti-snitch neighborhood subculture report being less inclined to cooperate with the police.Originality/valueThis study is the first to compare the relative influences of three major perspectives on public cooperation. Future studies should continue to analyze competing theories in explaining public cooperation with the police and determine if findings from this study are applicable to locations outside Detroit.

An Empirical Test of Procedural Justice, Legitimacy, and Public Cooperation with the Police in China

Grounded in the pathbreaking work of Tom Tyler and his colleagues, procedural justice and legitimacy have been widely tested in different fields in Western societies. Although a small body of research provides some evidence supporting the process-based model of policing in China, studies testing the theory of procedural justice using a larger representative sample are lacking. Drawing upon survey data collected by the Chinese General Social Survey in 2017, this study assesses the applicability of Tyler’s work in a non-democratic setting—China—and finds that the Western wisdom of process-based policing is largely supported. Procedural justice, as the strongest factor, plays a crucial role in influencing Chinese people’s feelings of obligation to obey and willingness to cooperate with the police. Police effectiveness also promotes police legitimacy and cooperation. This study highlights the implications of procedural justice and police legitimacy in a different cultural context.

Six Pivotal Lessons Learned in South Korea for Whole-of-Government Approach to Successful COVID-19 Vaccine Rollout in Planetary Health.

The COVID-19 pandemic has underscored that systems medicine depends on health systems and services that can respond to planetary health threats in scale and with speed. After 2 years of the pandemic, there are lessons learned in South Korea, from governance to risk communication for planetary health. The learning is timely because COVID-19 likely signals future ecological crises and emerging pathogens amid the climate emergency in the 21st century. By the end of March 2022, South Korea, with a population of 51.6 million, administered more COVID-19 vaccine doses per 100 people than other developed countries, including United Kingdom, Italy, Australia, Israel, Germany, and United States. In South Korea, 233.47 doses of COVID-19 vaccine were administered per 100 people, while Italy (229.48), China (229.39), Australia (217.44), the United Kingdom (211.39), Israel (194.82), and the United States (170.59) fell behind in vaccine rollout. Korea's whole-of-government approach to robust COVID-19 vaccination rollout prompted broad interest in planetary health. Notwithstanding that vaccine rollout is a complex multifactorial outcome, six salient, and often interdependent, factors are identified in this study of South Korea: (1) governance system; (2) logistic capability; (3) delivery strategy and accessibility; (4) established public health infrastructure; (5) risk communication; and (6) public cooperation and engagement. Integration of these factors can create multisectoral synergy to achieve better outcomes in vaccine rollout. The lessons from South Korea can help cultivate planetary health action in other parts of the world during the current COVID-19 pandemic, and in ecological crises in the future.

Changes in public-police cooperation following the murder of George Floyd.

The murder of George Floyd triggered a broad social response and noticeable shift in public opinion of policing. Since policing is dependent upon public cooperation, a question is whether the shift in opinion had an effect on police calls-for-service. Data from Los Angeles and New York City are evaluated using a regression discontinuity design. Violent crime, property crime, and quality-of-life disorder calls are analyzed to address differences in reporting norms. The role of racial-ethnic composition of local areas is assessed by examining census tracts where the majority of the residential population is Asian, Black, Hispanic, or White. Following the murder of George Floyd, in New York City violent crime, property crime, and quality-of-life calls all increased significantly. In Los Angeles, quality-of-life calls for service decreased significantly. The increase in violent crime calls observed in New York was greatest in areas where the majority of residents are Black, whereas the increase in property crime calls was the greatest in areas where a majority of residents are White. The decrease in quality-of-life calls observed in Los Angeles was in areas where the majority of residents are White. In both cases, the effect was relatively short-lived.

COVID-19 preventive behavior among university students in Southeast Asia: Effects of knowledge, concern, awareness, and perceived risk.

The persistent rise of pandemics across the globe in recent times has led to the prescription of several collaborative preventive strategies to reduce the effect that the pandemic has on public health. Consistent monitoring and surveillance appear to be the only available approach to detecting and classifying the issues of public health threats. Global pandemic threats demand public co-operation to take preventive actions at a personal level so that the risk of infectious diseases can be contained. Said that, this study explored the influence of awareness of precaution measures (APM), concerns about coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) (CAC), knowledge of COVID-19 (KOC), and perceived risk (PRK) on preventive behavior (PRB), as well as the effect of age and gender on the relationships among the studied variables. Quantitative data were collected from 551 university students across Malaysia and Vietnam through field survey and online survey, respectively. The data collection was performed from 13 March to 23 March 2020. Partial least square structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) was employed for data analysis. The multiple group analysis (MGA) technique was applied to compare the data retrieved from the respondents based on age and gender. The results revealed that APM, CAC, KOC, and PRK on PRB significantly influenced PRB toward COVID-19. In light of the two personal factors, age and gender, significant variances were noted for age and KOC, while PRK on PRB on the PRB toward COVID-19. Based on the study outcomes, APM emerged as the most significant predictor of PRB, followed by PRK on PRB, and CAC. Since a large fraction of the world reside in rural areas and have high-level interaction with animals, the provision of education at all level can harness the attitude to adopt PRB toward COVID-19. As such, policymakers need to work with the young generation so that the latter may serve as change agents to spread the message of taking precautions and adopting effective PRB toward COVID-19.

Regional consortia and transaction costs for sanitation services in Brazil

Studies on public cooperation usually focus on its impact on the service costs experienced by service providers. However, engagement in public cooperation in service provision often seeks other outcomes, like service coverage (measured by the population served) rather than simply minimizing service expenditure. Moreover, public cooperation by local governments, as either ‘providers’ or owners, generates transaction costs arising from negotiation, monitoring, agency costs and the enforcement of cooperative agreements. However, to date, little empirical effort has been directed at determining the impact of transaction costs on service provision owners and service outcomes. This paper addresses this gap in the empirical literature by examining the relationship between cooperative agreements between Brazilian municipalities for water and wastewater provision and service coverage in the light of transaction costs. We find that transaction costs are higher for cooperative providers due primarily to low service coverage levels, especially in sewage services that demand high investment in assets with high specificity. However, lower expenditures may occur after initial up-front investment.

Exploring Readiness towards Effective Implementation of Safety and Health Measures for COVID-19 Prevention in Nakhon-Si-Thammarat Community-Based Tourism of Southern Thailand.

Thailand’s community-based tourism (CBT) faces a challenging adaptation in response to COVID-19 prevention. This study aimed to assess the readiness for effective implementation of the Safety and Health Administration (SHA) for COVID-19 prevention in the tourism community. A qualitative approach was adopted for this study. Three communities covering all types of CBT in Nakhon-Si-Thammarat province, southern Thailand were purposively chosen. Fifteen key informants were invited to participate in the study. Semi-structured in-depth interviews were conducted, and the data were analysed using the thematic analysis method. The readiness stage was assigned by consensual comprehensive scores. The overall readiness of CBT is pre-planning stage, a clear recognition of the SHA benefit, and there are sufficient resources for implementation. At this stage, there is no planning because the business owners feel that they have inadequate knowledge about the SHA protocol. Another main barrier is having limited accessibility for SHA information which mainly provides through with technology platform. The CBT owner needs to improve public health-based knowledge, technology and cooperation skills to operate SHA efficiently. However, in order to embed SHA to the CBT, tourism and public health organisation should provide suitable methods at the initiation stage by considering the community readiness and need.

Medications for opioid use disorder during war in Ukraine: Innovations in public and private clinic cooperation.

Medications for opioid use disorder during war in Ukraine: Innovations in public and private clinic cooperation.