Public Cooperation Research Articles

Citizens’ trust in police enforcement in Calbayog City, Philippines

Trust in police enforcement is a fundamental element for maintaining public order, promoting community safety, and ensuring the legitimacy of law enforcement agencies. It develops positive relationships between the police and the community, encouraging cooperation and compliance with the law. When citizens trust the police, they are more likely to report crimes, provide useful information, and engage in lawful behavior, which enhances crime prevention and resolution efforts. This paper descriptively analyzed citizens’ trust towards police enforcement in Calbayog City, Philippines in terms of accountability, transparency, fairness, and community engagement. Participants were purposively sampled using online tools and categorized into three groups: ordinary citizens (n=150), barangay officials (n=50), and members of the police auxiliary unit (n=225). Findings indicated that the public trust towards the police enforcement in the city was generally high and positive, but the auxiliary unit consistently rated police performance more favorably than ordinary citizens or barangay officials. The police enforcement in Calbayog City, while demonstrating generally positive accountability, transparency, fairness, and community engagement, still needs considerable focus on further development. It is essential to prioritize efforts aimed at bridging the gap between the police and the community, with particular emphasis on enhancing transparency, fairness, and inclusivity. There was also a need to develop effective communication channels to connect to a larger public. Acknowledging and addressing historical issues, perhaps through public forums or community outreach programs, would demonstrate commitment to fairness and accountability. Such initiatives would contribute to the strengthening of public trust and cooperation, which facilitates more effective policing and the improvement of public safety.

PROFESSIONAL TRAINING OF HUMAN RESOURCES IN THE CONTEXT OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT AT THE LEVEL OF THE SĂLAJ COUNTY POLICE INSPECTORATE

This study highlights the changes in human resource management, the shift from traditional paradigms to an individual-centered approach, and the importance of continuous learning and adaptability. It describes the sustainable development of human resources in the Sălaj County Police Inspectorate, emphasizing the crucial role in maintaining public order and cooperation with various institutions, the activity of the structures of the Human Resources Service and the Professional Training Office within the unit, structures with essential activities in the management and development of police personnel. The culmination of the study is the analysis of the professional training within the inspectorate, which highlights the progress and adaptability in the training of the personnel within the Sălaj County Police Inspectorate, but also the importance of effective communication and recognition of meritorious in achieving institutional performance.

Analisis Kinerja Sistem Presensi Elektronik Dalam Pelaksanaan Kebijakan TPP Dengan Metode IT Balanced Scorecard

The Additional Employee Income (TPP) initiative within the Wakatobi Government has been active since 2020, following the enactment of Wakatobi Regent Regulation Number 5 of 2022. Nonetheless, challenges confront the Electronic Presence System in Wakatobi. Issues encompass delays and inaccuracies in attendance data, system constraints in addressing additional factors impacting employee productivity, and concerns regarding potential manipulation or improprieties. Various studies delve into these matters. Nia Afdila et al.'s work explores the impact of e-attendance and supplementary employee earnings on performance at the North Sumatra Province TPH Service. Alfrian Carmen et al. conduct an IT Balanced Scorecard analysis to gauge IT performance at the Ambon City Dukcapil Service, while Cristian SM investigates electronic attendance's role in establishing single salaries for ASN at the Public Relations, Protocol, and Cooperation Bureau of the Riau Province Regional Secretariat. Assessing the Electronic Presence System's performance in TPP policy implementation through the IT Balanced Scorecard method is crucial for comprehending potential and constraints within the TPP framework. This qualitative research adopts the IT Balanced Scorecard Method, focusing on four primary perspectives: Corporate Contribution, Customer Orientation, Operational Excellence, and Future Orientation. Data acquisition involves interviews, observations, and documentation of relevant personnel. Performance assessments reveal one adequate perspective, two insufficient perspectives, and one deficient perspective, underscoring insufficient attention to Electronic Attendance System performance indicators by BKPSDM Wakatobi.

Rule of Law and Democratic Decline During States of Emergency – The Case of the Czech Republic

Purpose: This paper analyses the impact of the state of emergency declared during the Covid-19 pandemic on public administration, specifically focusing on the Czech Republic. It aims to understand the correlation between the rule of law, the legitimacy of measures taken during the pandemic, and the public’s willingness to comply with these measures.Design/Methodology/Approach: The paper employs a comparative study design, examining the consistency of pandemic measures with the core principles of the rule of law – legality, proportionality, and legitimate expectations. The study focuses on measures that restrict rights (e.g., right to education) and those that, conversely, grant rights (e.g., decisions on compensation bonuses). The methodology involves an analysis of the relevant case law, administrative practice, and data from several databases.Findings: The study reveals frequent breaches of legality and proportionality, both in the restriction and granting of rights. Findings indicate that the public’s willingness to comply with measures decreased when these were perceived as illegitimate. This was evident in the Czech Republic where, despite the persistence of most measures, the situation worsened during the autumn 2020 and spring 2021 waves of the pandemic.Practical Implications: The findings of this study have significant implications for public administration and policymaking, especially during times of crisis and declared state of emergency. The results highlight the importance of maintaining the rule of law and ensuring the legitimacy of public compliance measures. The study suggests that disregard for these principles can lead to a decline in public trust and cooperation, exacerbating the crisis.Originality/Value: This paper provides a unique perspective on the management of the Covid-19 pandemic, linking the rule of law with public compliance. It offers valuable insights for governments and policymakers on the importance of maintaining legality and proportionality in their measures, and the potential consequences of their disregard. What sets this study apart is its comprehensive analysis of both cases where rights were reduced (such as limitations of the right to education) and cases where rights were provided (such as the granting of compensation bonuses). This dual-focused approach offers a more holistic view of the impact of governmental measures during the pandemic. The study’s findings contribute to the broader understanding of crisis management and the role of public administration. This comprehensive approach enhances the originality and value of the research, making it a significant contribution to the field.

Research trends of cooperation in social dilemmas from 2003 ‐ 2023: A bibliometric study using CiteSpace

Over the past two decades, researchers have thoroughly investigated cooperation within social dilemmas to address societal challenges. However, there has been limited interdisciplinary review of this field. This paper provides the first comprehensive analysis of 2,232 articles from 2003 to 2023 within this research domain, utilizing CiteSpace. Our analysis includes statistical, collaboration, co-citation, and keyword co-occurrence analyses to elucidate current trends, key contributors, themes, and emerging areas. The findings indicate that: (1) The publications have shown a rising trend, meaning cooperation topics in social dilemmas receive wide attention. (2) Cooperation in social dilemmas is a prominent and interdisciplinary topic characterized by strong collaboration among regions, authors, and journals. (3) Key topics include social value orientation, spatial public goods games, procedural fairness, and group cooperation. Additionally, emerging research trends may encompass evolutionary dynamics of cooperation, complex networks of social dilemmas, sex differences in cooperation, and climate change. (4) Future research should focus on interdisciplinary theoretical integration, the brain mechanisms of cooperation, emerging social dilemmas in the real world, and cross-cultural comparative studies. This study provides a reference for researchers to understand the theme and research hotspot of cooperation within social dilemmas.

Bibliometric Analysis of Articles on COVID-19 in the Transportation Industry: An Early Study

The COVID-19 pandemic, which emerged in Wuhan, China in November 2019 and affected the whole world, deeply affected the transportation industry as well as all sectors. The magnitude of the effects is also reflected in the number of academic publications, and the publication pool that would occur in decades has emerged in only 3 years. In this study, a quantitative bibliometric analysis, consisting of performance and collaboration analyses, was conducted to examine the vast publication pool in the context of the transportation sector. "Articles, final versions of articles and articles published in English only" filters were used to limit data. As the time limit, the years 2019-2022 were chosen. As a result of the search made in the Scopus database, a total of 951 articles were reached. R statistical program was used for data analysis and Biblioshiny was used for visualizations. Analyzes were carried out both in the context of all transport modes and separately for each transport mode. The results show that a total of 2605 authors were employed in 951 articles, 155 articles were single-authored, and 796 articles were multi-authored. Results of the analysis have revealed that the most productive countries are the USA and China, the most used keyword is “COVID-19”, the most cited country is Norway, the countries with the most publication cooperation in the context of country collaborations are UK and Hong Kong, the lowest cooperation rate belongs to Türkiye and South Africa. On the other hand, it has been determined that the author with the most academic studies on COVID-19 for transport modes is HAN H. In this study, the most important result revealed within the scope of performance analyzes and cooperation analyzes is that development level of the country and the importance given to education are important variables in country productivity. As the level of development and the importance given to education increase, the number of academic studies also increases. On the other hand, another important result revealed in the study is that early COVID-19 studies receive more citations and occupy central positions in citation networks. In addition, it can be mentioned that method studies are also cited more.

POLICE ACCOUNTABILITY AND PUBLIC TRUST THROUGH TRANSPARENCY AND COMMUNITY COLLABORATION

This study demonstrates the importance of police accountability, showing how it mediates the relationship between public trust, community cooperation, and police accountability. Police accountability is essential to modern policing, requiring law enforcement agencies (LEAs) to adhere to ethical norms and procedures. Public trust, necessary for effective policing, is built through transparency and accountability. The paper indicates that greater inclusion of the community in policing is crucial to improving the dialogue between the public and law enforcement. Building trust through accountability and transparency is vital in India, where diverse groups coexist, and a deep mistrust of authorities persists. The paper overviews current systems and draws insights from successful practices. The paper suggests measures to increase police transparency, ensure accountability of officers, and develop lasting trust in law enforcement in India.

The quick response border: Pandemic biopolitics, affective complicities and flexible technologies

For nearly three years, the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic had wrought disruptive border closures and network dissolutions in mobility systems of all kinds. Forwarding the concept of the Quick Response (QR) border, this article examines two technological interventions by which mobilities were ultimately revived. First, the removal of quarantine measures often assumed the rapid and mass vaccination of all. Second, the sorting of populations involved the pervasive and seductive use of QR-enabled digital ‘health passes’ to automatically confer and confirm biosecurity. Drawing on Singapore as a case study, the article argues that the remedial logics sparked by COVID-19 both mirror previous iterations of biopolitics, and breathe new intensities in them. In the context of our study, two characteristics of the QR border stand out: one, the heavy reliance of (this) biopolitics on affective consent and public cooperation; and two, the proliferation of trans-scalar and multi-purpose applications due to QR’s flexible automation. The article discusses the implications of these developments for the future of biopolitics and our complicities.

Digitalization and Cyber Security Policies in Uzbekıstan's Institutions and Sectors in One Belt One Road Project

The diffusion of information and communication technologies (ICT) into a rapidly growing area of global trade has contributed significantly to the gains made by companies and governments. Increasing consumption at the international level and the desire for faster and more reliable delivery of goods have led to the emergence of new sectors. In this context, states, other government agencies, and the private sector have sought to enhance their bilateral relations and investments and establish strategic partnerships to develop new fast, and reliable trade networks. While actions and activities in cyberspace and digital spaces have provided significant convenience and opportunities, they have also led to significant security concerns. The purpose of this study is to examine and evaluate the contribution of the One Belt, One Road (OBOR) initiative to the digitalization of Uzbekistan and the policies pursued by Uzbekistan in this regard, and to investigate the effects of public and private sector institutional cooperation in the One Belt, One Road project. The content analysis method was applied, one of the qualitative research methods. The study was also strengthened with the SWOT analysis method. By comparing relevant documents and sources on the subject, the aim of the study was concluded. The studies carried out to increase Uzbekistan's cyber capacity, the importance of maintaining strong cyber security policies through technology transfer, the challenges and legal regulations, institutional and sectoral cooperation, and their effects are the problem statements within the outline of the purpose of the study.

Design and Implementation of Tangerang Regency Korpri and Cooperative E-Commerce Service Applications

Public services and cooperatives play a crucial role in the local economy. The Koperasi Korpri in Tangerang Regency faces challenges in providing efficient and effective access to its members due to the cooperative building's location, which is not always easily accessible. With advancements in information technology, there is an urgent need to modernize the way services are provided, especially through digital solutions. This project aims to design and implement a service application for Korpri and e-commerce for the Tangerang Regency Cooperative. The goal is to enable Korpri members to access cooperative services without physical location constraints, enhance the efficiency and transparency of transactions, and provide a platform that can be accessed via mobile devices. The project uses the SDLC (Software Development Life Cycle) methodology, which consists of five main stages: planning, analysis, design, implementation, and maintenance. Each stage includes various activities such as requirements identification, UI/UX design, frontend and backend development, application testing, and deployment. It is expected that the resulting application will address geographical challenges and improve the cooperative's operational efficiency. This application is anticipated to enhance transparency and member trust through easily accessible transaction records and provide an intuitive and user-friendly interface. Additionally, the application is expected to strengthen the cooperative's digital infrastructure, support local economic growth, and improve the welfare of cooperative members.

Identity of Colonial Architecture Preservation in Thakhek City Center

This paper examines the conservation of colonial architecture in the center of Thakhek, which is a unique and historically significant feature of the city. Researching the historical context, architectural features and cultural values ​​of the buildings in the colonial era in Laos and efforts to conserve and promote them to become urban heritage. The research uses mixed methods, combining documentary research, observation from the field through surveys, measurements and interviews with local stakeholders. The findings reveal the challenges faced in preserving the colonial architecture at Thakhek, including limited resources. This research also highlights the potential benefits of preserving colonial architecture, such as promoting cultural tourism, promoting community pride and contributing to urban regeneration. The study concluded with recommendations to strengthen the preservation of colonial architecture in the center of Thakhek, emphasizing the need for a comprehensive preservation plan, increasing public awareness and cooperation between local stakeholders. This research contributes to the broader discussion on heritage conservation in Southeast Asia, offering insights into the challenges and opportunities of preserving colonial architecture in old urban areas in a context of rapid urban development.

Exploring public cooperation with police: the role of police accountability, police effectiveness, and public trust

ABSTRACT Public cooperation with the police is crucial because the public acts as the eyes and ears of the police. Moreover, research on public cooperation with the police, including crime-reporting behaviours and willingness to cooperate with law enforcement agencies, remains scarce in post-conflict countries like Somalia. Therefore, this study investigates the roles of perceived police accountability and effectiveness in fostering public cooperation with the police in Somalia via the underlying mechanisms of public trust in the police. Data were collected from a sample of 470 respondents in Mogadishu, Somalia. The analysis employed Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) to test the proposed model. The study found that police accountability has indirectly and positively impacted public cooperation via public trust in police. Moreover, public trust in police positively and significantly impacts public cooperation with the police. The findings also revealed that police effectiveness, directly and indirectly, impacts public cooperation with the police.

Risk Perception, Cooperation, and Emotional Distress During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Exploring Adaptive Risk Perception

During the COVID-19 pandemic, while risk perception may promote public cooperation with pandemic prevention, it may also increase emotional distress and thus endanger mental health. This study aimed to examine whether there is an adaptive risk perception pattern that fits both needs of pandemic control and mental health protection. Two waves of Chinese participants (N sample 1 = 1633, N sample 2 = 1899) completed the Scale of Pandemic Risk Perception, the Scale of Public Cooperation with Pandemic Prevention, the Epidemic Worry Scale, and the Positive and Negative Affective Schedule during Feb 3rd to 5th, and during Feb 18th to 20th, 2021 respectively. Four risk perception profiles were identified by using latent profile analysis based on pandemic risk perception. Regression mixture models found that individuals in the perceived-controllable-high-perceived-risk profile were the most cooperative and reported the least worries and negative affect. The perceived-uncontrollable-high-perceived-risk profile demonstrated high cooperation but serious worry and negative affect. Individuals in the ignoring-risk profile reported the least levels of cooperation and worry but the highest levels of negative affect. Finally, the perceived-moderate-perceived-risk profile reported moderate levels of both cooperation and emotional distress. These results were well repeated in two samples. Present findings point towards an adaptive risk perception pattern (the controllable-high-perceived-risk profile) which may optimize cooperation while also avoid serious emotional distress.

The impact of dynamic reward on cooperation in the spatial public goods game

Debates persist regarding how different forms of rewards influence public cooperation. In many real-world scenarios, individuals who consistently honor multiple commitments receive higher credit scores than those who fulfill only one commitment. Inspired by this, herein dynamic reward is introduced into the spatial public goods game, wherein the probability of receiving a reward increases with the number of consecutive cooperations by individuals. To illustrate the role of the dynamic reward mechanism, fixed reward is used as a comparison to investigate the impact of dynamic reward on the evolution of cooperation. Through extensive simulations, we find that the phases presented by dynamic reward are more than those by fixed reward. Moreover, it is more conducive to cooperation than fixed reward, indicating that dynamic reward can more effectively resolve social dilemmas. Additionally, the higher initial probability of reward promotes the earlier emergence of cooperation. This research broadens the form of reward, enhancing our understanding of dynamic reward in promoting prosocial behaviors in the spatial public goods game.

Decision-makers self-servingly navigate the equality-efficiency trade-off of free partner choice in social dilemmas among unequals

Cooperation is more likely upheld when individuals can choose their interaction partner. However, when individuals differ in their endowment or ability to cooperate, free partner choice can lead to segregation and increase inequality. To understand how decision-makers can decrease such inequality, we conducted an incentivized and preregistered experiment in which participants (n=500) differed in their endowment and cooperation productivity. First, we investigated how these individual differences impacted cooperation and inequality under free partner choice in a public goods game. Next, we calculated if and how decision-makers should restrict partner choice if their goal is to decrease inequality. Finally, we studied whether decision-makers actually did decrease inequality when asked to allocate endowment and productivity factors between individuals, and combine individuals into pairs of interaction partners for a two-player public goods game. Our results show that without interventions, free partner choice, indeed, leads to segregation and increases inequality. To mitigate such inequality, decision-makers should curb free partner choice and force individuals who were assigned different endowments and productivities to form pairs with each other. However, this comes at the cost of lower overall cooperation and earnings, showing that the restriction of partner choice results in an equality-efficiency trade-off. Participants who acted as third-parties were actually more likely to prioritize inequality reduction over efficiency maximization, by forcing individuals with unequal endowment and productivity levels to form pairs with each other. However, decision-makers who had a ‘stake in the game’ self-servingly navigated the equality-efficiency trade-off by preferring partner choice interventions that benefited themselves. These preferences were partly explained by norms on public good cooperation and redistribution, and participants’ social preferences. Results reveal potential conflicts on how to govern free partner choice stemming from diverging preferences ‘among unequals’.

Construction of China’s National Image in the Digital and AI Era: A Study on the Influence of National Language Capacity in Media Narratives

This paper aims to explore the construction of China’s national image and the influence of national language capacity in this process against the backdrop of the digital and Artificial Intelligence (AI) era. With the rapid development of digital and intelligent technologies, the media has undergone profound changes, presenting new challenges and opportunities for the dissemination of national images. The paper first analyzes the definition, components, and evaluation indicators of national language capacity and discusses its significant role in international communication. It is found that national language capacity plays a crucial role in the construction of a national image, as it not only enhances the efficiency of international communication but also strengthens a nation’s cultural soft power. The paper proposes that improving national language capacity requires efforts on four levels: policy, media, the public, and international cooperation.

THE TECHNOLOGY OF THE PROJECT APPROACH IN PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION AT THE LEVEL OF UNITED TERRITORIAL COMMUNITIES OF THE DECENTRALIZED SYSTEM OF TERRITORIAL ORGANIZATION OF POWER

The article is devoted to the issue of project management implementation by public management bodies of the decentralized system of territorial organization of power, in particular the functional features and advantages of implementing project management tools in the activities of united territorial communities of Ukraine. It is determined that the project approach to project management today is one of the most popular ways of management in the modern world. The relevance of the widespread introduction of project management methodology and project approach in the practice of public administration as a new culture of management and effective tools for good governance in a crisis, instability and uncertainty is substantiated, solving industrial, scientific and social problems. It was concluded that the use of project management methodology at the national level of the decentralized system of territorial organization of power is both strategic and tactical in nature. In strategic terms, the project approach makes it possible to focus the efforts of public authorities on solving urgent problems of long-term development of society in its key areas, reducing tensions in the socio-political sphere, by increasing the efficiency of public authorities to strengthen their legitimacy and resilience to internal and external threats establish a stable partnership dialogue with communities and civil society institutions. In terms of tactics, budget savings, reduction of implementation of state programs and national projects, some optimization of government structures and improved coordination of public authorities, cooperation and public-private partnerships with business entities.

Assessing the productivity effects of agricultural extension in a pluralistic system: an analysis of Brazilian family farming in 2017

ABSTRACT Purpose: This paper analyzes the impact of agricultural extension on the production of Brazilian family farmers, breaking down differences among extension providers. Design/Methodology/Approach: An Output Distance Function was estimated for Brazilian family farming using 5,463 municipality-level observations from the 2017 Brazilian Agricultural Census. The impact of extension on efficiency and technology was assessed. Findings: Rural extension services from public institutions, cooperatives, and private companies increased technical efficiency. Independent consultant services increased the adoption of more productive technologies and technical efficiency. However, public technical assistance increased productivity by 47.76%, technicians hired directly by farmers increased productivity by 31.25%, and technical assistance from cooperatives increased productivity by 31%. Practical implications: These findings could aid in the Brazilian Extension System’s goal of promoting productivity gains. The National Policy of Rural Extension has the ability to decentralize the role of the government and structure incentives to increase access to other providers based on these findings. Theoretical implications: This article expands the econometric estimation of Output Distance Functions to break down the impacts of extension on both efficiency and technology adoption. Originality/Value: Using readily available municipality-level data, this paper contributes to the understanding of the effectiveness of the different providers of rural extension for Brazilian family farmers and provides data regarding the impact on yield.

Knowledge, attitude, and perception of University students toward COVID-19 Pandemic

Background: An increasing rate of COVID-19 cases throughout the world has increased the need to investigate the knowledge, attitude, and perception (KAP) of university students toward the COVID-19 pandemic to prevent its rapid spread as public cooperation and awareness regarding prevention is the only way to deal with this pandemic. Methods: A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted in Pakistan in April 2020. Data was collected by Google statistics and percent reliability was calculated through SPSS. Results: The number of respondents n=678, out of which 443(65.2%) were female and 235(34.85%) were male. The perception of students regarding this disease is shown in a table in which 33.2% of students consider it very dangerous. 54.2% thought it moderately dangerous. 62.38% of students consider muscle pain and 73.59% of students consider throat pain as a clinical presentation of COVID-19. 80.7% of students thought that exposure to a suspected case of COVID-19 serves as a means of acquiring COVID-19 infection. The most effective measure of prevention comes out to be hand washing and covering face during coughing and sneezing. The main cause of the spread is a lack of public awareness and cooperation. Social media campaigns are an effective means of educating students about quarantine and controlling its rapid spread. Conclusion: Researchers concluded that It’s the need of the hour to increase awareness related to protective hygienic measures, rapid spread, and providing reliable approaches through social media campaigns to manage this pandemic. We believe that students should be involved in educating their surrounding society.

A simple twist of fate. An experiment on election uncertainty and democratic institutions

In this paper we study electoral systems in an experimental governance game in which citizens contribute to a public good and policymakers decide how to distribute it. In the Voting condition, citizens receive information about the policymaker performance (how much she shared of the public good with individual participants), her skills and her altruism, and vote directly for a policymaker for the next election cycle. In the Referendum condition voters receive information about the policymaker's performance before deciding whether to remove her from office in a simpler binary choice (in or out). If they decide to remove the incumbent, a new policymaker is chosen randomly from the remaining group members, in the spirit of referendums like Brexit or the plebiscite about the peace agreements in Colombia. We compare these two electoral mechanisms with two baselines in which the policymaker is never replaced (Baseline) and another one (Random) in which the policymaker is always randomly replaced by another participant. Our results show that both electoral mechanisms are largely effective in improving citizens’ earnings by generating more equitable sharing rules. Citizens in Voting and Referendum extract greater surplus from policymakers than in the other conditions and voting against a candidate (Referendum) is more effective in increasing surplus than voting for a candidate (Voting). Contributions to the public good and conditional cooperation patterns remain strikingly similar in democratic (Referendum and Voting) and non-democratic (Baseline and Random) conditions. Empirical expectations about contributions of other citizens are similar as well. However, we show that policymakers distribute the public good differently in democratic institutions, and more effectively in Referendum than in Voting, as policymakers use clientelist transfers to avoid being replaced. Overall, both democratic institutions are effective in improving citizens’ payoffs by indirectly limiting policymakers’ surplus.