City Public Transport Research Articles

Implementation of carbon tax policies to encourage the use of public transportation in cities

The use of public transport is one of the concepts of sustainable transport. However, people prefer to use private vehicles, which causes various problems, one of which is the high carbon emissions produced. This research aims to encourage programs to use passenger public transportation through a carbon tax. The method in this research is descriptive quantitative with primary data and secondary data. Secondary data was developed in the research by collecting literature study sources on the concept of sustainable transportation development as well as primary data carried out by analyzing calculations regarding the implementation of the carbon tax. There are several proposals that can significantly accelerate the achievement of goals, namely a collaborative approach through collaboration between local government agencies, a policy of progressively implementing a carbon tax as a coercive policy and supported by a program to provide supporting facilities for public transportation. Decision making in this research was carried out by looking at the percentage increase in public transportation use based on the application of a carbon tax or carbon tax.

Active commuting as a form of sustainable urban mobility: The case of the Brno Metropolitan Area

Abstract Environmentally friendly alternatives to motorised transport have recently become a topic of discussion among political representatives. To achieve sustainable urban mobility objectives, political discussions have focused on promoting cycling, walking and using public transport in cities. These modes of transportation are attractive ways of commuting to and from work for a portion of the population. In the literature, there is a growing interest in the phenomenon of active commuting. This paper examines the spatio-temporal patterns and practices of active commuting and evaluates their significance in the context of sustainable urban mobility. The empirical research is based on data obtained from a questionnaire survey and semistructured interviews conducted in 2023 in the Brno Metropolitan Area. Based on the data, three categories of active commuting were identified, namely pragmatic active commuting, physical active commuting, and combined active commuting, which differ in the implementation of different spatio-temporal practices. For the development of sustainable transport in the city, it is necessary to promote the construction of pedestrian and bicycle infrastructure, with the aim of making movement for pedestrians and cyclists more straightforward, efficient, and safer, including paying attention to actions leading to the embedding of this mode of transport in the wider societal context.

Assessing the Level of Spatial Integration of Surabaya City Public Transportation

Assessing the Level of Spatial Integration of Surabaya City Public Transportation

Analisis Tarif Suroboyo Bus dengan Metode Willingness To Pay dan BOK

Public transportation in big cities is very important in carrying out one of its main functions as a carrier for people's movements. For this reason, the Surabaya City Government has operationalized the Suroboyo bus, so it is necessary to conduct research to determine whether the current payment method complies with the Vehicle Operational Cost (BOK) regulations. The method used in this research is Willingness To Pay (WTP). After doing the calculations, the Willingness To Pay (WTP) value on weekdays is Rp. 4,751. This condition indicates that the current tariff for using plastic waste bottles is equivalent to Rp. 5000 so that it is still feasible or in accordance with the Willingness To Pay of Suroboyo Bus passengers. The amount of vehicle operating costs (BOK) incurred by Suroboyo Bus is Rp. 2,982 according to standard regulations of the Surabaya City Transportation Service. In terms of service users, the Suroboyo Bus fare of IDR 5,000 is also not considered burdensome or expensive because the difference between the WTP and the applied rate is not large.

Comparative analysis of the optimal route recommendation models based on city public transportation network data

In recent years, studies on smart cities have attracted much attention in the literature. In the smart city concept, urban public transportation network studies are one of the most important issues. Afterthe 2000s, smart cards have been widely used in city public transportation systems. Using the data collected through the smart card, many models have been created in line with the smart city concept. In the literature, there are various optimal route recommendation models using urban public transportation network and city smart card data. In this study, some current models built on the basis of urban public transportation network and smart card data are discussed. The specifications of the models, their important differences, the topologies they use, optimization criteria, and computational complexities are analyzed. Dijkstra’s algorithm, which is widely used for the solution of optimal route recommendation models, and its various modifications are analysed. Additionally, various models developed by applying fuzzy logic are examined. Comparative analysis of public transportation network models is given.

SMART AND SUSTAINABLE URBAN MOBILITY – PUBLIC AND SHARED TRANSPORT USERS’ BEHAVIOR IN GDYNIA CITY: A CASE STUDY

Novel technologies have resulted in the unprecedented and dynamic development of transport systems—one of the most important sectors of the economy. The implementation of smarter commuting solutions, in order to improve the processes of transportation, allows for cost and energy saving, better organization of time, and, as a result, an increase in quality of life. Also, this supports the operationalization of the sustainable development concept, enabling a compact and efficient urban transport system to be developed. The purpose of this paper is to analyze smart urban mobility development prerequisites and challenges, taking Gdynia city public and shared transport users’ preferences and transport behavior as a case study. A research hypothesis has been formulated stating that most commuters have sufficient digital competencies and benefit from the available modern technological solutions contributing to smarter and more sustainable urban development. The obtained results prove the importance of the role the digital world plays these days and show how the impact of technology on the transportation sector has helped to develop new opportunities for urban mobility.

The close complementarity of museums and theme parks as a tourist package in European capital cities

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to analyse museums and theme parks as a tourist package and how the proximity of airports to the city and public transport influence the development of this tourist package to stimulate tourism demand in cities.Design/methodology/approachQualitative and quantitative indicators have been applied in our methodology to measure the most visited European theme parks and museums from 2012 to 2022. Moreover, the localisation of airports has allowed us to address the importance of theme parks and museums in cities and their regional economies.FindingsThe results suggest that the location of the city, entertainment complementary activity, airport proximity, intermodal passenger transport, air and train accessibility, tourism demand and supply, and a high concentration of population in cities have a high influence on the development of a tourist package that includes museums and theme parks to stimulate the tourism demand in European urban cities. London and Paris are two of the most visited cities in the world, and these are the most attractive European cities for tourists in terms of efficiency because tourists can optimize much better their space and time to visit the city’s tourist attractions during their holidays. Another important finding is that the public transport service plays an important role in museums and theme parks’ visits and the optimization of space-time for tourists when they are visiting a city and its tourist attractions on holidays, especially subways, trains and buses. Although time-space measures of accessibility in public transport in cities must be improved to optimize the time of the native population and tourists.Originality/valueThis research shows the complementary role of museums and theme parks as an attractive tourist package and an entertainment, cultural and educational activity to improve the quality of tourism supply and redistribute tourist flows in European countries. Moreover, there are limited studies that tackle the theme of parks and museums in a tourism context.

An overview of solutions to the bus bunching problem in urban bus systems

AbstractBus bunching has been a persistent issue in urban bus system since it first appeared, and it remains a challenge not fully resolved. This phenomenon may reduce the operational efficiency of the urban bus system, which is detrimental to the operation of fast-paced public transport in cities. Fortunately, extensive research has been undertaken in the long development and optimization of the urban bus system, and many solutions have emerged so far. The purpose of this paper is to summarize the existing solutions and serve as a guide for subsequent research in this area. Upon careful examination of current findings, it is found that, based on the different optimization objects, existing solutions to the bus bunching problem can be divided into five directions, i.e., operational strategy improvement, traffic control improvement, driver driving rules improvement, passenger habit improvement, and others. While numerous solutions to bus bunching are available, there remains a gap in research exploring the integrated application of methods from diverse directions. Furthermore, with the development of autonomous driving, it is expected that the use of modular autonomous vehicles could be the most potential solution to the issue of bus bunching in the future.

Analysis of Multi-Modal Public Transit Competing Relationships and Evolutionary Mechanisms in Cities in Cold Regions

In order to reveal the characteristics of the competition and cooperation of multi-modal public transportation in the cities of cold areas and to study the competitive relationship of multi-modal public transportation in cold areas, the urban public transportation system in cold areas is divided into three sub-systems, namely, conventional buses, urban mass transit, and cabs, to analyze the competitive relationship and evolution mechanism of multi-modal public transportation in cities of cold areas. We construct a multi-modal public transit Lotka–Volterra competitiveness model, considering that conventional buses and urban mass transit are mainly dominant in urban public transit systems in cold regions, and introduce the competitive influence effect coefficients and cooperative influence effect coefficients to analyze the mechanism of the evolution of the competitiveness between conventional buses and urban mass transit. The data on traffic supply and demand and travel of the Harbin bus system, a typical city in China, are collected, and the simulation analysis of multi-modal competing relationship and evolution mechanism of conventional bus and urban mass transit competition is carried out, respectively, with Harbin as the research object. The results show that the constructed model can better describe the multi-modal bus competition relationship and evolution mechanism.

Smart City Public Transportation Route Planning Based on Multi-objective Optimization: A Review

Smart City Public Transportation Route Planning Based on Multi-objective Optimization: A Review

Формування комплексного підходу до досліджень впливу транспортно-промислових процесів на сіті-логістичні системи

Taking into account the need for post-war reconstruction, one of the important issues is the formation of city-logistics systems taking into account the prospects for the development of urban industry, advanced achievements of science and technology, and the introduction of ecological modes of transport. , ensuring the European level of social and cultural development of the population. Meanwhile, enterprises of the metallurgical industry, as a rule, are city-forming in the settlements of industrial districts, they employ tens of thousands of workers. Taking into account the continuity of the main production processes in metallurgy, employees of such enterprises have a need for round-the-clock daily movement from their place of residence to the enterprise and back. At the same time, the schedules of the beginning and end of work shifts may be different at the same enterprise. Under such conditions, it is important to provide employees with timely and reliable transportation to the workplace. Accordingly, the city's transport system as a whole and the city's public transport in particular must be ready to ensure the growth of demand for passenger transportation for the sustainable development of the city's economy and social sphere. The article emphasizes the relevance of the tasks of optimizing the duration of signals both for relatively simple configurations of street network nodes and for complex street intersections with several sections of the road separated by a boulevard. The approach proposed by the authors to the management of the city-logistics system in the conditions of the cities of industrial regions will ensure the growth of demand for passenger transportation for the purpose of sustainable development of the economy and social sphere of cities. The need has been proven and practical solutions have been proposed for increasing the level of road safety, reducing traffic jams, and improving traffic modes within the cities of industrial areas, which allows to reduce the number of traffic accidents, ensures the fulfillment of urban logistics tasks, and also reduces the level of energy consumption of vehicles. expedient connection of various types of street transport, including individual ones, which will ensure rational planning of street space and increase the efficiency of the transport system of cities.

The Current Development and Optimization of Smart Public Transportation in Taiyuan City

"With the development of technology and the smartification of cities, the urbanization process is accelerating rapidly. The population and the number of motor vehicles in cities are increasing rapidly, leading to evident issues such as traffic congestion and air pollution. Smart public transportation, as an integral component of smart cities, can reduce passengers' travel costs, improve travel efficiency to some extent, and provide big data support for the development of smart transportation and even smart cities. It is a cost-effective, convenient, and environmentally friendly mode of transportation.This article first analyzes the current situation of smart public transportation in Taiyuan city. It points out issues such as uneven allocation of public transportation resources, prolonged travel times for passengers using public transportation, and overcrowding during peak hours. Drawing on the development experiences of smart public transportation in cities both domestically and internationally, the article proposes optimization suggestions for the current state of smart public transportation in Taiyuan. These include refined management of public transportation, skip-stop operations, smart resource allocation, and improvement of infrastructure construction. The aim is to provide theoretical guidance for the optimization and improvement of smart public transportation in Taiyuan, enabling more efficient development of 'smart public transportation' in the city.".

Suggestions and Solutions for Enhancing Active Commuting to the University of Maribor and Advancing CO2 Emission Reduction

This study investigated commuting behavior at four technical faculties (BCTF) in Maribor. The main aim was to provide suggestions and solutions for challenges related to active commuting to the BCTF, while promoting advancements in CO2 emission reduction. The research methodology was based on analyses of a questionnaire survey and calculations of CO2 emissions. The results indicate that implementing measures to promote walking, bicycling and the use of city and regional public transport, in conjunction with supportive housing and parking policies, has the potential to eliminate car trips within 0–1 km of the BCTF and reduce car trips from other zones in favor of active commuting by 30% to 50%. These proposed transport scenarios could lead to an annual reduction in CO2 emissions ranging from 17% to 29%. The greatest potential for CO2 savings is observed within 0–5 km of the BCTF, where a shift to walking and bicycling could reduce emissions by up to 44%. The results also highlighted a notable disparity, indicating that students with term-time accommodations emitted 3.5 times and 4.1 times less annual CO2 within 0–5 km of the BCTF compared to students and staff commuting daily from their permanent residences in the city.

Analysis of public transport in Central Asian cities in comparison with leading cities in Southeast Asia and Europe: The search for sustainable urban solutions

With rapid urban growth and changing socio-economic factors, it is important to analyze the public transport systems of different geographical regions. This article is aimed at analyzing and comparing public transport in the cities of Central Asia, taking into account the experience of leading cities in Southeast Asia and Europe. The purpose of the study is to identify features, similarities and differences in transport systems to find sustainable urban solutions.

АНАЛІЗ СТАНУ ТА ПЕРСПЕКТИВИ РОЗВИТКУ МІСЬКОГО ГРОМАДСЬКОГО ТРАНСПОРТУ УКРАЇНИ

The production, distribution and consumption of goods is impossible without the participation of transport, in particular urban public transport, which is in a deep economic crisis, which only deepens with the passage of time. In addition, the city's public transport and its infrastructure suffered huge losses during the period of full-scale military aggression, but are gradually being restored thanks to the efforts of the city councils and the help of partner countries. Therefore, we consider it important to analyze the current state and prospects for the development of urban public transport in our country. The article identified, researched and analyzed the main performance indicators of enterprises that are part of the Corporation of Urban Electric Transport Enterprises of Ukraine "Ukrelektrotrans", namely: volumes of transport work, volumes of passenger transportation, own expenses and revenues for 2022-2023. The analysis of the dynamics of all technical and economic indicators without exception showed that in the country as a whole in 2022 they significantly decreased compared to the indicators of 2021, but in 2023 the opposite trend was observed - an increase in the volume of transport work, passenger transportation, income and expenses at almost all enterprises of the country. Regarding the analysis and comparison of the indicator of cost coverage of enterprises at the expense of their own income from the main type of activity (income from the sale of travel tickets) and the indicator of cost coverage at the expense of all available items of income, the first indicator remains at an extremely low level, like all previous ones years of existence of city public transport. But the financing of enterprises at the expense of external sources made record figures for the industry, which determined the sufficient level of the indicator of cost coverage at the expense of all available income items. So, the lack of financing, which is so often talked about by the managers of transport companies, has been overcome. Therefore, the results of 2023 inspire hope for the revival of the industry. It is necessary to maintain this trend in 2024 and in all the post-war years, when the industry will be in high demand.

Design of Traffic Improvement Plan for Line 1 Baijiahu Station of Nanjing Metro

The article proposes design improvements for the current issues at Baijiahu Station, reorganizing the layout of surrounding transportation facilities to address the existing disorder. Based on an understanding of Baijiahu Metro Station, the article analyzes the regional conditions, target service users, and potential future service users. Through on-site inspections and predictions based on current pedestrian flow data and conditions, the article forecasts the future demand for various transportation modes at Baijiahu Station. Subsequently, it puts forward improvement measures and plans concerning the layout of public facilities around Baijiahu Metro Station, the integration of subway and surface transportation, and crowd organization. These proposals aim to provide feasible planning solutions for the reconstruction and future development of Baijiahu Metro Station. Finally, the article uses simulation software to compare the effects before and after the improvements. This allows the optimized plan to effectively enhance the service efficiency and quality of the metro station, facilitating the rational integration of the subway into urban transportation and thereby improving the city's public transportation capacity and service standards.

On the improvement efficiency and safety of operation of underground tunnel escalators. Adaptation of processes of planning and control

BACKGROUND: The pace of transport system development not corresponding to current demands of a town is a significant obstacle on the way of achieving target values of business activity and quality of life. One of the main indicators of quality of life in a modern large city is satisfaction with city public transport. The backbone mean of public transport in Saint Petersburg is underground which efficiency indicators are share of accomplishment of train schedule and accomplishment of stations’ operation schedule. However, funding based on subsidies and requirement of proper fulfillment of given efficiency indicators make the Petersburg Underground SUE look for new ways of adaptation of planning and control processes for managing available resources ensuring keeping outdating infrastructure operable and cost reduction based on state-of-the-art informational technologies. AIMS: Establishment of enlarged hardware facility and basic structural solution necessary for unrolling software for planning and control of maintenance of the underground’s escalator park. The study object is the underground’s escalator park; the study subject is automation of maintenance system. METHODS: In the first part of the paper, as a result of statistical compilation and comparison of homogeneous data from annual reports of the Petersburg Underground SUE in the tabular form as well as analysis of qualitative and quantitative indicators of the escalator park considering the information on the history of maintenance system formation, the statement was made about existence of interaction between the changes taking place in the city transport system and demands of adaptation of processes of planning and control of operations in the escalator park maintenance system. In the second part of the paper, on the basis of analysis of regulatory framework and requirements to development of data processing centers, the main structural element for implementation of facility of planning and control of performing the underground’s escalator park maintenance was established. RESULTS: The theoretically valuable result of the study is the found interaction between changes taking place at the level of the city transport system and demands in changing the underground’s escalator park maintenance system for achieving the comprehensive evolution of the transport system. Meanwhile, the basic structure of the hardware-software facility, main structural element of which is the corridor isolation system implementing the tool of adaptation of processes of planning and control the operation, is significantly valuable for practical use. CONCLUSIONS: Structure and equipment of the hardware-software facility as well as the installed software for monitoring, planning and control of the operations ensuring/not ensuring fulfillment the efficiency indicators give the opportunity to transfer the infrastructure parts from the running hours-based maintenance system to the state-based maintenance system.

The influence of the construction of tram fronts on the consequences of accidents with passenger cars

In recent years, there has been a large increase in passenger and public transport in cities. An increase in traffic flow results in an increasing risk of accidents. Manufacturers and operators of trams are increasingly subject to higher requirements for ensuring the safety of vehicles. Vehicle safety can be divided into two groups: active and passive safety. Systems and elements of active safety are intended to reduce the risk of accidents. Systems and elements of passive safety are intended to minimize the consequences of accidents. The requirements for the passive safety of newly designed railway vehicles are described in standard EN 15227. Standard EN 15227 was created due to the effort to protect passengers and crew inside railway vehicles in the event of an accident, so it is a so-called self-protection. The standard EN 15227 does not stipulate any requirements for so-called partner protection. Partner protection means an approach in which the vehicle protects passengers inside and outside the vehicle with its deformation elements.This article deals with the issue of how the construction of the front of tram vehicles designed according to the requirements of the standard EN 15227 will affect the consequences of tram´s accidents with passenger cars. The first part of the article describes the requirements of the standard EN 15227 for newly designed trams. Than it describes the creation and evaluation of tram accident statistics in the Czech Republic for the years 2016 to 2018 with regard to the types of collision vehicles, collision directions and consequences of accidents. From the results of the evaluation of the accident statistics, a collision scenario was determined, in which the passengers inside cars were most often injured. The last part of the article is devoted to the creation of simulation models of accidents of three trams with a car and evaluation of simulation calculations with regard to the risk of injury to car´s driver in an accident with trams using human biomechanical criteria.

Experience in the design and construction of service facilities located at ‏transport hubs

The article analyzes the latest research, experience in the design and construction of transport interchanges. The main trends and directions of the architectural and planning solution of the service facilities located in them have been identified. The formation of service facilities is influenced by the dynamics of the development of nearby districts and residential areas, the urban development situation, and social and economic conditions. Direct interdependence is observed - provided the population increases in the adjacent residential areas and the production potential of local industrial enterprises increases several times, while the traffic load of the relevant transport arteries, transfer stations and transport junctions and nodes increases. Transport interchanges and stations of the city of Kyiv, Ukraine were analyzed. One of the largest transport intersections was found to be located in the East: in China (Beijing, Shanghai), South Korea (Seoul), Japan (Tokyo, Kyoto). The classification is given depending on the functional load, location in the city system, annual volume of passengers, type of service by size (small, medium, large); type of volumetric-spatial solution. The main principles of the formation of volumetric and spatial solutions are formulated. In the development of the planning structure, the following main functional blocks were identified: transport and transport arteries; storage areas and platforms; communications and transitions (vertical and horizontal, transitions, stairs, elevators, escalators); service of regular and rest transit passengers; trade and entertainment; "intercepting" parking lots and city public transport stops. There are three main types of planning configuration of junctions and landfills, determined in particular by the shape of the plots under construction and the urban planning situation.

The influence of job accessibility on individual labor income: Evidence for the City of Recife, Brazil

Focused on the city of Recife, the fourth most densely populated state capital in Brazil, this study uses a probit model and precise and unique information about individuals' residential and job locations to estimate the effect of job accessibility on the individual probability of being a low-wage worker. To deal with the potential endogeneity of the job accessibility measure, we consider an instrumental variable based on the historical railways of the city. The results indicate that better job accessibility significantly reduces the chance of being a low-wage worker, and this effect is stronger for individuals using private vehicles than for those using public transport. The evidence indicates that the spatial location of an individual's residence matters for its labor market results and is consistent with the poor functioning of the city's public transport system.