Experience in the design and construction of service facilities located at ‏transport hubs

Abstract

The article analyzes the latest research, experience in the design and construction of transport interchanges. The main trends and directions of the architectural and planning solution of the service facilities located in them have been identified. The formation of service facilities is influenced by the dynamics of the development of nearby districts and residential areas, the urban development situation, and social and economic conditions. Direct interdependence is observed - provided the population increases in the adjacent residential areas and the production potential of local industrial enterprises increases several times, while the traffic load of the relevant transport arteries, transfer stations and transport junctions and nodes increases. Transport interchanges and stations of the city of Kyiv, Ukraine were analyzed. One of the largest transport intersections was found to be located in the East: in China (Beijing, Shanghai), South Korea (Seoul), Japan (Tokyo, Kyoto). The classification is given depending on the functional load, location in the city system, annual volume of passengers, type of service by size (small, medium, large); type of volumetric-spatial solution. The main principles of the formation of volumetric and spatial solutions are formulated. In the development of the planning structure, the following main functional blocks were identified: transport and transport arteries; storage areas and platforms; communications and transitions (vertical and horizontal, transitions, stairs, elevators, escalators); service of regular and rest transit passengers; trade and entertainment; "intercepting" parking lots and city public transport stops. There are three main types of planning configuration of junctions and landfills, determined in particular by the shape of the plots under construction and the urban planning situation.