Public Banks Research Articles

Establishment and characterization of NCC-ASPS2-C1: a novel patient-derived cell line of alveolar soft part sarcoma.

Alveolar soft part sarcoma (ASPS) is a rare mesenchymal tumor characterized by rearrangement of the ASPSCR1 and TFE3 genes and a histologically distinctive pseudoalveolar pattern. ASPS progresses slowly, but is prone to late metastasis. As ASPS is refractory to conventional chemotherapy, the only curative treatment is complete surgical resection. The prognosis of advanced and metastatic cases is poor, highlighting the need for preclinical research to develop appropriate treatment options. However, ASPS is extremely rare, accounting for < 1% of all soft tissue sarcomas, and only one patient-derived ASPS cell line is available from public cell banks worldwide for research. This study reports the establishment of a novel ASPS cell line derived from the primary tumor tissue of an ASPS patient, named NCC-ASPS2-C1. This cell line retains the ASPSCR1-TFE3 fusion gene, which is characteristic of ASPS. The characterization of this cell line revealed stable growth, spheroid formation, and invasive properties. By screening a drug library using NCC-ASPS2-C1, we identified several drugs that inhibited the proliferation of ASPS cells. In conclusion, the establishment of NCC-ASPS2-C1 provides a valuable resource for advancing ASPS research and developing novel treatments for this challenging disease.

Good corporate governance improves banking financial performance

This study aims to determine (1) the effect of Institutional Ownership on the Financial Performance of Go Public Banks listed on the IDX, (2) the influence of the Independent Board of Commissioners on the Financial Performance of Go Public Banks listed on the IDX, (3) the influence of the Audit Committee on the Financial Performance of Go Public Banks listed on the IDX. The population of this study is all public banks listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange for the 2018-2022 period, totaling 43 banks. Sample selection through purposive sampling method. There were 27 banking companies that met the criteria as a research sample so that the research data amounted to 135. The data analysis technique used is descriptive statistics. The results of this study show that Institutional Ownership has a positive and significant effect on Banking Financial Performance. The Board of Independent Commissioners has an insignificant positive effect on the Financial Performance of the Banks. The Audit Committee has an insignificant positive effect on Banking Financial Performance

To Study Job-related Stress on Employee Performance between Private and Public Sector Banks

This research abstract focuses on investigating the correlation between job-related stress and employee performance within both private and public sector banks. The study aims to discern potential differences in stress levels and performance outcomes between these two sectors. By employing comparative analysis, the research seeks to shed light on how varying organizational structures and work environments influence the relationship between job-related stress and employee performance. Understanding these dynamics can offer valuable insights for policymakers and organizational leaders to develop effective strategies for enhancing employee well-being and productivity in the banking industry. The research included a total 60 participants from both public and private banks located in Thrissur, Kerala. Data collection involved using the Census method to gather responses from individual employees, and statistical analyses such as correlation, and independent t-sample tests were conducted using SPSS version 26.0 to examine the data.

Overlapping lending by the European Investment Bank and the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development

ABSTRACT One of the main criticisms of contemporary lending practice by different multilateral public banks in Europe made by scholars and policymakers focuses on overlapping loans, which can create duplications and inefficiencies. However, no database exists on the lending overlaps between these banks. With the aim of analysing these overlaps, all lending by the two major multilateral public banks in Europe, the European Investment Bank and the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development, were merged into a single database. This new database allows researchers to assess lending overlap, regarding its size, evolution, and geography, facilitating an inquiry into the extent to which banks coordinate this overlapping lending.

Banking and Investment in the Future: Unveiling Opportunities and Research Necessities for Long-Term Growth

The current era in the banking and investment sectors is marked by significant shifts propelled by new regulations, changing consumer preferences, and rapid advancements in technology. These forces are not only reshaping the operational landscape but are also setting the stage for future transformations. This paper delves into the heart of these changes, examining how the banking and investment arenas are adapting and what challenges they may encounter moving forward. It highlights the importance of research in identifying opportunities for growth and innovation within this dynamic environment. In particular, the advent of artificial intelligence (AI), the tightening of regulatory frameworks, and the emergence of public banking initiatives are creating new paradigms. Likewise, the integration of financial technology and digitalization is opening up unprecedented avenues for customer engagement and service delivery. However, these advancements also bring challenges, including managing the digital transition and addressing workforce needs in the face of automation and new competencies. This comprehensive analysis aims to equip investment banks and financial institutions with the insights necessary to navigate the evolving financial landscape successfully. By understanding the current state of the industry and anticipating future trends, these entities can strategically position themselves to leverage technological innovations, comply with regulatory demands, and meet the ever-changing preferences of their customers. Ultimately, this paper seeks to foster a dialogue that will lead to more informed decision-making and strategic planning, ensuring that the banking and investment sectors can continue to thrive in an increasingly complex and interconnected global economy.

Priority and non-priority sector GNPAS in Indian commercial banks: a comparison between sub-sectors

Purpose This study aims to examine the impact and contribution of priority and non-priority sectors, as well as their sub-sectors, on the gross non-performing assets of public, private and foreign sector banks. Design/methodology/approach The Reserve Bank of India's database on the Indian economy is used to retrieve data over 13 years (2008–2021). Public sector (12), private sector (22) and foreign sector (44) banks are represented in the sample. Two-way ANOVA, multiple regression and panel regression statistical techniques are used in SPSS and EViews to examine the data. Further, the results are also validated by using robustness testing by applying the fully modified ordinary least square (FMOLS) and dynamic least square (DOLS) regression. Findings The results showed that, for private and foreign banks, the non-priority sector makes up the majority of the total gross non-performing assets, although both the priority and non-priority sectors are substantial for public sector banks. The largest contributors to the total gross non-performing assets in public, private and foreign banks are industries, agriculture and micro and small businesses. The FMOLS displays robustness results that are qualitatively similar to the baseline result. Practical implications Based on the study's findings about the patterns of non-performing assets originating from these specific industries, banks might improve the way in which these advanced loans are managed. Originality/value There has not been much research done on the subject of sub-sector-specific non-performing assets and how they affect total gross non-performing assets across the three sector banks. The study's primary focus will be on the issue of non-performing assets in the priority’s and non-priority’s sub-sectors, namely, agricultural, micro and small businesses, food credit, industries, services, retail loans and other priority and non-priority sectors.

The Relationship between Digital Transformation in The Banking and Compulsive Buying "An Empirical Study on Customers of Egyptian Public Banks"

The Relationship between Digital Transformation in The Banking and Compulsive Buying "An Empirical Study on Customers of Egyptian Public Banks"

BANKING SUSTAINABILITY IN INDONESIA

Background: As part of the nations economic drive, the public bank company is committed to supporting environmentally sound economic development. The intermediation function in the banking industry is in a unique position in sustainable development. Methods: The study uses explanatory methods. The samples are sustainability and financial report of pubic banking sector companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) during 2018-2022. This study proves that sustainability reports disclosure a positive response in implementing sustainable banking issues under the guidance of Bank Indonesia as the central bank. Result: The result studies are expected to reveal banking and policy making regarding the concept of sustainable banking on sustainable development in Indonesia. This study shows that stakeholder, legitimacy, and signaling theories can produce strategic design for sustainable development objectives for public banking companies. Conclusion: Therefore, investor can look at the company’s sustainability report disclosures to predict the company’s value. Originality/Value: The novelty of this research is the current policies and implementation status of sustainability in the banking industry of Indonesia with special reference to Financial Inclusion (FI), Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR), and Green Banking (GB).

Risk governance and regulatory adjustments in the public commercial banks of OECD

PurposeThis study aims to explore the relationship between risk governance characteristics (chief risk officer [CRO], chief financial officer [CFO] and senior directors [SENIOR]) and regulatory adjustments (RAs) in Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development public commercial banks.Design/methodology/approachUsing principal component analysis (PCA) and regression models, the research analyzes a representative data set of these banks.FindingsA significant negative correlation between risk governance characteristics and RAs is found. Sensitivity analysis on the regulatory Tier 1 capital ratio and the total capital ratio indicates mixed outcomes, suggesting a complex relationship that warrants further exploration.Research limitations/implicationsThe study’s limited sample size calls for further research to confirm findings and explore risk governance’s impact on banks’ capital structures.Practical implicationsEnhanced risk governance could reduce RAs, influencing banking policy.Social implicationsThe study advocates for improved banking regulatory practices, potentially increasing sector stability and public trust.Originality/valueThis study contributes to understanding risk governance’s role in regulatory compliance, offering insights for policymaking in banking.

Risks and financial performance of Indian banks: a cursory look at the COVID-19 period

PurposeThe novel coronavirus (COVID-19) has caused financial stress and limited their lending agility, resulting in more non-performing loans (NPLs) and lower performance during the II wave of the coronavirus crisis. Therefore, it is essential to identify the risky factors influencing the financial performance of Indian banks spanning 2018–2022.Design/methodology/approachOur sample consists of a balanced panel dataset of 75 scheduled commercial banks from three different ownership groups, including public, private and foreign banks, that were actively engaged in their operations during 2018–2022. Factor identification is performed via a fixed-effects model (FEM) that solves the issue of heterogeneity across different with banks over time. Additionally, to ensure the robustness of our findings, we also identify the risky drivers of the financial performance of Indian banks using an alternative measure, the pooled ordinary least squares (OLS) model.FindingsEmpirical evidence indicates that default risk, solvency risk and COVAR reduce financial performance in India. However, high liquidity, Z-score and the COVID-19 crisis enhance the financial performance of Indian banks. Unsystematic risk and systemic risk factors play an important role in determining the prognosis of COVID-19. The study supports the “bad-management,” “moral hazard” and “tail risk spillover of a single bank to the system” hypotheses. Public sector banks (PSBs) have considerable potential to achieve financial performance while controlling unsystematic risk and exogenous shocks relative to their peer group. Finally, robustness check estimates confirm the coefficients of the main model.Practical implicationsThis study contributes to the knowledge in the banking literature by identifying risk factors that may affect financial performance during a crisis nexus and providing information about preventive measures. These insights are valuable to bankers, academics, managers and regulators for policy formulation. The findings of this paper provide important insights by considering all the risk factors that may be responsible for reducing the probability of financial performance in the banking system of an emerging market economy.Originality/valueThe empirical analysis has been done with a fresh perspective to consider unsystematic risk, systemic risk and exogenous risk (COVID-19) with the financial performance of Indian banks. Furthermore, none of the existing banking literature explicitly explores the drivers of the I and II waves of COVID-19 while considering COVID-19 as a dependent variable. Therefore, the aim of the present study is to make efforts in this direction.

Analysis of the Effects of Agency Costs on Financial Performance of Commercial Banks Listed at the Nairobi Securities Exchange in Mombasa County, Kenya

Agency costs result from a principal-agent relationship's conflicting interests. The relationship develops because the principal may not be able to manage the business since they are technologically illiterate, numerous, and geographically spread; as a result, they hire the agent. In a commercial bank, there are various relationships that show principal agent relationships, with the most prevalent one being the link between the shareholders and the management. Agency fees are paid with the intention of aligning the agents' and principal's ambitions in order to realize the principal's overarching intentions. Therefore, the perseverance of this study was to analyze agency costs and their effects on financial performance. In this study, the agency cost on financial performance of public commercial banks was analyzed. Specific objectives were; to establish how monitoring cost affect the financial performance of quoted commercial banks in Mombasa County, to assess the effect of bonding cost on financial performance of listed commercial banks in Mombasa county, to examine the extent to which residual loss affect the financial performance of commercial banks in Mombasa county and to determine the effects of restructuring cost on financial performance of listed commercial banks in Mombasa County- directed the study. Theories supporting this study were as follows; agency theories, free cash flow and stakeholder’s theory. Descriptive design is a kind of research methodology which establishes the connection between variables. It was used in this study to identify both the broad and the detailed study goals. A census of the 10 listed commercial banks in Mombasa County was conducted as part of the work and purposive sampling was be used. This study used qualitative and quantitative methods. Validity was tested through interview while reliability was tested using Cronbach alpha. The data was analyzed using inferential statistics like regression and correlation and descriptive statistics like mean and standard deviation using the Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) Version 22.0. The results were presented using cross tabulation, frequency tables, and charts. Findings indicated that there was a significant impact between; monitoring cost, bonding cost and residual cost and the financial performance. Restructuring cost were determined to have a favourable impact on financial performance. Therefore, the study recommends implementing an efficient internal control system by listed commercial bank management. This will assist in cutting down on the cost of auditing, administrative costs, and wasteful and unneeded spending, Managers should be paid more and attaching monetary or share bonuses or option entitlements to particular firm performance and to adopt a type of restructuring that will align with the relevant strategy and objectives.

Establishment and characterization of NCC-DFSP5-C1: a novel patient-derived dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans cell line.

Dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans (DFSP) is the most prevalent dermal sarcoma, characterized by the presence of the fusion of the collagen type I alpha 1 (COL1A1) gene with the platelet-derived growth factor beta chain (PDGFB) gene. Although PDGF receptor inhibitor imatinib mesylate was approved for the treating patients with unresectable or metastatic DFSP, disease progression was shown in 9.2% of the patients. Therefore, developing novel therapeutic strategies is crucial for improving the prognosis of DFSP. Patient-derived cell lines play a vital role in preclinical studies; however, only a limited number of DFSP cell lines are currently available in public cell banks. Here, we successfully established a novel DFSP cell line (NCC-DFSP5-C1) using surgically resected tumor tissue from a patient with DFSP. NCC-DFSP5-C1 cells were confirmed to carry the COL1A1-PDGFB translocation and maintain the same mutation as the original tumor tissue. They exhibited consistent growth, formed spheroids, and were invasive. By screening a drug library using NCC-DFSP5-C1 and four previously established DFSP cell lines, we identified anti-cancer drugs that inhibit DFSP cell proliferation. Our observations suggest that the NCC-DFSP5-C1 cell line holds promise as a valuable tool for conducting fundamental and preclinical studies for DFSP.

Perspectives for the Use of Umbilical Cord Blood in Transplantation and Beyond: Initiatives for an Advanced and Sustainable Public Banking Program in Greece.

The umbilical cord blood (UCB) donated in public UCB banks is a source of hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) alternative to bone marrow for allogeneic HSC transplantation (HSCT). However, the high rejection rate of the donated units due to the strict acceptance criteria and the wide application of the haploidentical HSCT have resulted in significant limitation of the use of UCB and difficulties in the economic sustainability of the public UCB banks. There is an ongoing effort within the UCB community to optimize the use of UCB in the field of HSCT and a parallel interest in exploring the use of UCB for applications beyond HSCT i.e., in the fields of cell therapy, regenerative medicine and specialized transfusion medicine. In this report, we describe the mode of operation of the three public UCB banks in Greece as an example of an orchestrated effort to develop a viable UCB banking system by (a) prioritizing the enrichment of the national inventory by high-quality UCB units from populations with rare human leukocyte antigens (HLA), and (b) deploying novel sustainable applications of UCB beyond HSCT, through national and international collaborations. The Greek paradigm of the public UCB network may become an example for countries, particularly with high HLA heterogeneity, with public UCB banks facing sustainability difficulties and adds value to the international efforts aiming to sustainably expand the public UCB banking system.

The role of sharia microfinance institutions in developing MSMEs

This study aims to investigate and identify the current conditions regarding the role of Sharia microfinance institutions in developing MSME businesses. The community needs Microfinance institutions, especially low-income groups and small and micro-entrepreneurs who have yet to be reached by banking financial services, especially public banks. In providing loans to MSMEs, microfinance institutions must effectively educate and equip their clients with relevant entrepreneurial knowledge and skills. This research will use a qualitative approach with a case study method, which does not use statistical generalizations but uses logical generalizations and replication. Three Sharia microfinance institutions and sixteen MSME cases will be selected in this research. The research was conducted at Sharia Microfinance Institutions as providers of microcredit and MSMEs receiving microcredit in the Southern region of the Special Region of Yogyakarta, Gunungkidul, and Kulonprogo. This research will use three data collection methods, namely interviews, observation, and documentation, to maintain the validity and reliability of the data. Data triangulation is used to test the validity of the data. The data analysis process in this research uses two stages: descriptive analysis and case analysis. The findings of this research show hope regarding the promise of easy access to capital or funding sources as an effective tool for improving MSME business development through effectiveness, supervision, and guidance carried out by Sharia microfinance institutions. This change can be realized if the community has economic stability obtained through easy access to capital, increasing business income, and empowering the community to be ready to become entrepreneurs. It supports the development of a creative economy industry based on entrepreneurship and globally competitive ethics.

A Study on Management of Non-Performing Assets in Context of Public Banks Sectors

The management of Non-Performing Assets (NPAs) remains a critical concern, especially within the public sector, where financial institutions play a pivotal role in supporting economic growth. This study aims to comprehensively analyse and evaluate the strategies employed by public sector entities to effectively manage NPAs, considering the unique challenges and regulatory frameworks governing these institutions. KEYWORDS; NON PERFPRMING ASSETS, PUBLIC SECTOR BANKS, FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT, ASSET QUALITY, RISK MITIGATION, . CREDIT RISK, BANKING SECTOR

Comparative Analysis of Sustainable Banking in Public and Private Sector Banks in Sri Lanka

Sustainable banking is still an emerging concept in the world. While different World Bank organizations interpret sustainable banking differently using different dimensions, it will contribute for the sustainability and longevity of the earth by reducing the indirect negative impacts of the banking sector generated through customer activities. In Sri Lanka, attention on sustainable banking is still emerging. Thus, the objectives of this study are to analyze the strategies used in sustainable banking worldwide, to compare sustainable practices of selected public and private sector banks in Sri Lanka, to determine the advantages of sustainable banking practices to Sri Lankan banks and customers, to determine the customer perception on sustainable banking in Sri Lanka and to provide recommendations for future development of sustainable banking concept in the country. This study was commenced from June 2021 until May 2022. World-recognized standards related to sustainable banking were reviewed and a comparative analysis in the public and private banks operating in Sri Lanka was carried out using the primary data collected by interviews with sustainability officers of banks and secondary data collected from the annual reports of banks. Questionnaire surveys were conducted among 302 retail customers and 82 corporate sector customers. Information was gathered on customer perception on sustainable banking and the benefits of sustainable banking on banks and customers through these studies. The results revealed that out of 2 public sector banks and 11 private sector banks in Sri Lanka, 9 private sector banks and 2 public sector banks showed a satisfactory level of implementation. Questionnaire surveys of customers have shown that there is low customer perception towards the concept. The awareness of the concept among retail customers and corporate customers on sustainable banking is 32.12% and 9.8% respectively. 92.1% of retail customers have responded that there are benefits from sustainable banking for customers, while 78% of corporate customers have responded that there are benefits for them through sustainable banking initiatives. As per the findings, banks could gain benefits such as a good corporate image, enhanced reputation, business growth, moving towards new eras of financing, cost reduction, managing risk using the thorough process in risk management and awards. As Sri Lanka is slowly implementing sustainable banking practices it is recommended to have a regulatory approach. Under this regulatory approach, the banks will have action plans within a specific time period to develop and implement sustainable banking practices more effectively. The requirement of a rating system/ assessing tool is highlighted in this study's recommendations and this would direct Sri Lankan banking sector for better future developments in sustainable banking. &#x0D; Keywords: Green banking, Environmental sustainability, Triple bottom line, Customer satisfaction, Commercial banks

Public Development Banks as Essential Infrastructure: Covid, the KfW, and Public Purpose

ABSTRACT The sudden impact of the Covid-19 global pandemic threw societies into crisis, with their capacity to respond effectively dependent on existing public infrastructure. This article examines the case of Germany and its large public development bank, the KfW, during the pandemic. This paper argues that the KfW’s pandemic responses substantiate the bank as ‘essential public infrastructure’ and, moreover, as one that can function according to public purpose. That is, the KfW functions were essential to enabling society to respond to Covid-19 according to public purpose that was in the public interest. The lessons of the KfW, Covid-19, and public purpose have relevance to the future of public development bank financing of green and just transitions.

Comparative Study of Training and Development Programmes in Public and Private Banks: Impact on Employee Performance in Jaipur

This paper presents a comprehensive comparative analysis of training and development programs in public and private banks operating in Jaipur and examines their influence on employee performance. The study aims to shed light on the varying approaches, effectiveness, and outcomes of training initiatives in these two distinct sectors. Drawing upon a robust theoretical framework and employing a mixed-methods research design, the study explores how training and development programs enhance employee performance in the banking industry. The literature review offers a comprehensive overview of training and development practices in the banking sector, highlighting theoretical underpinnings and empirical studies that underscore the pivotal role of training in shaping employee capabilities and organizational outcomes. By investigating the different training methodologies, content delivery mechanisms, and employee engagement strategies, this study seeks to identify the factors that differentiate training and development approaches in public and private banks. Through a combination of surveys, interviews, and performance metrics analysis, the research examines the tangible impact of training and development programs on employee performance indicators such as productivity, job satisfaction, and skill acquisition. The study aims to provide empirical evidence of the correlation between effective training strategies and enhanced employee performance by conducting an in-depth comparative analysis of employee performance outcomes between the two sectors.

Analisis Kinerja Keuangan pada PT. Bank Sinarmas Tbk yang Terdaftar pada Bursa Efek Indonesia Tahun 2019 – 2023

The strategic role of banking as an intermediary institution manifests through its ability to gather and channel funds from the public to support economic activities, ultimately enhancing the stability of the country's economic structure. The importance of banking health in the fund collection process requires a sound condition and banking services that attract public interest. Bank health evaluation can be conducted through various methods, including the CAMEL method covering capital, asset quality, management, earnings, and liquidity, as well as the RGEC method encompassing Risk Profile, Good Corporate Governance, Earnings, and Capital. Bank Sinarmas, as one of the public banks in Indonesia, has played a significant role in economic recovery through the distribution of People's Business Credit (KUR) and its success in maintaining the health of the banking sector. This research is descriptive with a quantitative approach, utilizing literature review and documentation as data collection techniques. The results of this study indicate that the financial condition of PT Bank Sinarmas Tbk from 2019 to 2023 can be classified as generally “healthy”. However, in terms of Asset Quality and Management aspects, it falls into the "Fairly Healthy" category, while in terms of Profitability, specifically the Return on Asset (ROA) ratio, it is categorized as "Less Healthy." The findings are expected to serve as a guide for the company, assisting in maintaining a healthy financial state and improving areas that are less healthy to uphold public trust. The research contributes to academic literature, serving as a significant reference for the development of financial management knowledge, particularly in the analysis of financial statements. It is also envisioned as a foundation for further research with similar focuses. As guidance for future researchers, it is recommended to broaden the scope of research by involving other financial ratio indicators, following the latest methods in accordance with the regulatory framework of financial institution supervision in Indonesia.

Legal implications of automated suspicious transaction monitoring: enhancing integrity of AI

AbstractThe fast-paced advances of technology, including artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML), continue to create new opportunities for banks and other financial institutions. This study reveals the barriers to trust in AI by prudential banking supervisors (compliance with regulations). We conducted a qualitative study on the drivers for adoption of explainability technologies that increase transparency and understanding of complex algorithms (some of the underpinning legal principles in the proposed EU AI Act). By using human-centred and ethics-by-design methods coupled with interviews of the key stakeholders from Eastern European private and public banks and IT AI/ML developers, this research has identified the key challenges concerning the employment of AI algorithms. The results indicate a conflicting view of AI barriers whilst revealing the importance of AI/ML systems in banks, the growing willingness of banks to use such systems more widely, and the problematic aspects of implementing AI/ML systems related to their cost and economic efficiency. Keeping up with the complex regulation requirements comes at a significant cost to banks and financial firms. The focus of the empirical study, stakeholders in Ukraine, Estonia and Poland, was chosen because of the fact that there has been a sharp increase in the adoption of AI/ML models in this jurisdiction in the context of its war with Russia and the ensuing sanctions regime. While the “leapfrogging” AI/ML paths in each bank surveyed had its own drivers and challenges, these insights provide lessons for banks in other European jurisdictions. The analysis of four criminal cases brought against top banks and conclusions of the study indicate that the increase in predicate crimes for money laundering, constantly evolving sanctions regime along with the enhanced scrutiny and enforcement action against banks are hindering technology innovation and legal implications of using AI driven tools for compliance.