Public Banks Research Articles

Do Corporate Governance and Bank-Specific Factors Matter On Banking Financial Performance?

Purpose: This study explores and presents empirical evidence on the influence of self-assessment of bank corporate governance and bank-specific factors on the financial performance of commercial banks in Indonesia. Methodology/approach: We conducted the study on 35 Indonesian public banks listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange from 2017 to 2021. Using structural equation modeling, a thorough analysis was performed on a dataset of 160 observation samples that were carefully selected through purposive sampling. Findings: This study found that the implementation of corporate governance, which is proxied by the rating of self-assessment of corporate governance, and bank-specific factors significantly affect bank financial performance. The better the corporate governance self-assessment rating, the better the bank's financial performance. Other results indicate that bank-specific factors, as reflected by bank ownership, size, and diversification, significantly positively contribute to bank financial performance. Practical implications: This research aims to provide valuable insights that can support the Indonesian Financial Services Authority (OJK) in implementing effective corporate governance practices. It focuses on enhancing risk management, strengthening the bank's internal capacity, and ensuring compliance with regulations to promote best practices in bank management. Originality/value: This study provides new insight by examining the factors influencing financial performance in the banking sector, focusing on bank-specific factors and the regulatory aspects of Indonesian banking governance.

Can board funds, bank credit, and economic development improve food production? Evidence from South Asia

PurposeThis study investigates the impact of board funds, banking credit, and economic development on food production in the context of South Asian economies (India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, and Nepal).Design/methodology/approachThis study used data from the World Development Indicators covering the years 1991–2019. To investigate the relationship between the variables of the study, we employed the panel unit root test, panel cointegration test, cross-sectional dependence test, fully modified least squares (FMOLS), and panel dynamic least squares (DOLS) estimators.FindingsThe empirical results indicate that board funding significantly increase food production; however, banking credit had a negative impact. Furthermore, the findings indicate that economic development, Arable land, fertilizer consumption, and agricultural employment play a leading role in enhancing food production. The results of the Dumitrescu-Hurlin causality test also show substantiated the significance of the causal relationship among all variables.Practical implicationsSouth Asian countries should prioritize board funding, bank credit, and economic development in their long-term strategies. Ensuring financial access for farmers through micro-credit and public bank initiatives can spur agricultural productivity and economic growth.Originality/valueThis study is the first to combine board funding, banking credit, and economic development to better comprehend their potential impact on food production. Instead of using traditional approaches, this study focuses on these financial and developmental aspects as critical determinants for increasing food production, using evidence from South Asia.

Impact of board gender diversity on performance of public sector vis-à-vis private sector banks in India

PurposeThe Companies Act of 2013 stressed upon gender diversity in the board of management considering the significant role of women toward the success of an organization. Following it, both public and private sector banks in India implemented the act from 2015 onward. This study aims to investigate whether its implementation has improved board gender diversity uniformly across public and private sector banks. Furthermore, the authors study the impact of board gender diversity on the performance of public and private sector banks in India.Design/methodology/approachSecondary data on listed Indian commercial banks for the period 2015–2021 have been used in this study that encompasses 15 commercial and 12 public sector banks. Return on assets, return on equity and Tobin’s Q are considered as the banking performance indicators in this study, while gender diversity of the board is measured by using Blau index. Furthermore, generalized method of moments has been adopted to analyze the effect of board gender diversity on performance of the Indian banking sector.FindingsEmpirical results exhibit that board gender diversity has been gradually improving since 2015 in both public and private sector banks in India. However, board diversity in case of public sector banks is seen to be lower than that of private sector banks. Furthermore, this study found a significant impact of board diversity on the performance indicators of both public and private sector banks.Practical implicationsThis study gives a clear picture that board diversity of both public and private banks has remained quite low over the years. Apparently, women representation has been found to be less than 50% throughout the period of 2015–2021. As board diversity has significant impact on banking performance, it is important on the part of banks to take proper steps to improve the board diversity.Originality/valueThis study has added to the existing literature by highlighting on the divergence between gender diversity across public and private sector banks in India. It emphasizes on the need to improve gender diversity by a significant increase in the proportion of women in the board to create an impact on decision-making.

Hybrid cord blood banking in a private-public-partnership: Women's perspectives.

The increasing demand for umbilical cord blood (UCB) used in stem cell transplantation led to the establishment of cord blood (CB) banks worldwide. These include public foreign donor banks and private family-directed donor banks. Recently, our department has introduced a third banking model within a private-public-partnership. This hybrid banking allows for storage of family-directed CB units, while also getting Human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-typed and included in the national stem cell donor registry. So if the need arises, the HLA-compatible CB unit can be released to an unrelated recipient as a foreign donor stem cell graft. The aim of this study was to evaluate women's perspectives on the different CB banking options as well as retrospective satisfaction with their decisions. We performed a prospective survey study in postpartum women, using a validated questionnaire. A total of 157 women were included in this survey study; 68% of them decided to have their UCB stored or donated. Among those women, 25% of them opted for hybrid storage, 72% of respondents stored UCB publicly, and 3% decided for private family-directed storage. Our study shows the potential of hybrid banking as an attractive UCB storage option, as an alternative to family-directed banking rather than a substitute for public donation. Hybrid storage potentially combines advantages of family-directed banking as well as unrelated CB donation expanding the number of registered CB units available for transplantation and giving every pregnant woman the possibility to store UCB.

Internet bez barier? Osoby niewidome i słabowidzące o swoich doświadczeniach w sieci

Introduction: The accessibility of websites for blind and visually impaired people results from international regulations (ONZ, 2006) and national regulations (Act, 2019a; Act, 2019b). People with visual disabilities are exposed to digital exclusion related to the lack of access to information resulting from the maladjustment of websites as well as limited access to appropriate software that facilitates the use of the Internet. Research Aim: The aim of the research was to learn the opinions of blind and visually impaired people regarding changes in the accessibility of websites of public and private institutions, to determine the barriers in access to the content posted on websites and to determine the opportunities offered by the Internet for blind and visually impaired people. Method: The diagnostic survey method and a tool – an original survey questionnaire were used. 102 blind and visually impaired people took part in the research. The Kruskal-Wallis H test as well as the Mann-Whitney U test were used in the statistical analysis. Results: The obtained results prove that there are statistically significant differences: in the assessment of the accessibility of websites of public institutions, banking and financial institutions; in using a screen reader (paid, free); in the use of subsidies from PFRON funds for the purchase of equipment/software conditioned by the level of education, degree of disability, gender and place of residence of the surveyed people. Conclusions: The accessibility of websites of public institutions has improved after the adoption of the Accessibility Act of 2019, partly also of private institutions. Blind and visually impaired people encounter financial and digital barriers related to access to the Internet, some of the respondents are exposed to digital exclusion, which makes it difficult to use the opportunities offered by the Internet.

Creating Low‐Carbon Economies: Probing Transition Dynamics through the Lens of Field Theory

AbstractWe employ field theory as an approach to analysing sustainable regional development by reconciling funding needs and funding procurement. Initial expectations that private capital would bridge the financial gap to decarbonize our economies and societies have not materialized. Instead, state‐led coalitions increasingly introduce spatialized decarbonization strategies in which public development banks are pivotal, yet underappreciated, actors. Field theory provides a fresh perspective for mapping the particular context in which regional industrial policies intersect with broader national and supra‐national investment programmes and funding needs for these long‐term initiatives. Transitions are typically directed but open‐ended social processes, necessitating agency to both alter context and institutions and stabilize the emerging new structures. Field theory can surpass limitations in approaches like transition studies and integrate change mechanisms across scales.

Essential Factors and How they Affect Demographic Variables in the Corporate Environment to Maintain Work-Life Balance

Work-life balance (WLB) remains a significant concern for industries, with research highlighting the consequences of imbalance between work and family life. In today's competitive global landscape, companies supporting WLB practices gain a competitive edge. This study aims to explore the impact of demographic variables on WLB factors in Haryana, India. A sample of 300 employees from various private and public banking and insurance branches was analyzed using one-way ANOVA. The study finds that technological advancements have facilitated the implementation of WLB practices, blurring the boundaries between work and personal life. However, despite family-friendly policies, many employees still perceive negative consequences. Normative attitudes and values continue to influence gender roles, affecting women's career prospects. Supervisors' awareness of WLB practices varies, influencing their ability to support employees. Organizations are increasingly focused on fostering a supportive workplace culture to accommodate employees' expectations regarding both family and professional life

EXAMINING THE DETERMINANTS OF VENTURE CAPITAL INVESTMENT SUCCESS IN START UP COMPANIES

The Indian startup scene has witnessed an unparalleled upsurge in recent times, garnering interest from both local and global quarters. The plethora of creative concepts, in conjunction with a favorable legislative framework and heightened accessibility to venture capital (VC) funds, has driven India to the forefront of the global startup investment landscape. In this ever-changing environment, it is imperative that researchers, practitioners, and policymakers alike focus on understanding the factors that influence venture capital investment success in Indian businesses. Especially in its early phases of development, venture capital, a type of private equity funding, is essential to the development and expansion of startups. In contrast to conventional funding options like public ownership or bank loans, venture capital offers not just cash but also industry contacts, mentorship, and strategic advice—all of which are crucial tools for start-up companies navigating the cutthroat business world. As such, the success or failure of venture capital investments has important ramifications for wider economic growth and innovation ecosystems, in addition to investors and entrepreneurs. With initiatives covering a wide range of industries, including technology, e-commerce, healthcare, finance, and agriculture, among others, India's startup environment is distinguished by its diversity and energy. The Indian startup scene is characterized by a diverse range of innovative and ambitious ventures, ranging from social enterprises tackling urgent societal concerns to disruptive technology firms upending conventional wisdom. But below all of this excitement are intricate dynamics and difficulties that influence how venture capital investments turn out. A variety of internal and external factors that interact in complex ways make up the multiple and multifactorial drivers of venture capital investment success in Indian businesses. The attractiveness of investment prospects and their potential for yielding returns are influenced by market factors, such as market size, growth potential, and competitive environment. Investors consider the caliber and competencies of the management team, which consists of executives, founders, and other important individuals, while determining the feasibility and expandability of businesses.

A Study on Determinants of Non-Performing Assets in Indian Banks

The purpose of this paper is to empirically examine the effect of macroeconomic determinants on non-performing assets (NPAs) in the India’s commercial banks using a panel regression model. This study considers all public, private, and foreign sector scheduled commercial banks during a period of seventeen years from 2004-05 to 2021-22, and uses four macroeconomic variablesGDP growth rate, inflation rate, interest rate and global volatility index- to assess the impact of these variables on NPAs. The findings show that NPAs have a negative relationship with GDP growth rate, confirming a increase in economic growth would rise the incomes of people and businesses and improve the ability of repayment of loans to the banks. Remaining three macroeconomic determinants negatively associated with NPAs but they were statistically insignificant. The result of the empirical study suggests that efficient management policies at the macro level are required to reduce the level of NPAs and to maintain the stability of the performance of banks in India.

Capital Adequacy Ratio — a Panacea for Indian Banks during COVID-19 Pandemic

A stable financial system acts as a catalyst for the economic growth and development of a country. The healthy banking sector is the core of a sustainable economy as banks act as intermediaries between depositors and lenders of money. In the surge of the COVID-19 pandemic, the financial sector witnessed significant transitions in terms of digital transformation. In India, the banking sector has remained resilient throughout the pandemic due to government and regulators’ policy efforts and the maintenance of capital adequacy requirements. Banks have maintained higher capital buffers, better liquidity requirements, and lower leverage, cushions against pandemic shock. In the present paper, the researcher provides a conceptual elucidation of Basel norms, analyzes the component-wise Capital to Risk-Weighted Asset Ratio (CRAR) of Indian Scheduled Commercial Banks (SCBs) and examines the CRAR position of SCBs during the COVID-19 pandemic. The study also evaluated the distribution of SCBs by CRAR and examined the capital ratios of public, private, and foreign sector banks from 2016 to 2022. The ANOVA analysis output revealed a significant difference in the CRAR of public, private, and foreign banks. The study concludes that adequate CAR levels help banks mitigate the risks that arise during pandemic crises and aid them in conducting their banking operations effortlessly. Further, it concludes that public sector banks (PSBs) still lag behind their counterparts in maintaining adequate CRAR, and hence, they need to reduce the accumulation of risk-weighted assets (RWA).

MARKET RESEARCH SERVICES OF BANKS AND THEIR IMPACT ON PERCEPTION OF SERVICE USERS

Banks are still playing a very important role in our nation's economic development. They play an important role in the promotion of industry and commerce. The general aim of banks is to provide the peoples with monetary services, including business for their different plans. In India, the bank covers private banks, and the public banks, international banks, rural regional banks, and cooperative banks. They receive customer-term securities. Most banks have trained components to handle the financial requirements of short-scale industrial units in an organizational arrangement. Banking is a very complex, but exciting topic because it involves knowledge of economics, sociology, psychology, the essence of marketing, and banking concepts. It is the customer with the highest degree of influence in marketing. The motto of effectively selling bank goods is a in a technical and traditional manner to meet the needs of the customers. Bank, therefore, need to incorporate additional research and market intelligence to promote innovation to ensure the loyalty of customers and as well as to be aware of improvements market conditions (Ojha, V.K, 2004

Effects of Budget Deficit Financing on the Economy of Nigeria

The study investigated the effects of deficit financing on the Nigerian economy using data that covered 41 years (1981 to 2021). Real gross domestic product (RGDP) was the dependent variable, while government budget deficit financing disaggregated into different sources of budget deficit financing represented the explanatory variables. The ordinary least squares (OLS) regression method was used for the tests and analyses. Results established that both non-bank public sources of deficit financing and banking system sources of deficit financing had positive and significant effects on growth. However, non-bank public deficit financing positively led the Nigerian economy and was followed by banking system deficit financing. Both ways and means and external deficit financing sources were negative and insignificant in influencing the Nigerian economy. Ways and means were third while external deficit financing was fourth in descending order of influence on RGDP growth. The study further applied the Augmented Dickey-Fuller (ADF) approach to unit root tests and observed that the variables were integrated at both levels and first difference, leading to the application of the Autoregressive Distributed lag (ARDL) approach to data estimation. The ARDL bounds tests showed that the model specified for the study followed a long-run path and that a long-run relationship existed between the dependent variable and the explanatory variables. The estimation of the long-run and error correction estimation indicated that the independent variables had a time-varying effect on the real gross domestic product of Nigeria. That ARDL estimation of the error correction mechanism also showed that RGDP adjusted rapidly to short-run discrepancies in the long run. Finally, the error correction mechanism showed that external sources of budget deficit financing, non-banking system public deficit financing, ways and means source of deficit financing, gross capital formation, real interest rate and exchange rate, all had robust effects on growth, though with varying directions of influence. Based on the foregoing, the study has recommended deficit financing, more especially non-bank public deficit financing and banking system deficit financing as better options for attaining the much desired rapid and sustainable economic growth of Nigeria as they have been proven to be non-inflationary in practice compared to ways and means and external source of deficit financing over the years.

Human milk products in the National Health Service: a cross-sectional survey of use and industry contact across England's trusts.

Commentators and professional organisations note that an expanding market in human milk-based products (HMBPs) could reduce breastfeeding, compromising maternal and infant health, and undermine public milk bank donations. We investigate whether English NHS trusts purchased these products and whether HMBP companies have marketed to them. Freedom of Information (FOI) requests asking: (1) whether trusts obtained human milk; (2) if so, how; and (3) whether HMBP companies had approached them. We analysed trusts' responses qualitatively. In 2023, an FOI request to the Food Standards Authority (FSA) following a product recall. England. One hundred and ninety-four NHS trusts, the FSA. Obtaining human milk, approaches by companies, and trust responses to approaches. One hundred and seventy-six trusts responded, 102 reporting human milk from milk banks. No trusts reported purchasing from companies in 2022. In 2023, the FSA confirmed six English hospitals used HMBPs from one company; an FOI for trusts' names was refused on law enforcement grounds. Two trusts reported participating in clinical trials funded by companies. Twenty-one reported approaches, using several strategies, including uninvited ward visits. Trusts rejected marketing based on guidance from: (1) trust dieticians or physicians; (2) regional regulatory bodies; (3) professional bodies; and (4) perceived application of an International Code on breastfeeding. Companies market to trusts, adopting methods previously used by the formula industry. Trusts express confusion over whether this infringes agreements designed to promote breastfeeding. We encourage clarification and guidance for professionals and trusts to ensure safety, infant and maternal health, and protect public provision.

The Impact of Business Process Reengineering on the Quality of Banking Service: An Analytical Study in Public Commercial Banks in Iraq

The current research aims to test the impact of business process reengineering on the quality of banking services in public commercial banks owned by the state in Iraq. It also aims to identify the level of interest of AL- Rafidain Bank, Rashid Bank, and Trade Bank of Iraq in the research variables, in an attempt to provide a set of recommendations to contribute to improving managerial practices. The research adopted a descriptive-analytical approach in completing its chapters and sections. The study was conducted in public commercial banks in Iraq, which constituted the research population. The purposive stratified sample consisted of 170 respondents from the leadership positions of the three banks (branch managers, department managers, assistant general managers, and general managers). They were given the research instrument "questionnaire," of which 150 were valid. The questionnaire was supplemented with interviews and additional data. The researchers analyze the preliminary data, relying on descriptive and analytical statistical methods. The statistical tests included normality tests, exploratory factor analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, validity and reliability tests, mean, coefficient of variation, standard deviation, simple linear regression, and multiple regression to test the hypotheses representing the main research questions. The research findings showed a statistically significant impact of business process reengineering on the quality of banking services. Paper type: Research paper.

The role of employee ambidexterity on employee agility: a moderation analysis with employee organizational tenure

PurposeThe purpose of the study is to investigate how employee ambidexterity (studied as passive and active ambidexterity; EPA and EAA) impacts employee agility (in terms of proactivity, resilience and adaptability) along with the moderating influences of employee organizational tenure (EOT).Design/methodology/approachA simple random sampling technique is used to collect primary responses from bank managers working in various public, private and regional rural banks in India. The analysis is performed using AMOS (Version-25), a covariance-based structural equation modeling approach.FindingsThe two-folded findings include first, the EAA–agility relationship is stronger than the EPA–agility linkage. Second, EOT negatively influences the EAA–EPA–agility relationships.Originality/valueAlthough the performance impact of ambidexterity is well documented in the literature there is a dearth of empirical investigation on its agility impact. Since most of the extant researchers have studied ambidexterity and agility from an organizational context, this research highlights the less-studied ambidexterity-agility connection from an employee perspective. Further, EOT is mostly studied as a control variable, while this research investigates as a moderator influencing the ambidexterity–agility linkage in the context of emerging economies such as India.

English Assessing Banking Sector Performance: A Comparative Camel Study between Public and Private Banks

Purpose: To assess and determine the top-performing Indian public and private banks while examining any discernible disparities in their financial performance. Methodology: 12 public and 20 private banks were evaluated for financial performance from 2019 to 2023, using composite ranking and independent sample t-tests. Findings: All banks met the mandatory minimum requirement of a 9% Capital Adequacy Ratio, as revealed by the study results. The Bandhan Bank was the best performer in “Capital Adequacy” and “Earning Ability”, HDFC in “Asset Quality” and “Management Quality”, and Bank of India and IDBI Bank in “Liquidity Adequacy” parameters. Kotak Mahindra Bank secured the top position in the overall ranking, followed by IndusInd Bank and HDFC Bank. Punjab & Sind Bank, Bank of Maharashtra, and UCO Bank occupied the bottom positions. Nevertheless, most of these banks lied in a similar rank region over the last five years except Bandhan Bank, RBL Bank, and DCB Bank, who had achieved substantial success. The test results indicated a significant difference in rank performance between public and private banks in the CAMEL model, except for ratios involving liquid assets to total deposits and total assets. Lastly, looking at the trend, the study found that private banks dominated the banking industry and grew faster than public banks. Moreover, public banks were not efficiently managing advances and assets, resulting in higher NPA. Practical implication: The result of this study will be significant to regulators, government, investors, customers, and management in making decisions based on market risk.

Effectiveness of internal auditing from the lens of internal audit factors: empirical findings from the banking sector of Bangladesh

Purpose This study aims to assess the impact of determinants on the effectiveness of internal audit (IA) within the banking industry of Bangladesh. Design/methodology/approach The data was obtained through 152 survey questionnaires from a total of 43 privately owned and six state-owned commercial banks in Bangladesh. The analysis was conducted using structural equation modeling. Findings The findings demonstrate that the independence of internal auditors and the quality of IA substantially impact enhancing the efficiency of IA. On the other hand, the competence of internal auditors and management support in IA functions do not significantly impact the effectiveness of IA. Practical implications The study’s findings may have significant policy implications for the government, regulators, internal auditors, management committees and other stakeholders in establishing programmes to enhance the efficacy of IA as a component of banking audit management reforms. Originality/value This study makes three distinct contributions to the existing literature. Firstly, previous literature focused on the determinants affecting the external audit efficiency of the public companies and banking sectors in Bangladesh (Hasan, 2018; M. M. U. Reza, 2021). In this study, the author enhances the research by presenting empirical findings on the IA effectiveness of banks. Secondly, the author expands the research by incorporating both private and state-owned commercial banks as samples. Thirdly, the study is unique given that it investigates the effectiveness of IA in response to the recent financial scandals in the banking industry of Bangladesh (The Daily Star, 2023).

JOB STRESS AND ITS IMPACT ON BANK EMPLOYEES' PERFORMANCE - A CASE STUDY OF BIJNOR DISTRICT

This study wants to understand how stressed-out bank employees are and how it affects their work. We are looking at how stress and job performance are connected to people working in banks. Stress is something everyone deals with, and it is especially common in jobs like banking. We want to figure out what causes stress for bank employees and how it affects the quality of their work. This study found that stress at work can cause many problems for bank employees. It can lead to lower performance, poorer quality of work, more people quitting their jobs, and more days off due to health issues like anxiety, depression, headaches, and back pain. We are focusing on the stress experienced by bank workers in Bijnor, District. We surveyed 200 employees from different banks using a random convenience sampling method. The results showed that both private and public bank employees have a heavy workload because they work long hours and face conflicts in their roles, as well as pressure from their bosses.

Analysis of the facade and spatial quality of educational buildings of the first national architecture period: The case of Konya

In the last years of the 19th century, architects who were under the influence of the nationalist ideas that developed in the last years of the 19th century and were strengthened with the declaration of the constitutional monarchy, led to the emergence of the First National Architectural Period as a reaction. They also considered this period as an eclectic architectural style in which they reinterpreted the facade, plan and ornamental elements of Ottoman and Seljuk architecture with Western construction techniques. In this architectural process, many public buildings, hotels, bank buildings, ministry buildings, educational buildings and residences were built. Educational buildings are an important group among the new types of buildings constructed in Konya, which has maintained its political and cultural importance throughout history. In this study, the façade and spatial quality analyses of the Sanayi Mektebi, Male Teachers' High School (Dârü-l Muallimin), Girl Teachers' School (Dârü-l Muallimat) and Gazi Mustafa Kemal, Hakimiyet-i Milliye and İsmet Paşa Primary Schools, which are among the educational buildings built during the First National Architectural Period and which contributed to the identity of the city of Konya, were examined. The authenticity and conservation values of the selected educational buildings were determined and compared with each other. According to the results obtained from the façade and spatial analyses of these samples; authenticity values are determined depending on the rate of having the characteristics of the period and conservation criteria. The fact that no previous study has been carried out in this period and group of buildings using the method defined increases the originality value of the subject.

Implementasi Metode Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM) Sebagai Penetapan Keputusan Investasi Saham Berdasarkan Undervalue dan Overvalue (Studi pada Sektor Perbankan di BEI Periode 2018-2022)

The study aims to implement the CAPM (Capital Asset Pricing Model) method in undervalued and overvalued equity investment decisions in the banking sector in the EIB during the period 2018-2022. This research method uses descriptive quantitative methods. The data source used is secondary data of the closing price per month of the Bank listed on the Indonesian Stock Exchange and the Financial Services Authority during the period June 2018 s/d December 2022. Sampling using purposive sampling technique of 5 National Private Public Bank (BUSN) Devisa. The results of this study showed that of the 5 shares of the company that were the sample of the research, 1 company shares became undervalue, namely the company of the Bank of Jewelry (BNLI) where the rate of return of individual shares is greater than the expected return, while 4 other companies were included in the overvalue shares: Bank Central Asia (BBCA), Bank Pan Indonesia (PNBN), Bank CIMB Niaga (BNGA), and Bank OCBC NISP (NISP) whose individual share return rate is smaller than its expected return.