Psychophysiological Characteristics Research Articles

MASTERING ENDOSCOPIC SURGERY SKILLS BY SURGEONS

An informative experiment involved two groups of surgeons during the endoscopic surgery training. The first group comprised the doctors with left hemisphere dominant (right-handed); the second comprised the doctors with right hemisphere dominant (left-handed). Group 1 of doctors showed better and more effective practical skills in endoscopic surgery compare to group 2. According to the results of the educational experiment, it was established that the left-handed and right-handed doctors have different psychophysiological features and they comprehend the necessary practical skills in endoscopic surgery differently. For the effective and comprehensive development of practical skills in this discipline, more attention should be paid to persons with dominance of the right cerebral hemisphere.

Effects of Transient and Prolonged Uncontrollable Stress on Animals of Dominant and Subordinate Social Status with Different Types of Stress Reactions

The aim of the present work was to study the effects of transient and prolonged uncontrollable stress on the behavior of animals with different types of stress reactions and social status. Transient stress (forced swimming for 5 min) led to suppression of movement activity in subordinate animals with the inactive type of stress reaction, while only one behavioral component of the stress reactions – grooming – appeared in active dominant animals. Exposure to prolonged uncontrollable stress (immobilization in tight cages for 4 h/day for five days) in active dominants, in contrast to inactive subordinates, produced signs of a depression-like state apparent as a significant decrease in body weight, increases in anhedonia and anxiety, decreases in movement and exploratory activity on day 5, and increases in pain thresholds compared with baseline. Subordinates with the inactive type of stress reactions showed stress reactions on day 5 of exposure consisting of decreases in movement and exploratory activity and increases in anxiety. Transient and prolonged uncontrollable stress had different actions on animals with different social status and behavioral strategies. These data may be useful for individual selection of appropriate antidepressants on the basis of psychophysiological characteristics.

Значение пластической анатомии и анатомического рисунка фигуры человека в педагогическом образовании

The article substantiates the importance of plastic anatomy and the anatomical drawing of a human figure in art and pedagogical education as an educational discipline that forms the professionalism of a future teacher of fine art. The authors proposed a methodological system for teaching plastic anatomy and anatomical drawing indicating its necessary components. The fundamental importance of plastic anatomy and anatomical drawing for the development of skills and realistic images of a person at different levels of art education is substantiated. The ways of differentiated teaching of plastic anatomy and anatomical drawing in schools and universities taking into account the age-related psychophysiological characteristics of students are outlined.

Психофізіологічні особливості самовизначення підлітків, що опановують різні професії

Психофізіологічні особливості самовизначення підлітків, що опановують різні професії

Psychophysiological Features of Primary Headache: New Findings and Some Confirmation

Primary headaches are heterogeneous clinical conditions, characterized by multifactorial etiology and partially unknown eziopathogenesis. In this study, we have investigated the psychophysiological aspects related to autonomic activation and psycho physiological stress response in primary headache patients, in order to identify possible statistically significant relationships between psycho physiological pattern, measured by the PPP (psycho physiological profile) , and the differential neurological diagnosis of primary headaches.The sample consisted of 68 subjects aged between 18 and 70 years (Mean= 39,6; S.D.=12,1), who underwent continuous and simultaneous psycho physiological registration (PPP) of the following parameters: surface electromyography (sEMG), skin conductance level/response (SCL/SCR), heart rate (HR), Inter Beat Interval (IBI) and peripheral temperature (THE)

PSYCHOPHYSIOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF ADAPTATION IN FOREIGN STUDENTS WITH WEAKENED HEALTH

Background: About 40% of foreign students from 150 countries of the world study at the Peoples' Friendship University of Russia. Unusual environment, other sociocultural traditions, climatic and geographic factors, time-related changes make special demands on the adaptationof foreign students. It is especially difficult for students with health status deviations. Aim: The article aims to assess the psychophysiological parameters of adaptation in foreign students with impaired health status. Materials and methods: The study was conducted on the basis of the Peoples' Friendship University of Russia. Male students aged from 18 to 19 years participated in the study. All students belong to a special medical group for health reasons and are divided into two groups: the control (Russian students, n = 28) and experimental (foreign students, n = 35) groups. To assess the psychophysiological features of adaptation, the indicators of response to light and sound stimuli were used, as well as the test of maximum oxygen consumption, the duration of individual minutes, and the orthostatic test conducted with the help of Sports psychophysiologist hardware and software complex (no. 2010617789). The obtained data were subjected to variational and statistical analysis using the Microsoft Excel 2010 and SPSS (version 19.0 for Windows) software. The survey was conducted with the written consent of the students. Results: Significant differences in simple sensorimotor response to light and sound stimuli were revealed in foreign students compared to Russian students (P ≤ 0.05). Also, more than half of the students from both groups had a low level of physical performance. However, males from the experimental group were characterized by lower values. The duration of the individual minute in foreign students with health status deviations is much shorter than in students from the control group. There were no significant differences in the data btained in the orthostatic test. Conclusion: In males of both groups, pathological processes are characterized by a decrease in the functional capacities. However, most psychophysiological parameters are worse in foreign students. This indicates a decrease in the adaptive capacity of students from the experimental group and indirectly indicates the imbalance in the psychophysiological status.

Psychophysiological Characteristics of Children with Dyslexia

Dyslexia is a specific learning disorder that involves difficulty reading due to decoding problems for letters and words. Statistics shows that 5-10% of the general population has dyslexia. The aetiology of reading disorder supposes some biological causes and morphological markers useful in the classification and early identification of the problem.The aim of this article is to find appropriate parameters, which will be useful for early diagnosis and finding the right modalities for treatment.Our findings about QEEG characteristics are not conclusive. However, slowing of brain activity in dyslexic children appeared to be confirmed. These findings lead to the possible hypothesis of delay in neurological development of these children. Significant theta/beta ratio suggest possible comorbidity with ADHD.Further research with more children included is proposed.

The role of musical and aesthetic activity in the development of creative abilities of children with visual impairments

A retrospective analysis of psychological and pedagogical literature and practical experience in the field of education allows us to state the fact that music development, musical lessons and aesthetic activity have a great positive effect on the development of the personality of children with hearing impairments. At the same time, the insufficient development of the methodology and methods for the development of musical and creative abilities of visually impaired children in order to correct their physical and moral development gives the reason to consider this problem to be quite relevant and timely. Some aspects of solving this problem are disclosed in this article. The purpose of this article of ours is to disclose the essence and content of the concept of “musical and creative abilities”; analysis of the psychophysiological characteristics of visually impaired children in the context of the development of their musical and creative abilities; characteristics of the content and forms of musical education of visually impaired children in order to develop creative abilities and the results of the experimental work of the authors in this direction. Theoretical and empirical research methods were used to solve the stated tasks: analysis of the musical, pedagogical and psychological literature on the research problem; analysis of pupil performance; study, analysis and generalization of advanced pedagogical experience on the stated problem, pedagogical observation, questionnaire, survey, conversation. The article contains a description of the results of the implementation in the process of experimental work of the pedagogical conditions that we have identified that contribute to improving the development of creative abilities in visually impaired children. The data obtained allow us to conclude that, after conducting experimental work, the indicators improved according to all the criteria we identified for the successful development of creative abilities in visually impaired children.

Individual Features in the Typology of the Nervous System and the Brain Activity Dynamics of Freestyle Wrestlers Exposed to a Strong Physical Activity (A Pilot Study).

Nowadays, knowledge of psychophysiological features, particularly on the nervous system’s characteristics, is essential in the sporting context, particularly for freestyle wrestling. The study aimed to investigate the peculiarities of the wrestlers’ nervous system—on the individual and electrophysiological levels in two functional states—in calm wakefulness and during intense physical fatigue. Psychological (Well-being, Activity, Mood; Spielberger–Hanin; Leonhard’s questionnaires), as well as electrophysiological techniques (dynamics of the dominant and average frequencies of the main electroencephalogram (EEG) spectra—theta, alpha, low and high-frequency beta rhythms), were used in the study. It was shown that athletes were mainly characterized by the hyperthymic type of character accentuation and a low frequency of theta rhythm in a calm wakefulness state. After the acute physical load, wrestlers with high hyperthymia showed a moderate increase in theta, whereas other athletes showed a decrease in this parameter. Regardless of the level of hyperthymic accentuation, all wrestlers were characterized by an increase in the frequency of alpha rhythm after exercises in the left hemisphere. These results suggest the existence of a particular functional system in freestyle wrestlers, which allows the body’s regulatory systems to be adapted for the effective implementation of sports activity.

MANIFESTATION OF THE STATE OF MONOTONY WHEN PERFORMING ARBITRARY PURPOSEFUL BIMANUAL MOVEMENTS

Bimanual coordination is necessary for successful performance of monotonous activities accompanied by monotonous complex-coordinated movements. Different types of complex operator tasks require a variety of coordination patterns with different levels of interaction between attention and hand movements. The article presents the results of studying the state of monotony when performing purposeful fine manipulative movements, considering the individual features of perception. The developed method of studying bimanual coordination allows us to establish the development of fatigue and monotony, which directly depends on the psychophysiological characteristics of a person.

До питання про деякі психофізіологічні особливості осіб з підвищеною чутливістю вестибулярного аналізатора

До питання про деякі психофізіологічні особливості осіб з підвищеною чутливістю вестибулярного аналізатора

Psychoanalytic technologies application in legal education

In this work the new system of psychology and pedagogical knowledge, ideas, principles are considered. The psychoanalytic method is considered as the tool for the solution of legal education problems. The modern psychoanalytic ideas reflected in the works of Buettner (1991), Singer (1970), Helbig (1978), Datler (1985), etc. are analyzed. Justification is given that the legal education and legal education containing and applying psychoanalytic technologies promotes elimination of the symptoms indicating emergence of the mental overloads peculiar to teenage age owing to psychophysiological features and as a result of imposing by adults of the authoritative knowledge. Introduction of psychoanalysis to number of educational measures for forming sense of justice, it is necessary to begin as soon as possible that will provide the prevention of big nervous shocks in connection with understanding of in legal society and different elimination of violations in mental development of the student and his activity. The possibility of introduction of psychoanalytic technologies in relation to legal training is studied. Use of psychoanalytic technologies, is considered in the context of traditional legal pedagogics where the special part is assigned to psychology, considering the person in unity of psychosocial development. Only in such interrelation it is possible to count on the complete and objective solution of the psychological and pedagogiclegal problems facing us.

Technology of poetry presentation via Emoji Maker platform: pedagogical function of graphic mimesis

The article deals with the technology of visualizing fictional text (poetry) with the help of emoji symbols in the Emoji Maker platform that not only activates students’ thinking, but also develops creative attention, makes it possible to reproduce the meaning of poetry in a succinct way. The application of this technology has yielded the significance of introducing a computer being emoji in the study and mastering of literature is absolutely logical: an emoji, phenomenologically, logically and eidologically installed in the digital continuum, is separated from the natural language provided by (ethno)logy, and is implicitly embedded into (cosmo)logy. The technology application object is the text of the twentieth century Cuban poet José Ángel Buesa. The choice of poetry was dictated by the appeal to the most important function of emoji – the expression of feelings, emotions, and mood. It has been discovered that sensuality can reconstructed with the help of this type of meta-linguistic digital continuum. It is noted that during the emoji design in the Emoji Maker program, due to the technical limitations of the platform, it is possible to phenomenologize one’s own essential-empirical reconstruction of the lyrical image. Creating the image of the lyrical protagonist sign, it was sensible to apply knowledge in linguistics, philosophy of language, psychology, psycholinguistics, literary criticism. By constructing the sign, a special emphasis was placed on the facial emogram, which also plays an essential role in the transmission of a wide range of emotions, moods, feelings of the lyrical protagonist. Consequently, the Emoji Maker digital platform allowed to create a new model of digital presentation of fiction, especially considering the psychophysiological characteristics of the lyrical protagonist. Thus, the interpreting reader, using a specific digital toolkit – a visual iconic sign (smile) – reproduces the polylaterial metalinguistic multimodality of the sign meaning in fiction. The effectiveness of this approach is verified by the poly-functional emoji ousia, tested on texts of fiction.

INDICATORS OF PSYCHO-PHYSIOLOGICAL SKILLS OF YOUNG SUMO WRESTLERS AGED 7-9

The analysis of modern literature revealed the lack of scientifically based training system for sumo wrestlers of various ages and qualifications, including for the early training phase. The purpοse of the study: to identify indicators of psycho-physiological skills of young sumo wrestlers aged 7-9. Research objectives: 1) to study the issue of optimization of the initial training stage for children involved in sumo wrestling, 2) to study the indicators of psycho-physiological peculiarities of children aged 7-9, 3) to identify promising areas for using the data obtained to increase the effectiveness of the training process of the beginners. Methods and organization of the research: analysis of scientific literature; pedagogical observations of training activities; methods of psychological diagnosis ("Psychodiagnostics" program); methods of mathematical statistics. We carried out pedagogical observations of the training activities of children aged 7-10 in Samara. The research included testing of psycho-physiological indicators of 18 children aged 7-9, with 1-2 years of total training experience. We carried out the study of indicators of psycho-physiological qualities of children at the initial stage of training. Results and discussion. Pedagogical observations of the training activities of children have revealed a number of problems occurring at the initial training stage. Due to the lack of a unified concept of multi-year sumo training, different teachers and trainers implement various approaches to the activity management. They use various techniques to control the parameters of physical fitness and training activities. Training programs do not consider the psycho-physiological characteristics of children. It reduces the efficiency of training programs and primary selection. The research substantiated the indicators of psycho-physiological skills of young sumo wrestlers aged 7-9. Conclusion. Training programs at the initial stage disregard the following major principles connected with this stage: provision of comprehensive training, gradual increase of physical efforts together with its effective control, study of psychological characteristics of children. We identified the indicators of psycho-physiological skills of sumo wrestlers aged 7-9. The obtained materials can be used as guidelines for monitoring the level of manifestation of the psycho-physiological skills of sumo wrestlers aged 7-9.

Group and Individual fMRI Analysis of the Main Resting State Networks in Healthy Subjects

Analysis of fMRI in the resting state (RS) is a suitable methodological approach to studying basal levels of functional brain activity in humans in health and disease. The inadequate development of this direction in Russia is partly due to the small number of Russian publications describing approaches to data processing. This study uses an algorithm for analysis of fMRI signals in the RS based on independent components analysis (ICA) run in the FSL environment and used for studies of typical functional resting state networks (RSN) in health. Averaging observation data by group, which is applicable for studies of healthy people, is often not appropriate for studies of different forms of cerebral pathology, which are characterized by significantly greater levels of variation in hemodynamics. Thus, studies of 17 healthy subjects included comparative evaluation of the topography and a number of quantitative measures of typical RSN identified by group and individual analysis of fMRI signals. These networks were comparable with RSN described in the literature as main and were also reproducible in group and individual analysis, which confirms the suitability, reliability, and effectiveness of using this algorithm. Individual analysis of RSN identified variability linked with a number of psychophysiological characteristics of healthy subjects (sex, motor asymmetry profile, EEG pattern), partly explaining the different levels of compliance with the patterns of the group networks. Results obtained from individual fMRI and EEG comparisons showed the potential of analysis of the topography of the sources of individual rhythms as EEG markers for RSN. The lowest levels of variability of fMRI characteristics of resting networks in health (such as maximum network activation intensity, mean frequency of the active zone of the spectrum, frequency of dominant peak) may have diagnostic value for studies of RSN in pathology.

Leadership and Emotional Intelligence: Current Trends in Public Health Professionals Training.

Aim of the Study: The objective of this study was to identify and compare the most significant personal features, and social and psychophysiological characteristics of future health-care managers in order to improve the training program for specialists in the field of health care and public health on the basis of modern concepts about the necessary leadership skills and competence.Significance: The results of the study make it possible to evaluate the effectiveness of career guidance and selection for training future health-care managers on the basis of the application of the following methods: assessing emotional intelligence and taking into account the psychological characteristics of students.Materials and Methods: A total of 242 students of medical and preventive care, residents, and undergraduate students who were trained in the program “Factory of Health Leaders” were included in the study evaluating the level of professional training and indicators of emotional intelligence. Participants underwent testing using a methodology of the management style assessment, as well as testing of their psychophysiological and emotional characteristics.Results: Students who studied in the “Factory of Health Leaders” program had better indicators of emotional intelligence than had ordinary students, but their rates are comparable with residents' rates. This makes us understand that the additional training of emotional intelligence in the process of studying under the higher education program can be successful along with great practical experience in health care as part of residents' curriculum.Conclusion: The training of leadership qualities and emotional intelligence in students by using the example of comparing students in the “Factory of Health Leaders” program with students who have not undergone such training has confirmed its high efficiency and significance in the training of highly qualified personnel in health care.

Factor structure of manifestation of success in the formation of choreographic skills in young dancers

The aim: to study the factor structure of success in the formation of choreographic skills in young athletes.
 Material and methods. The study involved 32 qualified dancers (16 couples) aged 14-15 years. According to the success criteria, athletes were divided into two groups: with a high and reduced level of success. Psychophysiological characteristics were studied using neurodynamics functions, as well as verbal and non-verbal intelligence.
 Results. The analysis revealed the presence of two factors that determine success in the formation of complex coordination and choreographic skills of young dancers: neurodynamics and verbal. It was established that the success and effectiveness of mastering complex choreographic skills in young dancers is determined by individual typological properties - perception, information processing and verbal intelligence. The presence of the verbal intelligence factor is associated with the peculiarities of sports dance. Among young dancers who have a reduced level of success, the factor structure has two factors: psychophysiological and verbal-speed.
 Conclusions. The results can be used to differentiate the training process to improve the level of success in the formation of complex choreographic skills in young dancers.

RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN NEURODYNAMIC CHARACTERISTICS AND FUNCTIONAL PREPAREDNESS OF MUSCLES IN ATHLETES OF DIFFERENT SPORTS

Aim. The article is aimed at studying the relationship between the neurodynamic characteristics of athletes of different sports and the indicators of physical fitness obtained during exercise tests. Materials and methods. The study involved male athletes aged 16–21 years, involved in swimming (20 people) and powerlifting (16 people), having sports ranks from the 2nd adult to a candidate for master of sports. The volume and concentration of attention, the speed of eye-hand coordination, the level of functional mobility, the strength of nervous processes, the response to a moving object and the tapping test were processed using an automated program. Indicators of aerobic and speed - strength fitness of the muscles of the lower extremities were determined by the cycle ergo meter tests. Results. Swimmers differed from power lifters by a smaller volume, but better concentration of attention, higher dynamism and strength of nervous processes, less pronounced excitement in the central nervous system, high rates of aerobic energy supply and a less pronounced correlation between the functional indicators and psychophysiological characteristics. In both groups, negative correlations of aerobic performance with the speed of visual motor responses and positive correlations with the balance of nervous processes were revealed. Speed-strength indicators are better for athletes with a high functional mobility, dynamism and strength of nervous processes. Conclusion. There is a correlation between the neurodynamic characteristics and indicators of functional fitness, which must be taken into account when interpreting the results of stress tests and developing individual recommendations based on the results of the examination.

DYNAMICS OF PSYCHOPHYSIOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS AND PHYSICAL FITNESS OF THE PHYSICAL EDUCATION FACULTY STUDENTS AT THE PEDAGOGICAL UNIVERSITY

Aim. The purpose of the article is to compare the change in psychophysiological indicators and physical fitness of students majoring in physical education and life safety at the beginning and end of their studies. Materials and methods. The study followed university students through the first year to the fifth year of study, 28 of them are boys, 14 girls. To assess the psychophysiological indicators, the latent period of simple and complex visual motor responses was measured. Physical fitness was measured with the help of strength indicators, endurance, flexibility and the level of development of coordination abilities. Results. At the end of the experiment, the positive dynamics of physical fitness of students was noted. Students were characterized by an average and above average level of physical fitness. At the beginning of the experiment, boys demonstrated a higher level of development of physical qualities than girls, with the exception of flexi­bility and static endurance. At the beginning of the experiment, girls were below the average level of development of coordination abilities (Romberg test) and strength index. At the end of the experiment, the level of strength among students was above the average and high. The development of endurance, flexibility, and dexterity increased significantly. At the end of the experiment, the indicators of SVMR and CVMR among the PE faculty students decreased significantly, which indicated the optimization of activation of the central nervous system. Conclusion. The results obtained during monitoring confirm the effectiveness of educational programs at the physical education faculty, which resulted in the positive dynamics of the psychophysiological characteristics and physical fitness of graduates.

Emotion recognition using multimodal deep learning in multiple psychophysiological signals and video

Emotion recognition has attracted great interest. Numerous emotion recognition approaches have been proposed, most of which focus on visual, acoustic or psychophysiological information individually. Although more recent research has considered multimodal approaches, individual modalities are often combined only by simple fusion or are directly fused with deep learning networks at the feature level. In this paper, we propose an approach to training several specialist networks that employs deep learning techniques to fuse the features of individual modalities. This approach includes a multimodal deep belief network (MDBN), which optimizes and fuses unified psychophysiological features derived from the features of multiple psychophysiological signals, a bimodal deep belief network (BDBN) that focuses on representative visual features among the features of a video stream, and another BDBN that focuses on the high multimodal features in the unified features obtained from two modalities. Experiments are conducted on the BioVid Emo DB database and 80.89% accuracy is achieved, which outperforms the state-of-the-art approaches. The results demonstrate that the proposed approach can solve the problems of feature redundancy and lack of key features caused by multimodal fusion.