Psychological Paradigm Research Articles

Субъектная реальность как новая парадигма психологии

Субъектная реальность как новая парадигма психологии

The roles of employee work well-being on innovative work behaviour mediated by organisational commitment

In the era of Industry 4.0, innovation has become more important for companies for maintaining their competitive advantages. In the digital business industry, innovative work behaviour has been considered as a key performance indicator. Individual performance becomes the basis of the company performance which will further increase the value of the company. This study employs the paradigm of positive psychology, focusing on how performance improvement can be achieved by increasing employee work well-being. Previous studies show that there is an inconsistency in the relationship between work well-being and performance. So, it needs to be understood further through the role of mediation variables that can explain when an employee work well-being can improve performance. This study aims to examine the role of employee organisational commitment as a mediator of the relationship between employee work well-being and innovative work behaviour. Taking the digital business industry in Indonesia as a research context, this research reveals that employee organisational commitment fully mediated the relationship between employee work well-being and innovative work behaviour.

The roles of employee work well-being on innovative work behaviour mediated by organisational commitment

In the era of Industry 4.0, innovation has become more important for companies for maintaining their competitive advantages. In the digital business industry, innovative work behaviour has been considered as a key performance indicator. Individual performance becomes the basis of the company performance which will further increase the value of the company. This study employs the paradigm of positive psychology, focusing on how performance improvement can be achieved by increasing employee work well-being. Previous studies show that there is an inconsistency in the relationship between work well-being and performance. So, it needs to be understood further through the role of mediation variables that can explain when an employee work well-being can improve performance. This study aims to examine the role of employee organisational commitment as a mediator of the relationship between employee work well-being and innovative work behaviour. Taking the digital business industry in Indonesia as a research context, this research reveals that employee organisational commitment fully mediated the relationship between employee work well-being and innovative work behaviour.

Возможна ли культурно-историческая парадигма в психологии образования при глобализации? (Опыт Африки)

Возможна ли культурно-историческая парадигма в психологии образования при глобализации? (Опыт Африки)

ПОНЯТІЙНО-КАТЕГОРІАЛЬНИЙ АСПЕКТ РОЗУМІННЯ ТЕРМІНА "ДУША" ЯК КАТЕГОРІЇ ТЕОРЕТИЧНОЇ ПСИХОЛОГІЇ

The problematic of the categorical aspect of the term of the soul through the prism of the principle of systematicity (organization) has been reviewed in the article. The problematic of the place of the category of a soul in the categorical apparatus of theoretical psychology have been shown through the context of general categories of the structure of the human – an organism, an individual, an individuality, a personality, the I, the subject. The problematic of analysis and disclosure of the meaning load of the specified of categories which is due to the application of the principle of determinism to their analysis has been noted. The possibility of building a hierarchical range of categories as levels of concretization (organization) of a mental structure of the one by analogy with respect to such a range of levels of concretization (organization) of a living that have been shown. It has been noted that specifics for a range of levels of organization of a living one is its start with a unit of analysis of what is alive – an organism, also specific is its completion represented as a unit of development of a living form of life – a body. The conceptual filling of range of levels of an organization that is characteristic to a mental structure is appropriate of general categories of the structure human in accordance with the principle of systemicity has been proposed. The article also deals with the connection of the concept of a soul with categories that lie beyond the scope of psychological science per se, like philosophy. The necessity of the said action is justified by the historical context of the humanity's literary and social practices that include the notion of the soul. The article concludes with the outline of the future direction for theoretical research of the outlined problematic aimed at making space for the notion of the soul in psychological science and the system of its concepts. Overall, the work is dedicated to the efforts of bringing more clarity to the use of the concept of the soul within the existing paradigm of psychology.

Perceived campus safety as a mediator of the link between gender and mental health in a national U.S. college sample

ABSTRACTMen and women tend to have different mental health outcomes. The purpose of this study is to examine the reason for gender differences in college students’ mental health. We examined perceived campus safety as an explanation for the relationship between gender and mental health in college students. According to the social structure and psychological distress paradigm, women are objectively disadvantaged, which creates a sense of powerlessness and causes distress. We hypothesized that perceived campus safety would mediate the relationships between gender and psychological distress as well as gender and sleep disturbances. To test these hypotheses, we examined data from the Spring 2010 American College Health Association National College Health Assessment II (ACHA-NCHA II) survey (N = 95,712) using multilevel structural equation modeling. Results confirmed that perceived campus safety partially mediated the relationship between gender and psychological distress as well as gender and sleep disturbances when controlling for victimization and general health. Women reported that they felt less safe than men on campus and experienced more psychological distress and sleep disturbances. The results of this study suggest that campus administrators could promote student well-being by addressing women’s safety concerns.

Dysfunctional Breathing in Children and Adults With Asthma.

Asthma occurs across the life course. Its optimal treatment includes the use of personalized management plans that recognize the importance of co-morbidities including so-called “dysfunctional breathing.” Such symptoms can arise as a result of induced laryngeal obstruction (ILO) or alterations in the mechanics of normal breathing called breathing pattern disorders. Whilst these two types of breathing abnormalities might be related, studies tend to focus on only one of them and do not consider their relationship. Evidence for these problems amongst childhood asthmatics is largely anecdotal. They seem rare in early childhood. Both types are more frequently recognized in the second decade of life and girls are affected more often. These observations tantalizingly parallel epidemiological studies characterizing the increasing prevalence and severity of asthma that also occurs amongst females after puberty. Exercise ILO is more common amongst adolescents and young adults. It should be properly delineated as it might be causally related to specific treatable factors. More severe ILO occurring at rest and breathing pattern disorders are more likely to be occurring within a psychological paradigm. Dysfunctional breathing is associated with asthma morbidity through a number of potential mechanisms. These include anxiety induced breathing pattern disorders and the enhanced perception of subsequent symptoms, cooling and drying of the airways from hyperventilation induced hyperresponsiveness and a direct effect of emotional stimuli on airways constriction via cholinergic pathways. Hyperventilation is the most common breathing pattern disorder amongst adults. Although not validated for use in asthma, the Nijmegen questionnaire has been used to characterize this problem. Studies show higher scores amongst women, those with poorly controlled asthma and those with psychiatric problems. Evidence that treatment with breathing retraining techniques is effective in a primary care population including all types of asthmatics suggests the problem might be more ubiquitous than just these high-risk groups. Future challenges include the need for studies characterizing all types of dysfunctional breathing in pediatric and adult patient cohorts and clearly defined, age appropriate, interventional studies. Clinicians caring for asthmatics in all age groups need to be aware of these co-morbidities and routinely ask about symptoms that suggest these problems.

A New Theological Anthropology for Developing Resiliency and Healing from Combat

ABSTRACTMoral injury is a complex wound of the soul affecting many veterans returning from combat. This article will propose that a blended theological anthropology, which incorporates Irenaeus’s understanding of spiritual growth and Augustine’s focus on individual accountability and sin, will better foster healing and growth from morally traumatic experiences. In order to do so, I will introduce elements of the psychological paradigm of posttraumatic growth with a theological anthropology I develop in order to propose a mindset which I believe will increase resiliency to the morally challenging environment of combat.

Teoría administrativa y fuerza militar: Un análisis de los principales aportes de las teorías clásicas de la administración a la gestión en las fuerzas militares

La práctica de la administración de la primera mitad el siglo XX junto con su teorización se ha visto enmarcada a la luz de tres paradigmas administrativos: El paradigma tecno-ingenieril, el paradigma sociológico y el paradigma humanista psicológico que han dado a luz las teorías clásicas de la Administración como son La Administración Científica de Taylor, La Administración Clásica de Fayol, La Teoría de las Relaciones Humanas de Mayo y La Burocracia de Weber, todas con un marco conceptual distintivo que han apuntado a la solución de los problemas organizacionales de las empresas en sus respectivos contextos históricos y que aún siguen siendo de gran utilidad, no solamente a las empresas privadas, sino también a las organizaciones estatales. De ahí que surge el análisis de este documento que presenta las principales aportaciones de las teorías clásicas de la administración de la primera mitad del siglo XX a la gestión de las fuerzas militares entorno a tres tópicos: Las tareas, las interacciones sociales y las relaciones de poder en las estructuras de orden jerárquico.

Is There a Problem in the Laboratory?

Problem-solving research in the field of psychology has been closely linked to laboratory investigations throughout its development. However, there is a questionable conceptual assumption underlying this commitment to the laboratory, namely the assumption that one can reduce all problem-solving behavior to a cognitive mechanism. Upon validating this assumption from a phenomenological standpoint, doubts about its foundations emerge. For when we consider the experiential conditions that characterize a problematic situation, we come to determine several phenomenal aspects that are not taken into account in this approach. A phenomenologically revised notion of the problem therefore demands a modification of the scope of the empirical research. First, this paper investigates the configuration of the laboratory as an arena of experience based on Lewin’s field theory. This investigation indicates instructions as a key component of the laboratory. Second, a phenomenological description proposes a novel understanding of the problem. In this part it is shown that it is wrong to presume that problematic situations can be evoked arbitrarily by instructions. Finally, further contemplations help outlining the empirical requirements for exhaustive research. They call for novel paradigms in empirical psychology, such as live streaming, which are more faithful to the phenomenology of problems.

Konsep Fitrah dalam Psikologi Islam

Human beings and the complexity they have will never run out to be studied and discussed. So, one of interesting topics of psychology to discuss is concept of ‘fitrah’. The most essential identity of human beings is ‘fitrah’. This issue is more interesting if it is viewed through two perspectives: modern psychology and Islamic psychology. Both kinds of psychology have denied each other. The basis of modern psychology which is separated from element of divinity, makes the conception of ‘fitrah’ dichotomist-secularistic, this is the opposite of Islamic psychology. According to Islam, human beings consist of bodies and ru ḥ . Obviously, the two aspects have a specific purpose. At least, Allah states that the purpose of human creation consists of two things, worshipping Him and becoming His khalifah on this earth. So, the paradigm of Islamic psychology is absolutely related to the element of divinity. God remains the highest subject and influences the paradigm of Islamic psychology which is being taw ḥ idiy. For various natural structures they have and the purpose of their creation, human beings are considered to have goodness potency and could do good things. However, external influences still allow them to do evil doings or bad things. This paper discusses this concept of ‘fitrah’ using Islam as a paradigm. The author tries to explain the concept of man as a creature created by fitrah, its physical and psychological structure, and the purpose of human creation and its implications for the psychology paradigm of Islam.

Metodologiczne podstawy badania zawartooeci prasy lokalnej

The paper contains the author’s considerations on the methodological foundations for the examination of the content of local press. In discussing the content of local press, the author places it in the grid of linguistic as well as politological, sociological and psychological paradigms. He presents the structure of local press content and its criteria, the form of press materials, their topics, division into press genres, the attitude of press materials to reality, and its assessment and evaluation. The paper is concluded with considerations into the territorial aspects of press materials.

ГУМАНІСТИЧНА ПАРАДИГМА УКРАЇНСЬКОЇ ПСИХОЛОГІЇ

The article analyzes the formation of the humanistic paradigm of ukrainian psychology. It was found that the birth of ukrainian professional psychology began in the XVII century in the Kiev-Mohyla Collegium: I. Gizel created the first full course of psychology and, thus, contributed to the emergence of professional psychology in Ukraine; F. Prokopovich developed a detailed classification of emotions, and G. Konisky the first national age periodization of personality development. The humanistic paradigm continued its formation in the XX century in the works of scientists of the ukrainian diaspora: the formation of the psyche of the ukrainian people; personal development and education; psychological portraits of T. Shevchenko, A. Sheptytsky and other prominent ukrainians, through the prism of psychoanalysis; fundamentals of ethnic psychology, principles of psychotherapy and hypnotherapy, etc. It was clarified that the concept of “Ukrainian personalism” by A. Kulchitsky is a continuation of the first psychological attempt to analyze the psyche of the ukrainian people by Y. Yarema, which includes the following factors that shaped the psyche of the ukrainian people: racial, geographical, historical, sociopsychical, cultural morphic, and deep-psychological factor. The social life of ukrainians is between two poles: egocentrism and universal values. Depending on the priorities of a particular person, its social activity or passivity is manifested. It is precisely the freedom-loving individualism that lies at the heart of ukrainian humanism, which turns out to be in religious and national tolerance towards other peoples, and disapproval of violence in various manifestations. The advantage in the psyche of ukrainian, universal compassion, lack of external activity, self-deepening, idealism, asceticism, mysticism did not contribute to the active struggle of the Ukrainian people for independence. The influence of culture and nature on the psyche of the ukrainian people formed the ukrainian individuality. Contemplation of typical, monotonous types of steppe intensified the development of the internal life of ukrainians with an emphasis on concentration. So, we have a concept that gives an understanding of the psychology of the ukrainian people as a whole and of an individual within the humanist paradigm in particular.

César Hautot – ein naturalistischer Ödipus? Guy de Maupassants Hautot père et fils auf der Schwelle zur Psychoanalyse

Abstract Literary criticism has mentioned some affinities between Guy de Maupassant’s literary work and Freud’s psychoanalysis, without ever reflecting on Maupassant’s literary anticipation of the Oedipus complex. The latter is particularly evident in the short novel Hautot père et fils (1889), which has not received much attention to date. The article aims to illustrate some evident parallels between Maupassant’s literary representation of a father-son conflict and Freud’s scientific approach. In doing so, it does not intend to deliver a demonstration of the emergence of Freudian concepts from naturalistic fiction. It shall rather be considered as a literary case study, which illustrates the discourse-historical process of transformation from the physiological paradigm of naturalism to the psychological paradigm of the arising psychoanalysis.

NILAI-NILAI PENDIDIKAN ADVERSITY QUOTIENT PADA CERITA NABI MÛSÂ DALAM ALQURAN

<p><em>The challenge for education that can not be denied is globalization and technological progress on the one hand. On the other hand education is also faced with the increasing variety of life pressures. Paul G. Stoltz invented a new type of intelligence theory from the psychological paradigm, namely Adversity Quotient (ability to face difficulties), that is, a person's ability to observe difficulties and cultivate those difficulties with his or her intelligence so that it becomes a challenge to be solved. The Qur'an is a holy book filled with educational values. Among the content of the Qur'an are stories. One of the stories in the Qur'an is the story of Prophet Moses that is found in many surahs in the Qur'an. In the story of Prophet Moses there are many extraordinary values and lessons especially in how to deal with adversity. From the results of research, revealed the following important matters. The Adversity Quotient's educational value scontained in the story of Prophet Musa in the Qur'an are the values of patience, the value of optimism and unyielding, the value of the great soul and the value of jihad.</em></p>

Boys as war heroes? Depicting German youth in Bernhard Wicki’s The Bridge (1959)

The fate of children became material for several German movies of the 1950s with children even appearing in the popular wave of war films. The Bridge (1959) whose cinematic narrative depicts seven schoolboys defending their village’s bridge against the Americans became the most acclaimed, as well as popular, war film of the decade. Focusing on the plight of German youth as a framework for analysis, I will demonstrate how The Bridge registers the cultural shift from a political to a psychological paradigm in the understanding of adolescent behaviour in the Federal Republic of Germany in the 1950s. Furthermore, while The Bridge sidesteps the sensitive topics of the Holocaust and the Wehrmacht’s complicity with the Nazis like most other popular West German war films, it differs in its critique of the very possibility of a heroic narrative from its National Socialist past.

심리적 불응기 패러다임에서의 오류 수행 후 반응 지연 효과

이중과제의 심리적 불응기 패러다임에서 오류 수행 후 지연은 추가적 오류를 방지하는 제어 조정에 기인하는 것이라고 알려져 왔다. 그러나 최근에 제기된 간섭 해석은 오류 수행이 후속 수행을 방해하는 과정을 유발한다고 가정하고 있다. 제어 조정은 길게 지속되며 과제 특정적 요소를 가지고 있으며, 간섭 해석은 일시적이고 과제 불특정적 요소를 가지고 있다. 그러므로 본 연구에서는 이러한 오류 수행 후 지연의 제어조정과 간섭 해석을 시간 경과와 과제 특정성을 이용하여 구분하고자 하였고, 이를 위해 만 19-26세의 감각 장애와 운동 장애가 없는 성인 40명에게 가변적인 자극 제시 간격에 의해 나누어진 두 가지 자극이 있는 이중과제를 수행하도록 하였다. 보다 구체적으로, 자극 제시 간격에 따른 차이를 검증하기 위하여 실험 1에서는 과제 1과 과제 2의 자극 제시 간격을 100-160msec로 설정하였고, 실험 2에서는 두 과제 간 자극 제시 간격을 1,000-1,600msec로 설정하였다. 실험 1과 실험 2의 과제는 동일하였으며, 제 1과제는 색상 자극이 있는 수반 자극 과제에서 세 가지 선택 반응을 수행하는 것이었고, 제 2과제는 높은 음(900Hz)과 낮은 음(400Hz) 두 개의 음 높이를 구별하는 청각 선택 과제였다. 제 1과제 반응에서 정상 수행과 오류 수행이 발생했을 때 동일 시행의 제 2과제 반응시간 차이를 확인하기 위하여 RT2n을 분석하여 일원변량분석을 수행하였고, 또한 제 2과제 반응에서 정상 수행과 오류 수행이 발생했을 때 다음 시행의 제 1과제 반응시간 차이를 확인하기 위하여 RT1n+1을 분석하여 일원변량분석을 수행하였다. 그 결과, 두 과제의 자극 제시 간격이 짧은 실험 1에서는 제 1과제 반응의 오류 수행 후 제 2과제의 반응시간이 유의하게 증가하였고, 제 1과제 반응의 오류 수행 후 다음 시행의 제 1과제 반응시간도 유의하게 증가하였다. 그러나 두 과제의 자극 제시 간격이 긴 실험 2에서는 제 1과제 반응의 오류 수행 후 제 2과제의 반응시간이 유의하게 증가하지 않았고, 제 1과제 반응의 오류 수행 후 다음 시행의 제 1과제 반응시간만 유의하게 증가하였다. 이는 과제 2n과 과제 1n+1의 PES가 각기 다른 메커니즘으로 발생한다는 견해를 강력하게 지지하는 근거가 될 수 있다. 이러한 결과는 이중과제를 수행해야 하는 심리적 불응기 패러다임에서 제 1과제 반응의 오류 수행이 제 2과제 반응에서의 PES와 다음 시행의 제 1과제 반응에서의 PES를 발생시킬 것이라는 본 연구의 예측을 확인시켜 주었을 뿐만 아니라, 과제 2n과 과제 1n+1의 PES를 단일 메커니즘으로 설명할 수 없음을 보여주는 것이다. 결과적으로 제어 조정과 간섭 두 가지 요소를 기초로 하는 메커니즘이 완전히 독립적이라는 것을 반드시 의미한다고 확증할 수는 없지만, 지속 시간과 과제 특정성에 따라 PES가 제어 조정 요소 또는 간섭 요소의 메커니즘을 각기 따르고 있음을 증명해 주었다.

Positivist Organizational Diagnosis to Improve Lives: A CSV Analysis of a Mis-Aligned Medical Cent

While “…recent trends have created unique opportunities for organizations to have a positive impact...” (AOM, 2017, p. 2) this paper focus on a case example of how an organizational diagnosis could possibly “contribute to a more inclusive society and the health and wellbeing of diverse communities...” (AOM, 2017, p. 3). After a brief review considering the shift in organizational development and change (ODC) initiatives, from the classic medical models of illness, un-health and sickness to positive psychology paradigms and interventions that focus on strengths and wellness, a ‘common language’ for organizational diagnosis, namely Character Strengths and Virtues (CSV) (Peterson & Seligman, 2004) will be discussed. This will be followed by a case study and include an application of CSV taxonomy to The Mis- aligned Medical Center: Analyzing an Overpaid Dysfunctional Leader and Underpaid Hard- working Staff. The discussion/conclusion will focus on the rationale for using CSV and suggestions which includes an extension of CSV for an organizational diagnosis; providing a tool for professionals in order to see ‘what’s good’ about a company; establishing a baseline to build on strengths; it provides a label or common language. Most importantly, it expands existing boundaries, transforms interfaces, restructures ways of thinking, and addresses diagnostic-related interstitial spaces – all aspects of working At the Interface.

Medical and psychological paradigm supervision somatic patients with comorbid mental disorders

The thesis is devoted to the research of medical and psychological paradigm Supervision of patients. Studies performed on clinical material of patients with a wide range of somatic disorders. This reveals the conceptual foundations of medical activities as a complex medical and psycho-pedagogical process, which not only improves the efficiency of the professional activities of doctors, but also the formation of individual image of the world of patients achieving this level of personal development where disease and related restrictions do not interfere with their self-development based on the existing system of values and meanings.
 The paper provides a detailed analysis of the interaction of the three components of medical and psychological care to patients and their families: psychodiagnosis psyhoeducation and correction (psychotherapy).
 Presents a program of psychological diagnosis of somatic patients, including a study of the characteristics of emotional state and distress intrapsychological and behavioral patterns, strategies for overcoming stress behavior and family functioning determine the influence of psychic correction targets formulated the task of medical and psychological assistance and the amount psyhoeducation classes.
 Concepts and practical application of medical and psychological training of general practitioners and medical internist at the stages of pre-tested and post-graduate training in preparation of interns, and the pre-cycles thematic improvement of doctors.
 Determined, medical, psychological and educational determinants doctor's practice, positive motivation of their activities; preparedness to common therapeutic activities; focus on subject-subject interaction; mastering the techniques of effective communication and more.

FORMATION OF UKRAINIAN DOMESTIC PSYCHOLOGICAL THOUGHT PSYCHOLOGY IN STRUCTURE STOLIITTYA XX: INTERNALIZATOIN, CATFRSIS, ECSTASY

The article presents a theoretical analysis of psychological problems of the individual in the context vchynkovoyi paradigm V. A. Romentsya. The role of open psychological crisis highlights the author of fundamental principles of action and aftereffect.Violated question «vchynkovosti», emphasizes the role of catharsis, ecstasy in the historical, cultural and religious contexts. Open psychological crisis period 10–30 years. XX century poliaspects highlights the cultural and historical development in the formation of national psychology in Ukraine.Accordingly, analyzing stages of modern Ukrainian psychology, we find a correlation with the stages of categories of act, namely motivation, situations, actions and aftereffects. Period open category covers psychological crisis aftereffects when there is a debriefing and create new psychological paradigm. The impact of the Lvov-Warsaw school property Harkivsklyi, Odessa and other schools that have developed psychological science in Ukraine — it is the result of a large property. Contribution to the development of science such as scientists, psychologists V. A. Romenets, S. L. Rubinstein, Vygotsky can not be overstated. In the article the author proposes a new vision of open psychological crisis.XX century for psychological science in Ukraine — is, first of all growing trend to study a unique person that contributed recognize personality traits and individual vision.In conclusion, the establishment of modern psychological science in Ukraine is due to the removal of contradictions in finding the man himself, and implementing an integrated system approach research from context the formation of the modern paradigm of historical and psychological science.