Psychology Research Articles

Psychological Women's Liberation: Feminist Therapy Between Psychology and the Women's Movement in the Federal Republic of Germany in the 1970s

From the late 1960s onwards, the early second women's movement encompassed all areas of West German society. This included debates about how women's healthcare could be improved in aself-determined, women-friendly way and in line with feminist ideals. These debates were also held with regard to the general boom in psychotherapy at the time. This article explores the question of how debates around feminist therapy emerged in the Federal Republic of Germany. It also looks at the tense relationship between psychology and psychotherapy. While feminist women's counselling and therapy centers became awidespread part of apsychosocial care network from the late 1970s onwards, scientific psychology in German speaking countries remained largely closed to feminist influences. The article traces how this imbalance between feminist therapeutic practice and psychological women's research came about. Therefore, the article sets out from 1974, when psychologists tried to introduce feminist impulses into academic psychology and feminist activists made psychotherapeutic approaches usable for the women's movement. Many female psychologists shifted their commitment from the academic to the therapeutic field. It is argued, that this was due to the less than conducive conditions that feminist-oriented psychologists found in German-speaking academic psychology.

Psychologists' Opportunities for Fostering Leadership Skills in Academic Medicine: The Rothenberger Leadership Academy.

Healthcare leaders must increasingly attend to the monumental challenges facing their organizations (Angood and Falcone, American Association for Physician Leadership, 2023). As such, leadership in healthcare settings demands new skills sets amongst healthcare professionals that transcend the technical skills of any given profession. Academic health center psychologists are well-positioned to contribute to the leadership of academic health centers due to knowledge, skills, and attitudes fostered in doctoral psychology education, practice, and research through the focus on Profession-Wide Competencies. This article calls for psychologists to pursue more leadership opportunities within academic health centers.The article starts by identifying parallels between psychology's Profession-Wide Competencies and needed leadership skills/concepts for healthcare leaders. An example of an academic health center psychologist's leadership in a cohort-based physician leadership program illustrates how Profession-Wide Competencies were used in three structural elements of the leadership program. The article identifies particular leadership opportunities for psychologists within academic health centers.

From Science to Therapy: The Shaping of German Psychology Through Student Preferences

In 2020, a new record was set: For the first time in history, more than 100.000 students of psychology were officially enrolled in Germany. This remarkable number is the outcome of a long-term transformation of the whole academic landscape in Europe as well as dynamics that are specific to the German context. As these recent changes have not yet been properly discussed outside the German-speaking world, this paper provides a contextual analysis of the factors that have contributed to the current state of discipline, including legal regulations and economic conditions, academic curricula, and students’ preferences. It is argued that the growth of the discipline was primarily an effect of psychology becoming the primary route to psychotherapeutic practice in Germany after World War II. Even though representatives of the discipline repeatedly voiced concern about the one-sided interest of their students, German academic psychology has benefited from the steady increase in demand for clinical training, especially among female students, on many levels. In late 2020, a new law came into force which redefined the requirements for the qualification of psychotherapists. Although this legal reform was introduced only very recently, it is already becoming apparent that this change will have a profound impact on the discipline. As the tensions between basic research and applied branches increase, cracks are appearing in the foundations of the whole discipline, forcing it to make tough choices about its future development.

THE POWER OF OPEN COMMUNICATION: EXAMINING THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PARENT-ADOLESCENT COMMUNICATION AND PROBLEM EXTENT AND THE MODERATING ROLE OF SIBLING INFLUENCE

Adolescence is the period of extensive physical, emotional, and social transformation. This article focuses on the primary role of effective communication within the family, especially parents and siblings influence, in shaping adolescence development. It considers how open, supportive, and sincere interactions help in identity formation, peer relationships, cognitive development, and affect regulation during this critical stage. The article draws both on Eastern and Western psychological paradigms, showing how academic psychology has evolved over the years and the main theoretical frameworks which inform our understanding of adolescent development. It is in this regard that the current study will explore the importance of effective family communication in developing a positive identity, building self-esteem, and supplying a sense of belonging. Emphasized herein is the role of parents in guiding adolescents through open discussions that will help them think critically, solve problems, and make independent decisions. Attention falls onto sibling influence in that they are in a special position to offer emotional support, companionship, and modeling behaviors. It draws from quantitative studies how family dynamics impact adolescent results. Construction and standardization processes of psychological measures are described to explain why reliable and valid instruments are needed when studying adolescent behavior and family interaction. This article concludes with the practical recommendations to enhance family communication strategies in supporting adolescent development. This integration of theoretical perspectives and empirical findings thus provides critical insights for educators, practitioners, and families seeking to promote healthy developmental trajectories among adolescents through effective communication and supportive sibling relationships.

SOME FEATURES OF THE ORGANIZATION OF PSYCHOLOGICAL SERVICES IN EDUCATION

Psychological services is one of the areas of application of psychology. Its features, first of all, depends on how effective its interactions with academic psychology are. In the article three areas of psychological services in elementary schools and its scientific, applied and practical features. İn the article, it is indicated that psychological servicesat schools based on the unity and inseparable interaction of these three areas. Separating them from each other is scientifically one-sided but practically it is harmful. Some features of organizing psychological services for students in primary education

Gender disparities in social and personality psychology awards from 1968 to 2021

Gender disparities persist in academic psychology. The present study extended previous investigations to social and personality psychology award recipients. We collated publicly available data on award winners (N = 2700) from 17 international societies from 1968 to 2021. Features of the award, including year given, type of award, seniority level, whether the award was shared with more than one winner, and gender/sex of the recipient were coded. Overall, men were more likely to be recognized with awards than women, but the proportion of awards won by women has increased over time. Despite this increased share of awards, women were more likely to win awards for service and teaching (which are generally viewed as less prestigious) rather than research contributions. These differences were moderated by year - women were more likely to win service or teaching awards, compared to research awards, after 1999 and 2007, respectively. Women were more likely to win awards at postgraduate/early career levels or open to all levels compared to senior awards. Findings suggest that women’s greater representation in academic psychology in recent years has not been accompanied by parity in professional recognition and eminence.

Utopias for Boomers: religion, psychology, and sovereignty in the long sixties

ABSTRACT This article discusses the intertwining of religion and politics in utopian imaginaries against the backdrop of Robert Yelle’s recent theoretical reflections on the relationship between the ‘sacred’ and Carl Schmitt’s idea of a ‘state of exception.’ It argues that in utopian imaginaries, the convergence of the religious and political domains becomes apparent in the postulation of an antinomian ‘Archimedean point of view’ that provides a foundation from which the new social reality can be represented and legitimized. To illustrate this thesis, the article compares the utopian imaginaries put forward in the Long Sixties by three academic psychologists – B.F. Skinner, Timothy Leary, and Abraham Maslow – who provided visions of the ideal future to the Baby Boomer generation. The article shows that despite their different understandings of both the nature of the human psyche and the ideal social order, all three authors base their projects on a form of antinomian sovereignty.

Rethinking big P: Integrating personal and academic psychology knowledge in university teaching

Rethinking big P: Integrating personal and academic psychology knowledge in university teaching

Canonical Narratives as a Tool of Analysis in Psychology

In this article, I develop the concept of canonical narratives, drawing on Jerome Bruner’s (1915-2016) later writings on the central role of culture in shaping human psychology. I argue that we can develop the concept of canonical narratives past its initial purpose in explaining how folk psychology acquires meaning for individuals and develop the concept into a tool of analysis that can shed new light on the broader dialectic between academic psychology and social-cultural environments. I examine the role of canonical narratives in contemporary psychology by focusing on the narrative that human beings are best conceptualized as machines. I argue that not only are psychology’s constructs shaped by social-cultural environments, which have been well established but that their meanings are, to some extent, established through a dialectic with canonical narratives.

Scholarly accomplishments: a United States survey of academic psychologists

Scholarly accomplishments: a United States survey of academic psychologists

Workplace experiences of LGBTQIA+ trainees, staff, and faculty in academic psychology, psychiatry, and neuroscience departments

ABSTRACT People identifying as lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer, questioning, intersex, asexual, or other gender identities or sexual orientations (LGBTQIA+) often face workplace bias or discrimination. Unique dynamics in academic neuroscience, psychology, and psychiatry departments warrant specific investigation. Trainee, staff, and faculty participants (N = 534) completed an online survey assessing identity and workplace experiences. Many respondents were not out about their identity at work (46%) despite most being out personally (81%). A positive workplace climate is critical to outness, career satisfaction, and mental health. Experiences of exclusionary behaviour (24%) and depression (37%) were common. Qualitative responses called for explicit LGBTQIA+ inclusion in diversity and classroom curricula, structural and financial support for LGBTQIA+ people, and greater support for individuals of colour and/or identifying as trans. Respondents expressed a pervasive sentiment that academic institutions should avoid putting undue, unpaid burden of diversity work on minoritized individuals and should aim to promote meaningful structural change rather than creating the appearance of inclusivity.

Незадачи машинной педагогики в СССР 1960-х годов: вузовская наука между трансфером и координацией

The article discusses the history of coordination of university research and development in the Soviet Un-ion in the 1960s, focusing on the case study of the development and implementation of machine pedagogy at the Moscow Power Engineering Institute. The coordination of the work of designers of teaching machines and theo-rists of machine pedagogy was led by the section of teaching automata of the Scientific Council for the Complex Problem of “Cybernetics” at the Presidium of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR. This section united univer-sity scientists, design students, and academic psychologists to create a network that was highly sensitive to scal-ing technology, making it stand out against the background of programmed learning enthusiasts. The article highlights the history of technology transfer and examines the complications that arose during its uncritical adap-tation to the realities of Soviet higher polytechnic education. The university laboratories of MEI, MSU and LSU undertook a project to create learning machines and develop a psychological and pedagogical justification for their use in higher education. Cybernetically oriented Soviet psychologists, such as N. I. Zhinkin and L. N. Lan-da, preferred the American approach, hiding its neo-behaviorist basis behind the cybernetic terminology, which provoked resistance from psychologist A. N. Leontiev. He connected the pedagogical psychologists N. Ya. Galperin and N. F. Talyzina from MSU to the project. Based on the results of the experiment on introducing ma-chines into the education process at MEI, the emphasis was placed on further algorithmization of testing meth-ods. Galperin and Talyzina objected to this decision and left the project. The inability of network participants to reach consensus demonstrates the defects in scientific and technical coordination under Late Socialism and is one of the reasons why machines for programmed learning did not develop in the USSR.

The quantitative paradigm and the nature of the human mind. The replication crisis as an epistemological crisis of quantitative psychology in view of the ontic nature of the psyche.

Many suggestions for dealing with the so-called replication crisis in psychology revolve around the idea that better and more complex statistical-mathematical tools or stricter procedures are required in order to obtain reliable findings and prevent cheating or publication biases. While these aspects may play an exacerbating role, we interpret the replication crisis primarily as an epistemological crisis in psychology caused by an inadequate fit between the ontic nature of the psyche and the quantitative approach. On the basis of the philosophers of science Karl Popper, Thomas Kuhn, and Imre Lakatos we suggest that the replication crisis is therefore a symptom of a fundamental problem in psychology, but at the same time it is also an opportunity to advance psychology as a science. In a first step, against the background of Popper's Critical Rationalism, the replication crisis is interpreted as an opportunity to eliminate inaccurate theories from the pool of theories and to correct problematic developments. Continuing this line of thought, in an interpretation along the lines of Thomas Kuhn, the replication crisis might signify a model drift or even model crisis, thus possibly heralding a new paradigm in psychology. The reasons for this are located in the structure of academic psychology on the basis of Lakatos's assumption about how sciences operate. Accordingly, one hard core that lies at the very basis of psychology may be found in the assumption that the human psyche can and is to be understood in quantitative terms. For this to be possible, the ontic structure of the psyche, i.e., its very nature, must also in some way be quantitatively constituted. Hence, the replication crisis suggests that the ontic structure of the psyche in some way (also) contains a non-quantitative dimension that can only be grasped incompletely or fragmentarily using quantitative research methods. Fluctuating and inconsistent results in psychology could therefore also be the expression of a mismatch between the ontic level of the object of investigation and the epistemic level of the investigation.

The role and value of pleasure in dance/movement therapy experience: beyond the limits of science

The human experience of pleasure as a feeling is surprisingly evasive and poorly understood. While mental health practitioners often focus on symptoms of psychological disorders such as depression, compulsion, lack of meaning/purpose (emptiness), phobias and fears, and adverse physiological functioning of sleeping, eating, elimination and sexual activity/experience, the fundamental complaint of clients and patients is an inability to enjoy their lives with a sense of well-being. This article will attempt to show that enjoyment, well-being, and the experience of pleasure however are not determined either by cognitive activity (state of mind), nor by physiological factors of nutrition, fitness, or dietary supplements. Rather, pleasure and fear are best understood energetically. As Wilhelm Reich pointed out nearly 100 years ago, and as incorporated in the somatic psychotherapy of Bioenergetics, and dance/movement therapy (DMT), fear produces contraction while pleasure produces expansion, psychically and physically. It is a simple intuitive fact with broad and deep implications yet is unaccepted in academic psychology.

Engajamento no trabalho: uma pesquisa com servidores públicos estaduais

Engajamento no trabalho é um tema emergente na psicologia organizacional e exprime um comportamento fisicamente envolvido, cognitivamente vigilante e emocionalmente conectado com a atividade laboral. Este construto é formado por três dimensões: vigor, dedicação e absorção. Profissionais engajados mostram maior iniciativa e entusiasmo para superar os desafios que as tarefas exigem. Diante deste contexto, o objetivo desta pesquisa foi analisar as características e a intensidade do engajamento no trabalho entre servidores públicos em um instituto no estado do Pará. A metodologia foi exploratória e descritiva, feita na forma de survey, com a utilização do Utrecht Work Engagement Scale (UWES-17). A amostra foi formada por 100 servidores, selecionados em amostragem não probabilística por julgamento e o tratamento dos dados utilizou estatística descritiva, correlacional e multivariada. Os resultados mostraram engajamento com intensidade intermediária em todas as dimensões do construto. A análise de agrupamentos revelou três grupos denominados, conforme a intensidade no engajamento, em baixo (25%), médio (61%) e alto engajamento (14%). As conclusões recomendam investimentos em estratégias de gestão de pessoas, especialmente para equilibrar as demandas do trabalho aos recursos pessoais e organizacionais, que é uma forma de aumentar o engajamento e evitar o adoecimento laboral.

IMP2ART: development of a multi-level programme theory integrating the COM-B model and the iPARIHS framework, to enhance implementation of supported self-management of asthma in primary care

BackgroundSupported asthma self-management, incorporating an asthma action plan and annual clinical review, has been recommended by UK/global guidelines for over three decades. However, implementation remains poor, as only around a third of individuals receive basic asthma care, according to the UKs leading respiratory charity Asthma and Lung UK. A systematic review of implementation studies recommended that a whole systems approach targeting patients, healthcare professional education, and organisations is needed to improve implementation of supported asthma self-management in primary care. The IMPlementing IMProved Asthma self-management as RouTine (IMP2ART) is a national Hybrid-II implementation cluster randomised controlled trial that aims to evaluate such an approach. This paper describes the development of the implementation strategy for IMP2ART with particular focus on the integration of multiple level theories.MethodsThe Medical Research Council design and evaluation of complex interventions framework and the Person-Based Approach to intervention development were used as guidance for stages of strategy development. Specifically, we (i) set up a multidisciplinary team (including practicing and academic clinicians, health psychologists, public health and patient colleagues), (ii) reviewed and integrated evidence and theory, (iii) developed guiding principles, (iv) developed prototype materials, and (v) conducted a pre-pilot study before final refinement.ResultsThe implementation strategy included resources for patients, team-based and individual healthcare professional education, practice audit and feedback, and an asthma review template, as well as a facilitator role accessible to primary care practices for 12 months. The synthesis of the integrated Promoting Action on Research Implementation in Health Services (iPARIHS) and Capability, Opportunity, Motivation and Behaviour (COM-B) frameworks led to an evolved framework bringing together important implementation and behaviour change elements which will be used as a basis for the study process evaluation.ConclusionsA description of rigorous implementation strategy development for the IMP2ART study is provided along with newly theorised integration of implementation and behaviour change science which may be of benefit to others targeting implementation in primary care.Trial registrationISRCTN15448074. Registered on 2nd December 2019.

Is Psychometrics So Useful for Academic Psychology?

Psychological theories regarding ability and personality traits often rely on the results of psychometric modelling. The latter is assumed to link responses to test items to an unobserved 'construct' (trait, ability), which is 'modelled' from the test data. However, does the agreement between the data and the model indicate that the model represents a psychological construct? To what extent is ‘psychometric modelling’ modelling in the general scientific sense of the term? The validity of using modelling data to understand psychological phenomena depends on the answer to these questions. The article analyses the logic of psychometric modelling in comparison with modelling in other sciences and argues that psychological phenomena as a subject of modelling are not involved neither in the construction nor in the correction of models. The problem of unjustified interpretations of modelling results in psychology and their undesirable consequences for psychological theory is raised. At the same time, the use of psychometric modelling for human resource decision-making is still waiting for its evaluation.

Promoting psychobiography: models and perspectives from multiple countries

This article promotes and advocates for the integration of psychobiography into academic training in psychology. While psychobiography has been foundational to the discipline of psychology since Freud’s study of Leonardo da Vinci, its procedures and methods have been sorely neglected in academic psychology. Following a brief introduction to psychobiography, the authors provide a historical review of the specialty area, review the current scope of psychobiographical training in psychology, and summarize the benefits of psychobiography to both the training of students and the broader psychology field. Next, models and examples of psychobiography integration across three continents and five countries are provided. The article concludes with specific recommendations for advancing psychobiography in academic psychology.

Pedestrian moral disengagement scale towards sustainable urban planning

This study aimed to address Goal 3.5: Reduce deaths and injuries caused by traffic accidents of the United Nations SDG 3: Good Health and Well-Being (United Nations, 2023) by examining the conduct of Peruvian pedestrians and its involvement in traffic accidents. We considered the Lima Metropolitan Area as the target population because it represents the third largest part of Peru, with 8,894,412 inhabitants (Instituto Nacional de Estadistica e Informatica, 2015). We developed and validated a pedestrian moral disengagement scale that provides relevant information about the justifications concerned when pedestrians commit transport infractions, which those in charge of transport management can use to make decisions regarding the design and planning of the infrastructure. The study was conducted in two phases. First, a questionnaire was developed with a 100–100-pedestrian sample in a two-stage brainstorming process validated by transport academic experts and psychologists. Second, a clustered instance of two stages of 405 pedestrians from Metropolitan Lima was analysed by applying exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). Results showed that the data collected were not parametric; Spearman’s correlation index validated the correlation between the items on the scale, and polychoric correlational analysis confirmed an underlying metrical variable; and the model exhibited a p-value of less than 0.001, a chi-square of 173 with 59 degrees of freedom, a root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA) of 0.0692, a comparative fit index (CFI) of o.937, a Tucker-Lewis index (TLI) of 0.917, and a standardized root mean square residual (SRMR) of 0.0457. The main conclusion was that the adjustment of the model was sufficient, considering the results obtained within the theoretical model proposed by Albert Bandura (1986) and within the phases of reliability and validation confirming the representation of the eight mechanisms of pedestrian moral disengagement in Metropolitan Lima through the 13 identified items. Furthermore, a chi-square analysis found that residents and commuters in the El Agustino district enjoyed holding on to moving vehicles while skating or cycling (item P1.10), with an asymptotic significance of 0.018. Similarly, residents and travellers in the Cieneguilla district were likely to ignore traffic lights and police instructions (item P1.13), with an asymptotic significance of 0.009. By comprehensively analysing district variables and considering each district's unique challenges and needs, urban planners and those in charge of transport management can develop more effective solutions that improve pedestrian safety, accessibility, and urban mobility in developing countries.

«СУБ’ЄКТИВНЕ» ТА «ОБ’ЄКТИВНЕ» ЯК МЕТОДОЛОГІЧНА ПРОБЛЕМА

Today, many concepts from the dictionaries of academic psychology have entered the language of everyday communication. Perhaps the most common are the concepts of «subjective» and «objective». In many textbooks of psychology, «objective» is understood as something that belongs to the object itself, something that does not depend on the subject. The objective is opposed to the subjective-personal. Experimental research in the field of quantum physics questioned the division of the world into an impartial «objective reality» and its «subjective» (not impartial, biased) reflection, which provoked a crisis in this field of knowledge and the methodology of science as a whole. The main methodological problems of psychology are the question of the place of the mental in nature; on the relationship of mental and material phenomena, on the possibilities of human cognition - questions that also arose in the depths of quantum physics and were predetermined by the internal logic of their development. An excursion into quantum physics was necessary, firstly, for a deep understanding that reality is given to us in our sensations, perceptions, ideas and mental constructs (this was evidenced by the so-called «double slit experiment» and its interpretations) and we cannot say anything about reality as it is «in itself»; secondly, the realization that the foundations on which our knowledge is built differ from those in quantum physics. Currently, there is a dichotomy between material (physical) and conceptual reality. Thus, the principle of locality, which professes ordinary consciousness and according to which specific objects occupy a specific place in time and space, contradicts the principle of non-locality, according to which isolated systems do not exist at all and every particle of the universe is in «instantaneous» communication with all other particles. The world is created from the same quantum substance and it is impossible to say that one is the cause of the other. (This statement implies, in particular, a rethinking of the «principle of determinism» which requires the establishment of unambiguous causal relationships). The reality in which we live is not quantum, our language and stereotypes of thinking do not correspond to the nature of the phenomena described by quantum physics. It is about the deep properties of matter. Personally, I got the impression that the deeper you plunge into the world of atomic and subatomic, the more the outlines of the specific, material world familiar to us become blurred and the thinner the line between the physical and conceptual world, between the material and the spiritual becomes. The purpose of this article is to define the concepts of "objective" and "subjective" based on the analysis of achievements in quantum physics in the context of psychology.