Psychology Research Articles

Определение методологического основания кризисной психологии

<p>The article examines the state and place of crisis psychology among other areas of psychology and provides its definition. The article puts forward the proposition about the “loss” of a person in modern psychology, analyzes the reasons for the change of dialogue to monologue and the replacement of the soul with the concept of “psyche”. It is noted that domestic academic psychology still does not sufficiently interfere with real life, studying not real people, but some schemes, replacing living reality with abstract definitions and conditional operational “equivalents”. Everyday psychology is proposed as a possible theoretical basis for crisis psychology. The following provisions are highlighted that can serve as a theoretical basis for crisis psychology: 1) dialogue should be taken as the basis for the methodological tools, since it allows a person to remain a subject during its study; 2) the psychobiographical approach should be considered as the main one for studying a personality in a crisis situation (as is done in everyday psychology); 3) reality, which has subjective significance and subjective interpretation of this reality, should be put at the head of the study; 4) it is necessary to control the research from the standpoint of whether the person will remain in the process of the research behind the columns of numbers and formulas; whether the life world of the person has been replaced by the subjective representation of the researcher. The position is substantiated that along with the psychology of everyday life, the ideas of phenomenology, constructivism, ethnomethodology, and interpretive anthropology come to crisis psychology. Conclusion: for crisis psychology, it is better to use qualitative research methods: observation (including participant observation), study of biographies, interviews, interpretation of symbolic forms, focus groups, etc.</p>

Context-Sensitive Conscious Interpretation and Layer-5 Pyramidal Neurons in Multistable Perception.

There appears to be a fundamental difference between the two ways of how an object becomes perceptually experienced. One occurs when preconscious object-specifying sensory data processing crosses a certain threshold so that sensory constituents of object depiction become consciously experienced. The other occurs when the already consciously experienced sensory features of the object become interpreted as belonging to a certain visual object category. Surprisingly, experimental facts about neural markers of conscious access gathered so far do not allow us to distinguish mechanisms responsible for these two varieties. A cortical multicompartment layer-5 pyramidal neuron-based generic processing model is presented in order to conceptualize a possible mechanistic solution for the explanatory cul-de-sac. To support the argument, a review of pertinent research is compiled as associated with data from studies where physically invariant perceptual stimuli have underwent alternative interpretation(s) by the brain. Recent developments in the newly emerging field of cellular psycho(physio)logy are introduced, offering a hypothetical solution for distinguishing the mechanisms subserving sensory content experience and conscious interpretation. The multicompartment single cell-based mechanistic approach to brain process correlates of conscious perception appears to have an added value beyond the traditional inter-areal connectivity-based theoretical stances.

Forecasting, diagnosis and prevention of occupational burnout, anxiety levels and coping strategies among medical workers in high-epidemic risk situations

Introduction. In the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, average medical workers turned out to be the most vulnerable category among medical workers in terms of profes sional stress, professional burnout, and a decrease in quality of life. Goal. To establish the features of professional burnout, the level of anxiety, coping strategies implemented and the quality of life in specialized «red zone» hospitals, multidisciplinary hospitals (MP hospitals), as well as polyclinics (PCs) during the pandemic of the new coronavirus infection COVID-19. Material and methods. The study was performed at the Department of Occupational Diseases and Clinical Pharmacology named after the Honored Scientist of the Russian Federation,Professor V. V. Kosarev of the Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation and the Regional Center of Occupational Pathology of the Samara City Hospital No. 5. The following MS groups were examined: the first group consisted of nurses working in the «red zone» (MS working in the «red zone») (n=29); the second group consisted of nurses working in a multidisciplinary hospital (MS working in an MP hospital) (n=31); the third group consisted of nurses working in polyclinics (MS working in a polyclinic) (n=29); the fourth, control group (GC), included employees of engineering, technical and economic specialties not related to work in medical organizations (n=190). The assessment of the professional burnout syndrome was carried out using the questionnaire on the assessment of professional burnout «Maslac burnout» developed by American psy chologists S. Maslach, S. E. Jackson in adaptation by N. E. Vodopyanova, E. S. Starchenkova, as well as the questionnaire by V. V. Boyko. The study used an integrative anxiety test (ITT) to study the formation of psychoemotional disorders in internists during the pandemic of a new coronavirus infection. Evaluation of coping strategies among internists during the pandemic of the new coronavirus infection COVID-19 was carried out according to the methodology developed by R. Lazarus and S. Folkman in 1988, adapted by E. V. Kuftyak. The quality of life was determined using the SF-36 questionnaire. The processing of the obtained data was carried out using the Statistica statistical package from StatSoft (USA). Results. It has been established that the work of MS during the COVID-19 pandemic is as sociated with the impact on medical workers of a number of specific risk factors related to the provision of medical care to infected patients, as well as with significant changes in work regarding aspects related to organization, safety, which contribute to an increase in the level of occupational stress, professional burnout, and a decrease in the quality of life. Conclusion. The work of MS in a COVID hospital, when compared with SMS, working in MP hospitals, nurses working in polyclinics, is associated with an increase in the level of profes sional stress, the level of professional burnout, the level of anxiety, an increase in the use of coping strategies, a decrease in the quality of life. It is necessary to continue research on the emotional state of MS in order to timely carry out preventive treatment to preserve the health of this category of medical workers.

Development as a Multi-Systemic Endeavor: Personal and Professional Reflections on S. J. Blatt’s Philosophy of Development

ABSTRACT We offer personal (life-story based) and professional (theoretical, empirical) reflections on Sidney J. Blatt’s philosophy of human development. By philosophy, we mean the very metaphysical assumptions about human nature and its development throughout the life span, which guided Blatt’s seminal contribution to the areas of psychoanalysis, developmental psychology and psychopathology. Of the various assumptions we discuss, we title the most central one is “multi-systemic development.” Namely, Blatt’s thinking was adamantly broad, as he strongly believed that to understand the developing mind, one has to put together all components of the person’s upbringing, personality, and life circumstances. Such holistic thinking enabled Blatt to make connections between seemingly unrelated areas of scholarship, and – in turn – to arrive at, arguably, the most comprehensive theory of psychological development in academic psychology.

Human capital, gender, institutional environment and research funding: Determinants of research productivity in German psychology.

Which academics are more productive? The "sacred spark" theory predicts that some researchers are innately more productive than others, while the theory of cumulative advantage argues that small initial inequalities accumulate to large differences in productivity over time. Using a virtually complete panel dataset of all academic psychologists found in German universities in 2019, including their career information and publications, we examine under what conditions male and female psychologists publish more peer-reviewed articles. The strongest predictor of this is prior experience in publishing peer reviewed journal articles, irrespective of other prior endowments. This relationship between earlier and later productivity is not strongly confounded by career stage, affiliation with elite institutions, receipt of third-party funding, or parenthood. The effect of prior publications on current productivity explains why female academic psychologists publish less than men do. While female psychologists publish 34% less than their male counterparts, this gap diminishes to 17% after controlling for prior publication experience. This lends supports to the theory of cumulative advantage, which explains overall differences in productivity over entire careers by the accumulation of minor initial inequalities to large outcome differences over time.

The Impact of Class Leader Experience on the Academic Psychology of Upper Primary School Students: A Study Based on Self-Efficacy, Self-Control, and Academic Procrastination

The Impact of Class Leader Experience on the Academic Psychology of Upper Primary School Students: A Study Based on Self-Efficacy, Self-Control, and Academic Procrastination

Vol 1 Issue 1 – Welcome to the issue

Welcome to this, the inaugural edition of the Northumbria Psychology Bulletin where we showcase some of the outstanding research conducted by our undergraduate and postgraduate students, both campus based and distance learning. Our goal is to provide a platform for innovative research that might help launch the careers of the next generation of professional and academic psychologists. I have always been impressed by the diversity and quality of research that our students carry out in the completion of their programmes of study under the exceptional supervision of our academic team. The continuing approach adopted by the department of psychology to support and facilitate the research ideas generated by the students is something that delivers an excellent opportunity for their development of research skills and steps towards independence. The continued student engagement with the process of writing for publication and the ongoing guidance of their supervisors is particularly impressive given that it extends beyond the completion of their degree programmes and is purely voluntary. I think it demonstrates the commitment of both parties to success beyond the classroom as well as the potential contribution our graduates can make to academic research. This issue features articles reporting applied experimental research in the area of healthcare and a qualitative investigation of the impact of Covid on the experience of higher education. I invite readers to engage with these thought-provoking studies and look forward to the future success of this journal.

Impediments to Administer Behavior Management Techniques Over Children and Adults Diagnosed with Autism Spectrum Disorder: Views of Academic Psychologists

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) presents unique challenges in behaviour management, requiring tailored approaches. This paper explores the impediments academic psychologists face in administering Behavior Management Techniques (BMTs) for children and adults diagnosed with ASD. Qualitative research was employed to discover the views of academic psychologists. The investigator selected the participants through a purposive sampling technique and performed semi-structured interviews to accumulate the views. Academic psychologists within the Punjab province, Pakistan, were taken as the population of the study. The group of five academic psychologists was selected purposefully to discover the phenomenon. Academic psychologists were recruited from the Govt. Special Education Centers, along with the experience of diverse clinical settings, hospital practices and clinical sessions with children and adults diagnosed with ASD. Twelve open-ended questions were designed to inquire from the respondents and to facilitate a deeper dialogue about the phenomenon of the study. Reflexive thematic analysis was employed over the views of academic psychologists. The analysis process involved coding the data to perceive the patterns of the data. Patterns were prepared into broader themes and then sub-themes to increase the complete understanding of the statistics. Key impediments were identified, including communication challenges, sensory sensitivities, individualized needs, and lack of parental involvement. Understanding these impediments is crucial for developing effective interventions and improving outcomes for children and adults diagnosed with ASD.

An overview of offender profiling

Generally speaking, criminals are caught by police for one or more of the following reasons: they confess to the crime; another criminal gives the police useful information about a crime; they are arrested red-handed or chased and caught by police; an eyewitness describes them; forensic evidence (fingerprints, footprints, DNA, etc.) at the crime scene or their handwriting or video footage is linked to them; or finally, because the police link a number of crimes committed by the same offender. Further, in today's large urban centres all over the world, the work of police detectives is becoming increasingly difficult, calling for more sophisticated techniques as criminals become even more adept. Films such as Silence of the Lambs, television series like Cracker in the UK, Mindhunter, CSI: Crime Scene Investigation, CSI: Miami or Profiler, and popular books like The Real Cracker by Stephen Cook (2001) , The Jigsaw Man and Picking Up the Pieces by Paul Britton (1998 , 2001 ) have popularised criminal profiling. In addition, well-known retired Federal Bureau of Investigation profilers (e.g. John Douglas, Roy Hazelwood, Robert Ressler) have published some of their experiences in helping law enforcement agencies catch serial killers. Likewise, in the UK, two very experienced offender profilers have published works; namely, academic psychologist Julian Boon and psychiatrist Richard Baddock. Offender profiling refers to the use of behavioural data evident in a crime to assist a police investigation by seeking to infer attributes of probable offenders, thus narrowing the police search for suspects.

Psychologische Frauenbefreiung: Feministische Therapie zwischen Psychologie und Frauenbewegung in der Bundesrepublik der 1970er Jahre

ZusammenfassungDie zweite Welle der Frauenbewegung erfasste ab den späten 1960er Jahren sämtliche Bereiche der westdeutschen Gesellschaft. Dazu gehörten Debatten darüber, wie die Gesundheitsversorgung von Frauen selbstbestimmt, frauenfreundlich und feministischen Idealen entsprechend gestaltet werden könnte. Dies wurde auch in Hinblick auf die damals allgemein boomende Psychotherapie diskutiert. Der vorliegende Beitrag geht der Frage nach, wie Debatten rund um eine feministische Therapie in der Bundesrepublik aufkamen. Dabei rückt das spannungsgeladene Verhältnis zwischen Psychologie und Psychotherapie in den Blick. Während feministische Frauenberatungsstellen und Therapiezentren im deutschsprachigen Raum seit den späten 1970er Jahren ein verbreiteter Bestandteil des psychosozialen Versorgungsnetzes wurden, blieb die wissenschaftliche Psychologie feministischen Einflüssen gegenüber weitgehend unbewegt. Der Artikel zeichnet nach, wie es zu diesem Ungleichgewicht zwischen feministisch-therapeutischer Praxis und psychologischer Frauenforschung kam. Dazu setzt er im Jahr 1974 an, als Psychologinnen versuchten, feministische Impulse in die akademische Psychologie zu tragen und feministische Aktivistinnen psychotherapeutische Ansätze für die Frauenbewegung nutzbar machten. Dass viele Psychologinnen ihr Engagement aus dem akademischen in das therapeutische Feld verlagerten – so die These des Artikels –, lag an den wenig förderlichen Bedingungen, die feministisch orientierte Psychologinnen in der deutschsprachigen akademischen Psychologie vorfanden.

Psicologia da Pandemia: Informação, Confiança e Afetos durante o Enfrentamento do COVID-19.

O objetivo do presente estudo foi observar as relações entre o acesso à informação acerca do COVID-19 (frequência e acurácia), a confiança em setores sociais no manejo da pandemia, e os afetos nesse período. Para tal, contou-se com 210 voluntários de todas as regiões brasileiras, majoritariamente mulheres (69%) com idade média de 29,5 anos (DP = 11,5). Realizaram-se análises descritivas, correlações bivariadas, regressão múltipla e mediações através do R Studio. Os resultados apontaram efeitos indiretos da frequência da informação acerca do COVID-19 na acurácia desta e nos afetos positivos. Esses efeitos foram mediados pela confiança na saúde (efeito indireto na qualidade da informação: λ = 0,163, IC 95% = 0,049 - 0,278, p < 0,01; nos afetos positivos: λ = 0,094, IC 95% = 0,032 - 0,155, p < 0,01). Adicionalmente, os afetos negativos foram preditos pela confiança na saúde, a idade, confiança na mídia e nas instituições governamentais.

Productivity Benchmarking and Burnout in Psychosocial Oncology: Creating a Sustainable Care Model.

Psychosocial oncology specialists in academic medical centers are at risk for burnout as they deliver a wide range of clinical, research, educational, and administrative services in high demand work environments. No national productivity benchmarks exist for this specialty. This study examines factors contributing to burnout among academic psychosocial oncology psychologists (PSOP), presents viable productivity standards, and a sustainable care model to mitigate burnout. Psychosocial oncology specialists recruited from the American Psychosocial Oncology Society membership were surveyed to determine frequency of burnout as measured by the Mini Z, professional fulfillment via the Stanford Professional Fulfillment Index, as well as demographic, clinical practice, and systems predictors of burnout. We examine salary discrepancies by gender and race. We focus on psychologists providing services in academic medical centers. Burnout was reported by 37%-44% of psychologists and was associated with high clinical volumes, mid-career status, and less than 10% administrative time. There were no differences in burnout by gender or race. However, females earned significantly less than men at each academic rank. PSOP report high levels of burnout consistent with other oncology professionals. Critical predictors include patient volume and lack of administrative time. Mid-career providers are more vulnerable to burnout, suggesting an inflection point at which individuals may be more likely to leave the field. We recommend a benchmark for clinical volume and sufficient administrative time to support the tripartite mission (education, research, patient care) and quadruple aim (patient experience, population health, cost, worker well-being) of academic medical centers.

Psychologists' Opportunities for Fostering Leadership Skills in Academic Medicine: The Rothenberger Leadership Academy.

Healthcare leaders must increasingly attend to the monumental challenges facing their organizations (Angood and Falcone, American Association for Physician Leadership, 2023). As such, leadership in healthcare settings demands new skills sets amongst healthcare professionals that transcend the technical skills of any given profession. Academic health center psychologists are well-positioned to contribute to the leadership of academic health centers due to knowledge, skills, and attitudes fostered in doctoral psychology education, practice, and research through the focus on Profession-Wide Competencies. This article calls for psychologists to pursue more leadership opportunities within academic health centers.The article starts by identifying parallels between psychology's Profession-Wide Competencies and needed leadership skills/concepts for healthcare leaders. An example of an academic health center psychologist's leadership in a cohort-based physician leadership program illustrates how Profession-Wide Competencies were used in three structural elements of the leadership program. The article identifies particular leadership opportunities for psychologists within academic health centers.

From Science to Therapy: The Shaping of German Psychology Through Student Preferences

In 2020, a new record was set: For the first time in history, more than 100.000 students of psychology were officially enrolled in Germany. This remarkable number is the outcome of a long-term transformation of the whole academic landscape in Europe as well as dynamics that are specific to the German context. As these recent changes have not yet been properly discussed outside the German-speaking world, this paper provides a contextual analysis of the factors that have contributed to the current state of discipline, including legal regulations and economic conditions, academic curricula, and students’ preferences. It is argued that the growth of the discipline was primarily an effect of psychology becoming the primary route to psychotherapeutic practice in Germany after World War II. Even though representatives of the discipline repeatedly voiced concern about the one-sided interest of their students, German academic psychology has benefited from the steady increase in demand for clinical training, especially among female students, on many levels. In late 2020, a new law came into force which redefined the requirements for the qualification of psychotherapists. Although this legal reform was introduced only very recently, it is already becoming apparent that this change will have a profound impact on the discipline. As the tensions between basic research and applied branches increase, cracks are appearing in the foundations of the whole discipline, forcing it to make tough choices about its future development.

THE POWER OF OPEN COMMUNICATION: EXAMINING THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PARENT-ADOLESCENT COMMUNICATION AND PROBLEM EXTENT AND THE MODERATING ROLE OF SIBLING INFLUENCE

Adolescence is the period of extensive physical, emotional, and social transformation. This article focuses on the primary role of effective communication within the family, especially parents and siblings influence, in shaping adolescence development. It considers how open, supportive, and sincere interactions help in identity formation, peer relationships, cognitive development, and affect regulation during this critical stage. The article draws both on Eastern and Western psychological paradigms, showing how academic psychology has evolved over the years and the main theoretical frameworks which inform our understanding of adolescent development. It is in this regard that the current study will explore the importance of effective family communication in developing a positive identity, building self-esteem, and supplying a sense of belonging. Emphasized herein is the role of parents in guiding adolescents through open discussions that will help them think critically, solve problems, and make independent decisions. Attention falls onto sibling influence in that they are in a special position to offer emotional support, companionship, and modeling behaviors. It draws from quantitative studies how family dynamics impact adolescent results. Construction and standardization processes of psychological measures are described to explain why reliable and valid instruments are needed when studying adolescent behavior and family interaction. This article concludes with the practical recommendations to enhance family communication strategies in supporting adolescent development. This integration of theoretical perspectives and empirical findings thus provides critical insights for educators, practitioners, and families seeking to promote healthy developmental trajectories among adolescents through effective communication and supportive sibling relationships.

SOME FEATURES OF THE ORGANIZATION OF PSYCHOLOGICAL SERVICES IN EDUCATION

Psychological services is one of the areas of application of psychology. Its features, first of all, depends on how effective its interactions with academic psychology are. In the article three areas of psychological services in elementary schools and its scientific, applied and practical features. İn the article, it is indicated that psychological servicesat schools based on the unity and inseparable interaction of these three areas. Separating them from each other is scientifically one-sided but practically it is harmful. Some features of organizing psychological services for students in primary education

Book Review of Looking at Trauma: A Tool Kit for Clinicians

This book review looks at a clinical tool kit that provides a solid conceptual foundation in trauma care. The editors have drawn on the expertise of psychotherapists, psychological associates, psychiatrists, social workers, and a medical illustrator. The unique approach offers a resource to paraprofessionals, professionals, and anyone working in settings where trauma is a necessary consideration. The tool kit provides practice information for psychoeducation and guidance on how to develop strategies to manage the effects of complex trauma. The primary goal is to build community capacity in an already overburdened mental health system.

Gender disparities in social and personality psychology awards from 1968 to 2021

Gender disparities persist in academic psychology. The present study extended previous investigations to social and personality psychology award recipients. We collated publicly available data on award winners (N = 2700) from 17 international societies from 1968 to 2021. Features of the award, including year given, type of award, seniority level, whether the award was shared with more than one winner, and gender/sex of the recipient were coded. Overall, men were more likely to be recognized with awards than women, but the proportion of awards won by women has increased over time. Despite this increased share of awards, women were more likely to win awards for service and teaching (which are generally viewed as less prestigious) rather than research contributions. These differences were moderated by year - women were more likely to win service or teaching awards, compared to research awards, after 1999 and 2007, respectively. Women were more likely to win awards at postgraduate/early career levels or open to all levels compared to senior awards. Findings suggest that women’s greater representation in academic psychology in recent years has not been accompanied by parity in professional recognition and eminence.

Utopias for Boomers: religion, psychology, and sovereignty in the long sixties

ABSTRACT This article discusses the intertwining of religion and politics in utopian imaginaries against the backdrop of Robert Yelle’s recent theoretical reflections on the relationship between the ‘sacred’ and Carl Schmitt’s idea of a ‘state of exception.’ It argues that in utopian imaginaries, the convergence of the religious and political domains becomes apparent in the postulation of an antinomian ‘Archimedean point of view’ that provides a foundation from which the new social reality can be represented and legitimized. To illustrate this thesis, the article compares the utopian imaginaries put forward in the Long Sixties by three academic psychologists – B.F. Skinner, Timothy Leary, and Abraham Maslow – who provided visions of the ideal future to the Baby Boomer generation. The article shows that despite their different understandings of both the nature of the human psyche and the ideal social order, all three authors base their projects on a form of antinomian sovereignty.

Rethinking big P: Integrating personal and academic psychology knowledge in university teaching

Looking at how people get oriented towards the psychological discipline, it is striking that students are often initially drawn to psychology because they wish better to understand their personal experiences and the world around them. However, these initial aspirations often remain unmet by the content of academic psychology classes and the teachers conveying it. Building on my experiences as a psychology lecturer, I explore the challenges of connecting personal experiences to psychological content in academic practice for students and teachers and how this can be traced back to the ongoing contested nature of psychology’s subject matter. In doing so, I mainly draw on the distinction between ‘big P’ academic psychology knowledge and ‘small p’ everyday psychology knowledge to explain the current conditions and discursive dynamics in psychology classrooms. I then turn to insights from other disciplines concerned with facilitating academic teaching experiences integrating personal engagement and everyday experience to explore how the role of psychology instructors can be redefined and expanded in the future. Given that university classrooms play a pivotal role in shaping students’ professional identity and perception of the discipline, I advocate for acknowledging and utilizing the personal relevance of seminar contents to bridge the gap between ‘big P’ and ‘small p’ psychology in academic teaching.