Topics In Psychology Research Articles

On prehistoric psychology: Reflections at the invitation of Göbekli Tepe.

The Neolithic Revolution has been heralded as the most significant sociocognitive change in human history, yet it is all but ignored by psychology. This gives rise to a reconsideration of the question "Where should the history of psychology begin?" Using the Neolithic archaeological site of Göbekli Tepe as a concrete case study, the advent of writing, organized religion, and our transition from being egalitarian bands of hunter-gatherers to socially stratified and specialized builders of "civilization" all stand as salient, but prehistoric, psychological topics. Such matters seem clearly crucial to understanding the full story of psychology, but nevertheless this vital segment of prehistory manages to be passed over by even evolutionary psychologists as well as historians of our discipline. How this problem is best addressed remains an open question. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).

On the Psychology of the Psychology Subject Pool

Abstract. Many psychology researches are performed through “psychology subject pools” which give participants considerable flexibility when they participate. This “participant degree-of-freedom” has led to concern that the characteristics of subject pool participants may change with time, with the most engaged students signing up at the start of the semester and the least engaged students leaving it all to the end. In this paper, we performed an exploratory analysis to look for evidence of this “good student effect.” Consistent with previous work, we find support for the good student effect with earlier participants scoring higher on the Big-Five subscales of Achievement-Striving and Cooperation, as well as Grit and Empathic-Concern. In addition, we found a non-linear effect of time-of-semester on Sensation-Seeking, with this measure peaking in the middle of the semester as well as the end. However, the vast majority of the measures we tested, including measures of personality, cognition, decision-making, and social interaction, did not correlate with time-of-semester or time-of-day at all. Thus, we conclude that, while some studies directly related to measures of Grit and Sensation-Seeking would do well to recruit throughout the semester, in most cases any bias introduced by the good student effect is likely to be small.

AKTUELNOST FIHTEOVOG POIMANJA TRANSCENDENTALNOG JA I PSIHOLOŠKOG JA ZA SAVREMENU FILOZOFIJU DUHA

Autor u radu istražuje mesto, ulogu i značaj transcendentalnog Ja u Fihteovom sistemu učenja o nauci, s teorijskog stanovišta. Ono će biti sagledano kroz ideje apsolutnog, neuslovljenog načela, reziduuma apstrakcije i proizvoda zbiljske radnje, kao i ideja ideelnog zraka i transcendentalnog momenta u psihičkoj svesti; dok će se apsolutno Ja prikazati kao aktivnost spontaniteta uma, zaključno sa Ja u refleksiji. Ono će se ispostaviti kao istovreme- no, s jedne strane, čisto, transcendentalno i logičko, a s druge kao konkretno i individualno. Zahvaljujući ovakvoj svojoj dualnoj prirodi, ono omogućuje samosvest kao sui generis, ra- zličitu od predmetne svesti i slobodno delanje, kao agens. Ova interpretacija Fihteovih ideja ima za cilj da ih učini pristupačnijim, plodnim i relevantnim za analizu u svetlu savremene filozofije duha, analitičke i kontinentalne, kao i povezivanje nekih od glavnih pojmova. Dalje isticanje značaja ideja učenja o nauci i problema egološke i neegološke svesti, biće razrađeno na drugom mestu.

A quantitative assessment of the need for offering counseling services to medical students at the University of Zambia School of Medicine

Background: This research was birthed in 2017 during a trip to Lusaka, Zambia, with the purpose of offering fourth-year, medical students attending the University of Zambia, School of Medicine, lectures on psychology topics as part of their clinical studies. Students were also offered brief therapy sessions where they could process thoughts and feelings causing them internal struggles. The subject of offering counseling on a regular basis was randomly discussed with the students. From these discussions the need for this research became evident, with the intent of becoming the launching pad to brainstorm the most effective ways of developing a plan to offer counseling services for all medical students attending the University of Zambia School of Medicine. Methods: An-experimental research design, consisting of completion of a 12-item questionnaire administered by paper and pen. The inclusion criteria were the fourth year, medical students attending the University of Zambia, School of Medicine. Results: The student responses revealed that most of them had little to no experience with counseling services, but a strong desire for them. Discussion: The goal of this study was to simply establish a need for an on-campus counseling service, the need of which has been established by the very students who would benefit. With the acceptance of this need, the future plan is to explore the different ways in which this need can be fulfilled with minimal costs to the Medical School Program. Conclusion: This study is the first step towards identifying the needs of the medical students and sets the ground-work for further research into the specific areas of need and mental health challenges. More specificity in the area of demographics of students will produce a more comprehensive picture of the areas of concentration for the therapists offering services.

Empatía y prosocialidad: proyectos de aprendizaje-servicio en psicología social

Los proyectos de Aprendizaje-Servicio son una oportunidad para trabajar tanto la empatía como la prosocialidad de los universitarios. Trasladar contenidos teóricos al contexto real de manera práctica contribuye a la adquisición de competencias transversales de las asignaturas. El objetivo de este trabajo es presentar experiencias realizadas con esta metodología por un grupo de alumnos de la asignatura de psicología social. Estos llevaron a cabo varios proyectos con diferentes entidades, aunque todas ellas se centraron en dar respuesta a necesidades de niños y adolescentes en riesgo de exclusión social, procedentes de barrios problemáticos y de familias desestructuradas, sin apenas recursos para establecer relaciones interpersonales saludables. En dichos contextos, los alumnos universitarios detectaron problemas de convivencia, falta de cohesión social, escasa inteligencia emocional, presencia de conductas disruptivas, desarrollo psicoafectivo escaso y frustración ante cuestiones académicas que afectaban a cuestiones tanto atencionales como conductuales. El proyecto de intervención de los alumnos para abordar esta problemática se llevó a cabo desde un trabajo en red con otras ONGs y asociaciones. También, se centró básicamente en reforzar las buenas prácticas que ya se estaban realizando en los centros educativos a través del refuerzo escolar, y se les enseñó a trabajar en equipo a través de juegos y actividades deportivas. Los resultados de este servicio contribuyeron a mejorar en los niños y adolescentes su identidad social al trabajar el autoconcepto y la autoestima, fomentaron la autonomía y fortalecieron aptitudes para ayudarles a integrarse en la sociedad sin obviar la educación en valores como solidaridad, respeto y responsabilidad. Además, aprendieron herramientas como la negociación y el diálogo para solucionar sus conflictos en los distintos ámbitos de su vida. Y los alumnos valoraron positivamente la metodología, desarrollando así la prosocialidad y la empatía, fruto de la experiencia de aprendizaje derivada de ésta tanto a nivel personal como académico.

Rasch Analysis of an Indonesian version of the General Self-Efficacy Scale-12: A Comparison of Rating Scale Model (RSM) and Partial Credit Model (PCM)

Self-efficacy is one of the most researched topics in education and psychology, which grounded within social cognitive theory. Various instruments are available that can be used to measure general self-efficacy. As a foundational instrument in the measurement of general self-efficacy, the study investigated the psychometric properties of the General Self-Efficacy Scale-12 (GSES-12). Although the instrument has been adapted into Bahasa, the contribution of the Rasch measurement model in validating this instrument has never done before. By utilizing various advantages of the Rasch model, the polytomous Rasch model (RSM and PCM) were used. The data used in this study are secondary data from previous research. The sample consisted of 303 students (132 male, 171 female) with an age range 18 - 22 years old (mean age = 19.56, SD = 1.20). The results of Rasch's analysis show that the psychometric characteristics of GSES-12 are adequate. The data fit to the Partial Credit Model compared to Rating Scale Model. All assumptions in applying the Rasch model are fulfilled, and also the item fit to the model. Implications and suggestions for future research are also discussed.

INTERDISCIPLINARY APPROACH OF ISLAMIC PSYCHOLOGY LITERACY IN INDONESIA

The development of journal literacy with the theme of Islamic Psychology used a lot of typologies in the madhab of psychology, including Islamic Psychoanalysis, Islamic Psycho-behavioristic, Islamic Psychohumanistic, Islamic Psychocognitive, and Islamic Psychotranspersonal. This study aims to analyze the types of madhab integration in constructing journal literacy in the areas of Islamic psychology in Indonesia. Thus, the tendency could be known and be a guideline in the development of Islamic psychology later on. As library research that used content analysis techniques, this study found that although the journal writers had diverse typologies in the development of the Islamic Psychology madhab, the study showed that the Transpersonal madhab dominated the pattern of developing Islamic psychology in the journaling system in Indonesia.This tendency is due to the process of Islamic integration, the easiest psychology, and the lowest resistance level is integrating Psychotranspersonal with Islamic sciences. Psychotranspersonal themes are more easily developed through literary research and/or qualitative research, while other madhabs claim more to quantitative research.

“Hybrid psychology agent”: Overcoming the about/for dichotomy from praxis

I draw on my experience in community development with “othered” groups to present the idea of the “hybrid psychology agent.” This, I contend, is a key figure in overcoming the dichotomies alleged by Indigenous psychologists and confronted by Held (2020). On the one hand, the concept is rooted in hands-on work in multicultural settings. It is also supported by Cultural-Historical research through projects such as Service Learning that connect higher education students with disenfranchised Roma children. On the other hand, the concept follows a critical theory framework where, as implied by Held, a paradigm shift in science is needed. The issue at point is not whether folk Indigenous knowledge should replace so-called objective knowledge, but how the latter should embrace the experience of a more diverse psychological object and subject, mainly through the participation of “othered” people as psychology scientists and practitioners.

Experiments in Scale: Humanitarian Psychiatry in Post-Disaster Turkey

ABSTRACT A massive earthquake that struck Turkey in 1999 generated an unprecedented mobilization of Turkish psychiatrists and psychologists to address the mental and emotional aftermath of the disaster. In this article I examine how these mental health professionals, swept up in a wave of humanitarian compassion, confronted the limits of their own expertise and struggled to improvise a therapeutic response that could match the scale of psychological suffering precipitated by the earthquake. Framing humanitarian and global health interventions as inescapably scalar projects, I explore the pragmatic and imaginative labor involved in making psychiatric expertise scalable, what I characterize as their “work of therapeutic scalability.” In doing so, I raise a series of questions about the psychological subject of disaster, the transnational mobility of technoscientific expertise, and the politics of both life and scale at play in psychiatric humanitarian intervention.

Editorial Note for Journal of Psychology and Psychotherapy

I am delighted to introduce the Journal of Psychology and Psychotherapy (JPPT) a rapid peer reviewed journal which is a valuable source of information for scholars, researchers, professionals, and students, providing in-depth perspectives on intriguing contemporary topics of Psychology. Built on an ethos of openness, we are passionate about working with the global academic community to promote open scholarly research to the world. I am pleased to announce that, all issues of the 9th Edition were published online well within the time and the print issues were also brought out and dispatched within 30 days of publishing the issue online during the year of 2019.

Editorial Note for Alternative and Integrative Medicine Journal

Alternative & Integrative Medicine (ISSN: 2167-7182) is a rapid peer reviewed journal which is a valuable source of information for scholars, researchers, professionals, and students, providing in-depth perspectives on intriguing contemporary topics of Psychology. Built on an ethos of openness, we are passionate about working with the global academic community to promote open scholarly research to the world.

Towards a socially situated rumouring: Historical and critical perspectives of rumour transmission

AbstractRumours are an ubiquitous feature of people's social life and one of the oldest topics in social psychology. Rumours, which tend to spread during crisis situations, allow people to mitigate unpleasant feelings and construct a meaning of the surrounding world. Rumour transmission has been associated with a number of specific individual (e.g., anxiety, personal involvement) and situational (e.g., ambiguity, uncertainty) characteristics and studied with the serial reproduction paradigm (Allport & Postman, 1947) in laboratory settings. The main criticism of rumour research has been its focus on primarily individual‐level analyses in an attempt to explain a social phenomenon. Furthermore, the classic serial reproduction paradigm tends to omit the essential properties of interpersonal interactions and communication processes. Despite the recent and rapidly growing trend of social network methods in social and behavioural sciences, rumour research could also include a finer analysis of individuals' social characteristics and the related complexity of real‐life communication processes. Therefore, the integration of a socially situated approach to rumour transmission might be especially relevant for rumour research and promising for the study of other social phenomena by extension.

Machine learning identifies the dynamics and influencing factors in an auditory category learning experiment

Human learning is one of the main topics in psychology and cognitive neuroscience. The analysis of experimental data, e.g. from category learning experiments, is a major challenge due to confounding factors related to perceptual processing, feedback value, response selection, as well as inter-individual differences in learning progress due to differing strategies or skills. We use machine learning to investigate (Q1) how participants of an auditory category-learning experiment evolve towards learning, (Q2) how participant performance saturates and (Q3) how early we can differentiate whether a participant has learned the categories or not. We found that a Gaussian Mixture Model describes well the evolution of participant performance and serves as basis for identifying influencing factors of task configuration (Q1). We found early saturation trends (Q2) and that CatBoost, an advanced classification algorithm, can separate between participants who learned the categories and those who did not, well before the end of the learning session, without much degradation of separation quality (Q3). Our results show that machine learning can model participant dynamics, identify influencing factors of task design and performance trends. This will help to improve computational models of auditory category learning and define suitable time points for interventions into learning, e.g. by tutorial systems.

Attention in Psychology, Neuroscience, and Machine Learning.

Attention is the important ability to flexibly control limited computational resources. It has been studied in conjunction with many other topics in neuroscience and psychology including awareness, vigilance, saliency, executive control, and learning. It has also recently been applied in several domains in machine learning. The relationship between the study of biological attention and its use as a tool to enhance artificial neural networks is not always clear. This review starts by providing an overview of how attention is conceptualized in the neuroscience and psychology literature. It then covers several use cases of attention in machine learning, indicating their biological counterparts where they exist. Finally, the ways in which artificial attention can be further inspired by biology for the production of complex and integrative systems is explored.

Produção de conhecimento e formação em psicologia do esporte no Amazonas

O presente estudo insere-se no âmbito da psicologia do esporte, especialidade e campo de atuação da psicologia. Considerando a interface entre as demais ciências do esporte, especialmente a educação física, buscou-se compreender a formação e a produção cientifica em psicologia do esporte no Amazonas. Mapeou-se possíveis produções, além de cursos credenciados de psicologia e educação física, suas respectivas estruturas curriculares visando identificar a inserção dessa área como disciplina, além de grupos e linhas de pesquisa. De modo geral os resultados apontam um contexto científico não consolidado com oferta de disciplinas de psicologia do esporte no bacharelado das formações em psicologia e educação física. Destaca-se o recente crescimento das monografias abordando a temática e a não divulgação dos resultados das pesquisas como uma problemática a ser enfrentada. Sugere-se a criação de alternativas no contexto acadêmico visando fomentar a divulgação das produções, assim como a relevante discussão sobre o campo da psicologia do esporte na formação acadêmica.

Big Data Analysis for Child Well-being on Academic Research

Background/Objectives: This study is to examine the well-being of child in the world of child’s life such as development, education, and play in a phenomenological manner.Method/Statistical Analysis: We based data collected through educational and academic information sources (RISS) search as big data, and analyzed the keywords and the network analyzed by the ‘well-being’, ‘wellness” and ‘Chamsari’ keywords. The frequency, ranking, and connection of the keywords were analyzed through the process of processing the collected unstructured text into the data suitable for research and analysis.Findings: This study tried to reveal the reality of child well-being through phenomenological perspective based on the understanding of experts about child well-being through academic big data analysis. The results of the study showed that psychological themes such as activities, body, emotion, subjectivity, and psychology were highly linked with child’s well-being. Child who live well in the phenomenological attitude exhibition were distinguished from adults and they were justifying adult control and intervention by refracting them as immature beings. In addition, it points out that the uniqueness of individual existence undermines the originality of the existing child, and furthermore, it can realize the child’s disaster by expanding the unique life style of the child’s existence by the advancement of the fusion of expression through the subjective expression of the unique individual existence experienced by the child, and the dialogue based on the ethics with the other.Improvements/Applications: This study suggests that the ideological foundation of living and human public service should be prepared.

Autorregulación del deseo como competencia básica para el desarrollo emocional

En este artículo se pretende describir cualitativamente las autopercepciones en la competencia de autorregulación de los propios deseos de estudiantes de magisterio en cuatro cursos consecutivos con un total de 224 estudiantes de la Facultad de Educación de entre 18 y 19 años en la asignatura de Psicología del Desarrollo. Igualmente se reflexiona sobre el fenómeno de cómo se manifiesta la presencia o ausencia de esta competencia y sus implicaciones psicológicas, educativas, y socioculturales. Para ello, tras una revisión teórica sobre la literatura científica, se expone una propuesta docente exploratoria y descriptiva en la que se parte de dos fuentes de información. Por un lado, el análisis de contenido cualitativo de un trabajo escrito instrospectivo, personal y confidencial sobre la autopercepción de esta competencia. Por otro lado, la consideración de los resultados de 39 minigrupos de discusión. El análisis descriptivo e interpretativo de los resultados muestra que los participantes reconocen y describen sus dificultades para la autorregulación de sus deseos, y explican sus dificultades, aunque con bastantes atribuciones externas. Además, queda patente las múltiples dependencias que presentan para autorregular sus deseos. Como conclusiones, se destacan la necesidad del entrenamiento en esta competencia dentro del ámbito universitario; esto requiere formación en los docentes; que tanto el trabajo introspectivo como los grupos de discusión son recursos educativos de metodología cualitativa muy valiosos en la formación inicial del docente; y se sugiere investigar la relación de esta competencia con otras competencias emocionales intrapersonales y con los propósitos vitales.

IDENTIFYING PSYCHOLOGICAL SUBJECT AS A THEME: FOCUSING ON ENGLISH DECLARATIVE CLAUSES

This research discusses one of the types of subjects functioning as a theme proposed by Halliday (1985) in the English Declarative Clause which is called the Psychological Subject. Halliday claims the interpretation of Psychological subject into as something which is the concern of the message. It is the first constituent which becomes a ‘subject-matter’ of the clause. The data are taken from two kinds of books. The first one is an autobiography book and the second one is a medical book. The aim of this research is to identify the kinds of the theme found in psychological subjects in the English Declarative Clause and also categories found in psychological subjects functioning as a theme. The method used is a descriptive method and the technique employed is paraphrasing. The descriptive method was used to depict the empirical data discovered in those sources. Meanwhile, the paraphrasing technique was employed in order to explore the characteristics of psychological subject functioning as a theme, types of theme and categories of syntactic units. The study shows that Psychological Subject (PS) functioning as a theme can be filled by words and groups which could be realized by nominal groups (nouns and pronouns), nominal group complexes, adverbial groups or prepositional phrases. Nominal groups (nouns and pronouns) and nominal group complexes can be identified as unmarked themes which are ordinary, expected, and usual form according to Deterding (2001), Gerot and Wignel (1994) identified as the subject of the sentence. Meanwhile, adverbial groups and prepositional phrases could be identified as marked themes because they become the first constituents which perform the point of the departure of the message in the clause.

Three Hamlet ballets from World War II to the Ukrainian crisis

Breaking with a tradition of action-filled ballets with a heroic protagonist, a number of 20th- and 21st-century choreographies of Hamlet have probed the psychological and political themes of William Shakespeare’s tragedy. Inspired by theatre and film productions, choreographers have also used the medium’s visual language to comment on Shakespeare’s text and open up its interpretive potentialities. This article analyses three adaptations: Robert Helpmann’s 1942 version for the Sadler’s Wells Ballet, Kenneth MacMillan’s 1988 Sea of Troubles for six former Royal Ballet dancers, and Radu Poklitaru and Declan Donnellan’s iconoclastic 2015 Hamlet for Moscow’s Bolshoi Ballet.

РЕФЛЕКСИВНО-КРЕАТИВНЫЙ ПОДХОД К КОНТРОЛЮ УЧЕБНОЙ ДЕЯТЕЛЬНОСТИ СТУДЕНТОВ ТЕХНИЧЕСКОГО ВУЗА

Statement of the problem. At the present stage of training, the issue of monitoring student,s educational activity at a technical university remains a priority. The article considers the reflexive plus creative approach as a powerful means of control over the implementation of cognitive and practical actions of students that is an indicator of creative growth of personality. The author of the article, not without reason, believes that cultivating the reflective development of student,s creative activity in the future will allow them to reach a higher level of creative development and self-actualize in real practice. The purpose of the article is to describe the control algorithms in the study of academic disciplines “Russian Language And Culture of Speech”, “History of World Art”, “Russian Language of Business Communication” in higher education; to offer a system of reflective and creative tasks that create the most important prerequisites for unlocking the potential and abilities of students. The methodology of the research is analysis and synthesis of research works of Russian and international authors on topics of reflection, personality psychology, creative abilities, creativity, disclosure and development of a person,s creative potential. In addition, the methodological basis of the study is the theory of activity by A.N. Leontiev, philosophical and psychological-pedagogical provisions on personality (L.S. Vygotsky, A.N. Leontiev, S.L. Rubinstein) and the experience of training qualified personnel through development of universal, general professional and professional competencies among university students in accordance with the requirements of the Federal State Educational Standard (FSES) of Higher Education. Results. The use of the reflective and creative approach to control training activities sets the guidelines for the process of unlocking the creative potential among students that provides subject-information enrichment, creation of positive emotional background, cultivation activity, communicational, personal, intellectual reflections, and liberation of their internal capabilities. The expected results meet the requirements specified in the curriculum of the Siberian State University of Science and Technology named after academician M. F. Reshetnev for the specialization of training 42.03.01 Advertising and Public Relations in accordance with the FSES of Higher Education. The requirements include the following: systematization and consolidation of theoretical knowledge, development of cognitive abilities, improvement of independent thinking, formation of universal, general professional and professional competences. Conclusion. The strategy of individual and group tasks proposed in the article and the creation of the Almanac magazines on their basis contributes to a better study of the new subject content of academic disciplines. According to the author, such a strategy deserves attention as an effective way to control educational activities of students organized as part of reflective and creative activity, where information is not the goal, but a means of mastering the actions and operations of professional activity.