Psychological Tension Research Articles

Modelling the pedestrian’s willingness to walk on the subway platform: A novel approach to analyze in-vehicle crowd congestion

A common behavior pattern observed on subway platforms is that pedestrians walk downstairs from the escalator and choose a door to wait for a rail train. Interestingly, pedestrians often walk to farther doors rather than the nearest one to the escalator. This paper proposes a new concept, called willingness to walk (WTW), to describe pedestrians' behavioral characteristics, including their psychological tendency to stay in their original queue or to walk to farther queues. Two regression models are proposed to quantitatively measure WTW, both of which are calibrated using an inequality-based least square method. Observation data are collected through field investigation and simulation software. The calibration results confirm the existence of WTW. The proposed method is then applied to analyze the distribution of waiting passengers on the platform and the level of in-vehicle crowding. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed WTW models can reliably approximate the actual passenger load in carriages.

Patience with foster children as a major problem for grandparents in the role of kinship carers aged 60 + and the psychosocial determinants of this deficit

Kinship care represents the most prevalent form of foster care in Poland. Most commonly, the role of kinship carers is taken on by grandparents, who may struggle with various problems, needs and deficits in this role. The aim of this study was to investigate the problem of patience in kinship carers aged 60 + and its impact on deficits in the performance of roles and duties.Methods Seventy-five foster grandparents (63 female, 84%) aged from 61 to 97 years (M = 69,12; SD = 6.22) were investigated in north-western Poland in 2018 and 2019. The study was based on the diagnostic survey method.Results Psychological disposition, functioning, health problems and parental needs and deficits were assessed using standardised psychometric scales and tools self-constructed for this research study. A lack of patience with foster children was reported by 46.7% (n = 35) of the respondents. Patience deficits corresponded with a significantly lower sense of coherence, especially in the manageability domain (p < 0.001) and such stress coping strategies as lower positive reappraisal (p = 0.016) and seeking of emotional support (p = 0.025), as well as a greater tendency for suppression of activities (p = 0.014) and venting of emotions (p = 0.035). Relatively permanent personality traits and general self-efficacy were not differentiated by patience with children.Conclusions The results suggest that patience – so important for biological and foster parents – is related to psychological competencies that can be improved through psychoeducation and skills-training, which may be beneficial for improving foster carers’ effectiveness.

An effective metaheuristic technology of people duality psychological tendency and feedback mechanism-based Inherited Optimization Algorithm for solving engineering applications

Nature- and society-inspired metaheuristic algorithms have recently become the most promising technological model. To solve more complex optimization problems and complicated engineering applications, this paper proposes a new people duality psychological tendency and feedback mechanism-based Inherited Optimization Algorithm(IOA), which is inspired by people showing positive-negative duality cognitive tendency and adaptive feedback behavior when selecting information resources with different identity attributes. The IOA algorithm contains the symmetric two exploration phases. The exploitation phase adaptively regulates the dualistic psychological balance of people in inheriting the information resources with better existence value through a feedback regulation mechanism controlled by the profitability awareness to increase population diversity. This paper qualitatively and quantitatively evaluates the optimization performance of IOA on 84 benchmarks, including swarm convergence behavior, effectiveness, convergence, robustness, and significance. The scalability of the IOA is investigated using the CEC2017 suites. The algorithm performance in solving constrained optimization is verified on 8 engineering problems. All statistical results of the IOA are compared with the most promising 12 metaheuristics, which shows that the absolute computational efficiency of IOA on four types of functions is 95%, 96.67%, 80.95%, and 76.92%, respectively, the average rank (rank sum ratio) of IOA is 1.08 (1.19%) among the 13 algorithms, ranking first. The Wilcoxon signed rank test results on the CEC2017 suites show that IOA contains 1437 significance indicators out of 1440 comparisons, with the proportion of significant differences 99.79%, which suggests the proposed IOA maintains efficient search efficiency.

Digital Transformation in Education: social well-being and adaptation strategies (on the example of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia))

Digitalization creates a new quality of life, new opportunities and new risks for society, prerequisites for a radical transformation of social systems, new challenges and a new digital inequality. And one of the key sectors of the social sphere, which is directly influenced by the introduction of digital technologies, is the field of education. This article presents the results of a sociological study "The Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) and big challenges: social well-being, mobility and adaptation strategies" conducted in 2021-2023 in Yakutia. Special attention is paid to the impact of digitalization of education and the introduction of distance learning formats on the social well-being of the region's population. The study captures the main contradictions that arose during the emergency transfer of the educational process to a remote form of work, local material shows the emerging social contradictions that are formed under the influence of objective differentiation between urban and rural territories. A mass sociological survey was conducted in five socio-economic zones of Yakutia: using a complex of field work: face-to-face, online survey, and a survey involving "public correspondents". The study used a multi-stage quota sample of respondents, the sample totaled 1,320 respondents. Among the most tangible consequences of the pandemic, respondents noted an increased level of stress, psychological tension, increased time spent on social networks and on the Internet in general, an increase in financial burden and expenses. Problems related to the implementation of remote work and study, 26.8% of respondents attributed to one of the most tangible consequences of the pandemic.The majority of respondents expressed satisfaction with the state, quality and accessibility of education, about half of the respondents are more or less dissatisfied with the quality of Internet connection in their place of residence. The main determinants of the digital divide between urban and rural areas and the growth of educational inequality are the uneven material and technical equipment and the introduction of digital educational resources, as well as the availability and quality of telecommunications services.

Last digit tendency: Lucky numbers and psychological rounding in mobile transactions

The distribution of digits in numbers obtained from different sources reveals interesting patterns. The well-known Benford’s law states that the first digits in many real-life numerical data sets have an asymmetric, logarithmic distribution in which small digits are more common; this asymmetry diminishes for subsequent digits, and the last digit tends to be uniformly distributed. In this paper, we investigate the digit distribution of numbers in a large mobile transaction data set with 835 million mobile transactions and payments made by approximately 460,000 users in more than 300 cities. Although the first digits of the numbers in these mobile transactions follow Benford’s law, the last digit has a strong tendency to be a lucky number or be influenced by psychological rounding. This lucky number tendency is more significant in transactions that are more strongly connected to social interactions, such as money sent as gifts or as “red envelopes” (a traditional method of gift-giving during Chinese holidays), and in transactions by individuals with potentially greater emotional needs, such as during COVID-19 outbreaks and natural disasters. This psychological rounding tendency is more common in online e-commerce payments, in-store purchases, and money transfers between individuals. These findings are key for understanding the last digit tendency and its psychological and emotional mechanisms, which could be used as an indicator of public sentiment or in methods of detecting fraudulent business activity.

The Intersectionality of Offensive Cybersecurity and Human Factors: A Position Paper

Abstract This position paper delves into the complex interplay between proactive cyber defense mechanisms and inherent human susceptibilities. The researchers posit that as cyber systems advance in technical robustness, malicious entities progressively exploit human psychological tendencies and behavioral inconsistencies to circumvent security measures. These exploitations are not merely opportunistic but are strategic, leveraging a profound comprehension of human cognitive biases to undermine security infrastructures. The researchers argue for broadening the intellectual horizon in this domain, underscoring the imperative for a multidisciplinary methodology that amalgamates the empirical acumen of psychology, sociology, and computer science. The article asserts that the fortification of cyber defenses is contingent upon the comprehensive integration of human vulnerability assessments within cybersecurity frameworks. This position paper calls for an augmentation of scholarly research at the nexus of offensive cybersecurity and human factors, formulating defense mechanisms centered around the human element and promulgating inclusive cybersecurity policies that harmonize human and technological considerations.

20세기 초 『예술 세계』의 미학논쟁

From the end of the 19th century to the 20th century, Russia experienced a period of caution. Russian culture of the 1890s and 1900s reflects the complexity and contradictions of an era filled with acute social conflict and political struggle. These conflicts and struggles gave new character and characteristics to the perception of society and art. However, the social and cultural life of the late 19th century contrasted markedly with previous periods in the spiritual sphere. During this period, there was a psychological tension quite different from that of the 1880s, and an expectation of a “great revolution.” This concept of “vigilance” and “transition” experienced by Russia spread among the intelligentsia in the field of art.&#x0D; In the early 20th century, Russia experienced a “Russian Renaissance.” Russia experienced a heyday of poetry and philosophy, and trends of intense religious inquiry and mysticism dominated the period. In literature, the sense of justice and simplicity of 19th century Russian literature has disappeared. The world view of left-wing intelligentsia was shaken. Aesthetic consciousness changed and art began to be given greater meaning. The “art world” reflects the “new art” and aesthetics of this period. Their biggest task was to liberate spiritual culture from social utilitarianism. For them, the previously suppressed aesthetic element was a stronger force than the ethical element. However, changing the world view and setting a new direction was not easy. In the field of art, controversy with the existing utilitarian and populist intelligentsia was an inevitable process. This debate became a space for “art world” groups to declare their programs and aesthetics. This paper seeks to examine the aesthetics of the “world of art” through the debates between Diaghilev and Stasov and Diaghilev and Repin, which were the most representative debates of the “world of art.”

THE EFFECT OF INFLUENCER IMITATION ON PURCHASE INTENTION MEDIATED BY SOCIAL COMPARISON AND FOMO AT FINE DINING RESTAURANTS IN JAKARTA

This study aims to examine and analyse the effect of influencers imitation on purchase intention mediated by social comparison and FoMO at fine dining restaurant in Jakarta. This research uses a quantitative descriptive research approach with a total of 150 respondents. The data analysis technique used is Partial Least Squares through Structural Equation Modeling. The results in this study show that there is a positive and significant relationship between the act of imitating influencers with social comparison and materialism. In addition, the influence of social comparison and FoMO can mediate the relationship between imitating influencers and purchase intention. This research aims to be able to contribute to the fine dining restaurant business, especially in utilising the psychological tendency to imitate influencers in society.

Quand le lieu de travail devient le lieu d’accueil d’un proche atteint de cancer : quelles interactions entre aidant, patient, soignants ?

Three clinical situations explored the interactions between patients treated for cancer in oncology, their family caregivers working as doctors or nurses in the same establishment or service, and the healthcare team providing the patient's care, as well as the repercussions of such a context on these three players. In each situation, the patient, the family caregiver and a member of the team were interviewed using a semi-directive interview guide. The 8 interviews were recorded and transcribed in full, then subjected to thematic content analysis. The tension between "wanting to stay in their place as a relative" and facilitating/accelerating the patient's medical journey was heightened when the patient is being cared for in the institution/service in which the family's caregiver works. The healthcare team reported additional psychological pressure, but few arrangements are made by the team to support the specific nature of these situations. Various factors, such as the severity of the illness, the closeness of the relationship between the caregiver and the patient, existence of a hierarchical link between the caregiver and the team, and the presence of the caregiver on the ward, seemed to potentiate the difficulties felt by the healthcare team and the individual suffering of the caregiver. These situations generated intra- and interpersonal psychological tensions for all concerned, each oscillating between their status as family caregiver and healthcare professional, or as colleague and healthcare professional. These situations have raised ethical and psychological questions for all involved, which need to be anticipated.

CONVENTION - A MECHANISM OF MECHANISM OF SPECIFICATIONS OF THE BRU-VAN KIEU IN ANCIENT TALES

The Bru-Van Kieu is an ethnic group with a psychological tendency to adapt to self-defense. This is evident in their folk tales. Establishing, observing, and defending conventions becomes a special spiritual obsession there. They not only reach agreements and agreements with people and communities but also with the natural world and the spirit world. The dreams that appear in the lives of the Bru-Van Kieu people have become the convention of compensation, which automatically becomes compensation for the shortcomings, disadvantages, injustices, and the salvation of the human condition. people is a sacred support for the fate of the people. Through many events and challenges, Bru-Van Kieu chose to adapt to maintain existence.

Effectiveness of prenatal yoga on pregnant women's anxiety and duration of labour

The birth process involves physical and psychological mechanisms. Anxiety creates physical and psychological tension, interfering with the birth process. The study aimed to analyze the effectiveness of Yoga on pregnant women's an’iety and labor duration. This study used an experimental design with a Randomized Controlled Trial (RCT) involving 60 pregnant women divided into two groups: Yoga and walking (30 participants each). The variables studied were pregnant women's anxiety and the duration of labor. The sampling technique was conducted using block randomization. Data were analyzed using the Independent T-test. The Yoga group attended 30-minute sessions twice weekly, while the walking group engaged in the same frequency and duration of walking until giving birth. Anxiety levels were measured using the Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HARS) before and one month after the intervention in both groups. The duration of labor was measured using partographs and medical records during delivery for both groups. Data were analyzed using the Shapiro-Wilk test and independent t-test. Pregnant women in both the Yoga and walking groups experienced reduced anxiety scores, with a decrease of 11.6%, and statistically significant p-values of &lt;0.05. The duration of labor was significantly shorter in the Yoga group (mean: 2.65 hours, SD: 1.01) compared to the walking group (mean: 4.01 hours, SD: 2.54), with a mean difference of 1.36 hours and a p-value of &lt;0.05. Prenatal Yoga in the third trimester reduces pregnant women's an’iety and shortens the duration of labor. It can be suggested as an alternative exercise for pregnant women to improve maternal health during pregnancy and childbirth.

Nurses' Work-Family Strategies during COVID-19 Lockdown and Their Association with Individual Health and Family Relations.

The COVID-19 lockdown forced people to stay at home and address their family duties more equally. However, since nurses themselves were involved in the closed-loop management in hospitals and unable to return home, there was also an increased likelihood of non-traditional work-family strategies emerging. To ascertain the extant and implications of this phenomenon, this cross-sectional study explores work-family management strategies among nurses during the COVID-19 lockdown and their association with nurses' individual health, family relationships, and job performance. Survey data were collected from 287 nurses who were involved in the closed-loop management in Shanghai hospitals from March to June 2022. Latent Class Analysis of seven categorical variables of nurses' work-family status (e.g., the division of childcare labor) produced a best-fit solution of five strategies (BLRT (p) < 0.001, LMR (p) = 0.79, AIC = 5611.34, BIC = 6302.39, SSA-BIC = 5703.65, Entropy = 0.938): (1) fully outsourcing to grandparents, (2) partially outsourcing to grandparents, with the husband filling in the gap, (3) the husband does it all, (4) egalitarian remote workers, and (5) a neo-traditional strategy. Nurses who applied the egalitarian strategy had less psychological distress and relationship tension and better performance than those who applied the neo-traditional strategy and performed most of the childcare. The "husband does it all" strategy and the outsourcing strategies seem to have double-edged effects, with better job performance and family relations but also more distress and fewer sleeping hours among nurses. Overall, with a view to future risk mitigation, policymakers and practitioners should be aware of the diversity of the work-family strategies among nurse families during the lockdown period, and their association with individual and family outcomes, and provide tailored support.

Rational Choice with Status Quo Bias

Status quo bias refers to the psychological tendency of people to maintain existing decisions without making changes. This paper aims to explore the influence of status quo bias on regular financial management and consumption decisions based on existing literature and data and provides relevant suggestions to reduce the impact of Status quo bias. The study focuses on the influence of status quo bias on personal regular financial behavior and consumption choices and analyzes the causes of status quo bias and countermeasures. The result shows that status quo bias affects regular financial management and consumption decisions. People are more likely to stay where they are and ignore better options or opportunities. In regular financial management, they may be reluctant to change investment plans, and in consumption decisions, they prefer to consume now and ignore long-term planning. To cope with the negative impact of status quo bias, the author proposes some coping strategies, such as setting goals and providing information, setting up automated savings plans and using visual tools.

Does Financial Stress Influence Students’ Campus Climate Perceptions and Sense of Belonging?

Studies of financial stress, college debt, campus climate, and sense of belonging have each been conducted to better understand student retention and persistence, but few studies have explored the relationship between these variables and student outcomes. Researchers have found that financial need has a negative effect on student's psychological experiences, while other studies have explored the impact of general stress in college on psychological constructs, such as campus climate. However, little evidence exists of a relationship between financial stress, student's climate and belonging perceptions, and retention. This study investigates financial-related stressors that may impact two psychological dispositions, feelings of belonging to the institution and how they perceive the campus climate. Findings demonstrate a negative relationship between financial stress and campus climate perceptions among Students of Color, possibly explaining lower retention rates among these students.

Nursing Care Challenges for Patients Suffering from COVID-19 from Nurses' Perspective in Iran: A Descriptive Qualitative Study.

Encountering the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, nurses face many challenges due to various strategies and resources that can compromise the quality of care. This study aimed to identify nursing care challenges for patients with COVID-19 from nurses' viewpoint in Iran. This descriptive qualitative study was conducted in one of the main admission centers in Isfahan to treat patients with COVID-19. Data were collected through semi-structured in-depth interviews with 19 nurses from April 2020 to June 2020. The recorded interviews were transcribed and then analyzed through inductive content analysis. The challenges of nursing care for patients infected with COVID-19 from the nurses' viewpoint were categorized into 11 subcategories and four main categories: work overload in disaster (lack of nurses with adequate clinical qualification and restrictions on the compliance of the infection control protocols), immersion in an ocean of psychological and social tensions (personal and family tensions, work environment tensions, perception of organizational injustice, and social stigma), quality of care in fragile condition (self-preservation rather than patient care and contradictory patient care standards), and disaster preparedness, response, and management (passive resource management, information system challenges, and lack of guideline-supported protocols). The findings of this study suggest that policymakers should actively participate in supporting nurses in the form of reducing physical and mental stress in pandemics such as COVID-19. Having the right perception of the challenges nurses face in such crises can contribute to providing patient safety, improving the quality of care, maintaining organizational resources, and properly managing the disaster.

THE ROLE OF RELIGIUSITY IN REDUCE EMPLOYEE'S WORK STRESS

Stress is a condition of psychological and biological tension that exists in employees due to the large amount of work pressure, the result of stress will affect the health, emotions, thought processes and work productivity of employees. Based on previous research, one of the efforts to reduce work stress is to increase employee religiosity. Religiosity is a complex integrity between religious knowledge, feelings and religious actions in a person. The purpose of this study was to determine the extent to which religiosity influences the work stress. Data collection methods in this study used the religiosity scale and work stress scale. The population of this study are employees of PT. Surya Argolika Reksa with a total sample of 50 people. The sampling technique uses saturated sampling technique. After the data is collected, the data is analyzed using technical product moment analysis. Based on the results of this study it was found that there was a negative relationship between religiosity and work stress with a value (r) of -.512 and a significant value of 0.000 (P &lt;0.01). The effective contribution of religiosity to employee work stress is 26.2%. This shows that the higher the religiosity values can reduce the work stress level of employee.

Risk Factors Affecting Health of Modern Specialists in Vocational and Psychological Training

The health of people in Ukraine has become particularly relevant in recent years, as Ukrainian society is exposed to unprecedented external threats, such as the war with Russia, that negatively affect plans, goals and quality of life, and the increases psychological tensions that lead to the deterioration of people's physical, mental and social health. This also applies eqully to participants in the educational environment.&#x0D; Today, in light of the military actions in Ukraine, it is necessary in higher educational institutions to address new and non-standard tasks challenge students’ health and their personal resources in the process of education.&#x0D; A complex combination of new and unpredictable challenges and risks resulting from challenges to the socio-political situation in the country such as the Covid pandemic, the war with Russia, and the growing presence of digital technologies in the educational space, actualizes the deployment of a series of studies about risk factors affecting students’ health.&#x0D; The purpose of this article is to study the particular risk factors affecting the health status of today’s students distinctive in order to help develop a better system of protective measures to prevent morbidity in the process of their education.&#x0D; The methodology in this article is based on the fundamental methodological principles of consistency and interdisciplinary approach and includes the use of a collection of general scientific (explanation, comparison, classification, generalization, systematization) and empirical (observation, conversation, description, analysis, experiment) methods. Based upon these, we have formulated a set of practical recommendations for providing appropriate conditions for maintaining students’ health in modern learning conditions.&#x0D; Within the framework of our study, the following results were achieved: the views of scientists on the definition of factors affecting the level of youth health were summarized; the risk factors influencing the health indicators of students are considered; the results of a study about the prevalence of diseases among students in a special medical group from the National Technical University "Kharkiv Polytechnic Institute" are given, the recommendations are formulated for the prevention of morbidity among students in higher educational institutions in the process of vocational training in war conditions.&#x0D; The conclusions allow us to state that in order to preserve the health of modern specialists in current conditions, it is necessary to identify the main groups of risk factors, understand the mechanisms of their action to a specialist and apply timely appropriate measures and techniques to prevent them, depending on the current situation.

Set of Factors Projected as Ontological Essence of Theoretical Construct: Statistical Reconstruction of Psychological Tendencies

Statistical reconstruction can be applied to psychological tendencies that project themselves as the ontological essence of a theoretical construct. This research featured the theoretical construct of individual cognitive education space. The research objective was to study the operational possibilities of statistical measurement of a theoretical phenomenon. The general scientific principles of systemic anthropological psychology served as the methodological basis of conceptual interpretation. The theoretical construct of individual cognitive education space was reconstructed through temporal, operational, cognitive, and metacognitive dimensions. The statistical methods included correlation analysis, principal component analysis, scree test, and Shapiro – Wilk test. They revealed three components of linear functions from theoretically identified and empirically measured temporal, operational, cognitive, and metacognitive characteristics. The component behind the interrelation of cognitive and metacognitive processes was identified empirically. It included six main metric elements, namely: temporal-cognitive strategies for solving problems of switching between tasks, dynamic components of positional strategies, motivational self-determination, design, forecasting, and structural components of constructive and conceptual levels. The study proved the empirical efficiency of statistical reconstruction applied to theoretical constructs and defined the psychological specifics of individual cognitive education space.

Defining health through a critical materialist political economy lens.

It has been recognized since antiquity that the organization of society and how it distributes resources are the primary determinants of health. Yet most definitions of health in the academic and practice literatures limit their focus to the individual's experience of health and functional abilities, neglecting the structures and processes of societies in which the individual is embedded. We draw upon developments in the critical health communication and critical materialist political economy of health literatures to provide a definition of health that directs attention to the role that economic and political systems play in either equitably or inequitably distributing the resources necessary for health. Since these distributions interact with the individual's unique biological and psychological dispositions and situations to produce health, it is important to identify their sources and means of making their distributions more equitable. Because it is through communication that humans interpret society, themselves, and others, a concise definition of health that draws attention to these societal features and their roles on a day-to-day basis in promoting or threatening health is essential.

Assessment of the effectiveness of a new neonatal screening algorithm for cystic fibrosis

Relevance All over the world, neonatal screening protocols are being improved in order to reduce the time of diagnosis, simplify the examination procedure, and reduce the number of false positive and false negative results of neonatal screening. In most European countries, the best neonatal screening algorithm is molecular genetic testing. Objective: Evaluate the effectiveness of the new cystic fibrosis screening protocol algorithm, which, in the first step, determines the immunoreactive trypsin (IRT) level from one dry spot and performs DNA diagnostics (36 most frequent mutations) in patients with increased IRT. Compare the economic costs of screening by two algorithms (existing and alternative). Materials and methods: two parallel algorithms were used for neonatal screening. Which was performed on 56,534 infants in the Moscow Region from March to November 2022. The current three-stage algorithm was used, which involves re-blood sampling from newborns at risk 3-4 weeks after the first blood sampling and a sweat test. In the new algorithm, newborns with an elevated IRT 1 level at the 1st week of life underwent a molecular genetic study (search for frequent mutations in the CFTR-36 variants gene, sequencing of individual locus of the CFTR gene for control purposes) in the same dry blood spot used for screening. Results: out of 56,534 test forms received, 607 (1.07%) newborns with a positive test for IRT were identified for neonatal screening in a laboratory from the Moscow region, of which 501 (82.5%) samples were selected, where the level of RTI1 exceeded the cut-off level (65 ng / ml), which were sent for molecular genetic research in order to search for pathogenic variants in the CFTR gene. 106 (17.5%) newborns did not complete the examination. Positive results of confirmatory diagnosis were obtained in 6 infants, which accounted for 0.01% of the number of children who underwent screening and 1.2% of the number of children with neonatal hypertrypsinogenemia. Conclusion: the positive effects of the new algorithm are to reduce psychological tension in families during examination by reducing the time of diagnosis, no need for repeated blood sampling on the 21st-28th day of life, reduction of the time of diagnosis, prevention of nutritional deficiencies in children during the first months of life and life-threatening complications. Reducing the number of children with incomplete testing for cystic fibrosis, economic benefit. The negative effects of the new algorithm are that it is possible to miss a patient with cystic fibrosis who does not have any of the common pathogenic variants in the CFTR gene.