Psychological Injury Research Articles

Significance of Compensatory Jurisprudence Under The Employees Compensation Act, 1923

The basic rights contained in the Constitution of India would be useless unless and until concrete means to ensure them were implemented. There can be no justice if there is no remedy (Ubi jus ibi remedium). The term “compensation” refers to making amendments for a loss. Crime is more than simply a breach of the law; it also causes harm to victims and their families, including economic loss, emotional distress, and bodily, psychological, or intellectual injury. Crime has a wide variety of consequences for victims and their families, ranging from major injuries to minor disruptions. The concept of victims’ compensation is a well-established legal principle that is implemented within the framework of traditional civil courts. The court’s adoption of compensatory jurisprudence, guided by the principles of human rights philosophy, serves as a positive indication of its commitment to safeguarding the fundamental rights to life and personal liberty for all individuals, even in situations when there is a lack of explicit Constitutional provisions or established legal precedents. There is evidence that some groups of victims of crime were reimbursed, either by the perpetrator, their relatives, or the sovereign, even in ancient times. The right to compensate is a relatively new addition to Indian Constitutional law. This notion just began to gain traction in India under Constitutional law in the late 1980s. This was an innovative notion devised by the Indian Judiciary to ensure justice. Compensation is often granted based on the claimant’s entitlement. Modern justice is more concerned with delivering assistance to victims than with the requirements of legal principles. The right to compensation for violations of basic rights comes from the rights that were infringed, which shall be further addressed in the research.

Co-creating holistic injury prevention training for youth handball: Development of an intervention targeting end-users at the individual, team, and organizational levels

BackgroundInterventions that are co-created with end-users, and that are informed by behavior change or implementation theories, support implementation in real world settings. However, injury prevention programs for youth athletes have typically been developed by experts with no, or insufficiently described, end-user involvement and without guidance by theories. The aim of the current study was to describe the development of a holistic injury prevention intervention for youth handball targeting end-users at different levels, through using knowledge from end-users and researchers/experts and applying relevant behavior change and implementation theories.MethodsKnowledge from researchers/experts (sports medicine, sport psychology, handball, physical therapy, strength and conditioning (n = 14)) and end-users (coaches, players, club administrators, n = 16), and applying relevant implementation (Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research, CFIR), behavior change (Health Action Process Approach, HAPA) and motivational (Self-Determination Theory, SDT) theories, were used to co-design the intervention. Early end-users (coaches (n = 6), players (n = 3) and a club administrator (n = 1)) were interviewed for initial feedback.ResultsThe intervention consisted of end-user-targeted information and training that was made available in a specifically developed interactive mobile application with modules for players, coaches, club administrators, and caregivers. Information for all end-users included benefits and principles of physical and psychological injury prevention training, load-management, motivation, and communication. Information about implementation was developed for club administrators specifically. For coaches, training to do with their teams included handball-specific injury prevention exercises (legs, shoulders, core) combined with psychological aspects (motivation, task focus, body awareness) to integrate within warm-up and handball skills training. Training for players included handball-specific multi-joint strength, power, and explosive exercises (legs, shoulders, core) and sport psychology exercises (self-awareness, relaxation, being in the present moment, prevent and handle stress). To support self-management, adoption, and motivation, programs were provided, and players and coaches could change, add, progress the difficulty of exercises, and build their own programs. Initial feedback from early end-users was generally positive.ConclusionsUtilizing an approach where researchers/experts and end-users co-created injury prevention training specifically for youth handball, an intervention was generated that included information and holistic training targeting end-users at the individual (players, caregivers), team (coaches), and organizational (club administrators) levels.

A qualitative system review: To lead public policy advancement for workplace psychological violence injury

This article presents a qualitative system analysis informing public policy advancement for workplace psychological violence injury. It is a unique look into how a jurisdiction responds to the injury caused by workplace psychological violence (workplace bullying, harassment, and discrimination campaigns). First ever provincial legislation addressing this harm was passed into law. This study found that the legislation has yet to be implemented into the medical response systems dealing with this workplace injury. Severe hardships and consequences are experienced by workers in attempting recovery. Some never get there. The Canadian Institute for Workplace Bullying Resources, a specialist with this injury, received this study's recommendations for system change to assist in closing gaps and reduce the harm experienced by workers in Alberta, Canada. This study found some causal factors to these system barriers to be common globally. Methods to map and lead advocacy system change through qualitative research for this workplace violence and caused injury are provided herein. This is a call to researchers and professionals globally who deal with both workplace psychological violence and injury, to use and build on this study's methods, tools, and outcomes to lead further needed system change.

Touching the unconscious in the unconscious - hypnotic communication with unconscious patients.

If hypnosis means contact to the unconscious to modulate psychological and physiological functions by means of suggestions, and if this is facilitated by attenuation of the critical mind, then the question arises as to whether suggestions also have an effect when waking consciousness is otherwise eliminated, namely by coma or anesthesia. A prerequisite would be perception, which actually is evidenced by reports of patients after traumatic brain injury, artificial coma, resuscitation or general anesthesia. Moreover, posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) frequently observed after these medical situations is hardly explainable without some sort of awareness under such conditions. Even advanced neurophysiological diagnostic cannot yet rule out consciousness or sensory processing. Especially reference to perception during unconsciousness is given by the results of a recent multicenter study on the effects of hypnotic communication with patients under controlled adequate deep general anesthesia. The observed reductions in incidence and severity of postoperative pain, opioid use, nausea and vomiting cannot be explained by the reaction of a few but only by a considerable proportion of patients. This leads to a strong plea for a more careful treatment of unconscious patients in the emergency room, operating theater or intensive care unit, for the abandonment of the restriction of therapeutic communication to awake patients, and for new aspects of communication and hypnosis research. Obviously, loss of consciousness does not protect against psychological injury, and continuation of communication is needed. But how and what to talk to unconscious patients? Generally addressing the unconscious mind with suggestions that generally exert their effects unconsciously, hypnotic communication appears to be the adequate language. Especially addressing meaningful topics, as derived from the basic psychological needs and known stressors, appears essential. With respect to negative effects by negative or missing communication or to the proposed protective and supporting effects of therapeutic communication with patients clinically rated as unconscious, the role of consciousness is secondary. For the effects of perceived signals and suggestions it does not matter whether consciousness is absent, or partial, or unrecognized present.

The impact of vaccine hesitancy on psychological impairment among healthcare workers in a Total Worker Health© approach.

Vaccination practice is a well-known individual protective measure for biological risk in healthcare. During the COVID-19 pandemic vaccine hesitancy has grown among healthcare workers (HCWs). The study aims to investigate how vaccine hesitancy influences the psychological burden experienced by healthcare workers. This study aimed to explore attitudes of HCWs in acceptance or refusal of vaccinations related to the risk of psychological impairment (PI) and describe the associated occupational factors, during the seasonal flu/COVID-19 vaccination campaign of 2022-2023. 302 HCWs were enrolled in the study. A questionnaire was self-administered, including two scales on the risk of psychological impairment (Psychological Injury Risk Indicator, PIRI) and vaccine hesitancy (Adult Vaccine Hesitancy Scale, AVHS). PIRI scores revealed that 29.8% of participants were at risk of PI. Differences in sex, age, occupational seniority, professional category, and night shifts were found between HCWs at risk of PI and those not at risk. Females registered a four-fold higher risk than males (85.6% vs. 14.4%, χ2 = 4.450, p < 0.05). Nurses were the highest risk category, followed by physicians and technicians (54.4% vs. 30.0% vs. 12.2%, χ2 = 14.463, p < 0.001). 41.7% of participants received the flu vaccination, and 98.9% received the COVID-19 vaccine. HCWs were prone to being vaccinated to protect patients and family members. Conversely, vaccine refusal was attributed to the perception of flu vaccines as not beneficial and COVID-19 contagion at low risk. The latter was more frequently reported for HCWs at risk of PI (16.7% vs. 4.7%, χ2 = 11.882, p = 0.001). Finally, hesitant HCWs were at higher risk of psychological impairment than others. HCWs expressed vaccine acceptance considering their social role in the community as protectors. However, the underestimation of the risk of severity of COVID-19 was more relevant among HCWs at risk of PI than others. Psychological aspects need to be considered by healthcare providers when fighting vaccine hesitancy.

Occupational Therapy and Public Safety Personnel: Return to Work Practices and Experiences.

Background. Public safety personnel (PSP) are frequently exposed to psychological trauma through their work. Evidence shows that worker's compensation claims for work-related psychological injuries are on the rise for PSP. Occupational therapists increasingly provide return to work (RTW) services for this population. Purpose. To explore the therapeutic practices and personal experiences of occupational therapists working with PSP who have work-related psychological injuries. Method. This mixed methods descriptive study included a chart review of available occupational therapy client records from 2016 to 2020 for PSP with work-related psychological injuries from two Ontario companies. Additionally, a web-based self-report survey for Ontario occupational therapists providing RTW services to this same population was available from November 1, 2021 to June 1, 2022. Findings. The chart review included 31 client records and the online survey was completed by 49 Ontario occupational therapists. Therapists commonly provided services in clients' homes, workplaces, and communities, and focused on functional activities. The evidence base drawn on by therapists was not always occupation-based. Barriers to RTW included challenges with interprofessional collaboration, stigma, and the COVID-19 pandemic. Implications. Occupational therapists are commonly working with PSP with work-related psychological injuries and have the opportunity to contribute to the evidence base for occupational approaches to RTW.

Time off work following psychological injury among health and social care workers: a population-based retrospective cohort study in New South Wales, Australia

ObjectiveThis study aimed to determine the disability duration and burden of compensated time loss in the health and social care (HSC) sector following psychological injury.MethodsA retrospective cohort study was conducted...

Acute stress-induced disorders in general practice

Stress defines a cluster of psychophysiological responses aimed at enabling resources to solve difficult situations, as well as restoring and maintaining homeostasis in the body. Stress is a combination of physiological, neuroendocrine, behavioural and emotional responses to new or threatening stimuli and serves as a protective adaptation of the body under physiological conditions. In accordance with the effect on the body, beneficial and negative stress is distinguished. Stress can be divided into “chronic” and “acute”. The intensity of the physiological response to a stressor is highly individual and situationally dependent. Many variables, including personal attributes, coping strategies, social support, and past experiences may modify the physiological stress response in any given situation and can account for the different response of people exposed to the same stressor. Intense and persistent stress can lead to psychological and pathological body injury. Stress has a significant impact on different brain regions, including the hippocampus, hypothalamus, amygdala etc. Depression, anxiety, cognitive deficits, and even stress-induced mental diseases are closely related to functional and structural damage of the related brain regions. Repetitive daily acute stress can be associated with different diseases, first of all cardiovascular diseases, which affect quality of life and can cut short life expectancy. Timely treatment is required to prevent progression of early stress reactions to chronic post-traumatic stress disorder, especially in individuals at high risk. Advanced stress and anxiety management interventions include non-pharmacological and pharmacological treatments.

The effects of masculine honor beliefs and beliefs in mental health stigma on honoring and supporting physical versus psychological injury in the military.

The effects of masculine honor beliefs and beliefs in mental health stigma on honoring and supporting physical versus psychological injury in the military.

Evaluation of a Virtual Reality Platform to Train Stress Management Skills for a Defense Workforce: Multisite, Mixed Methods Feasibility Study.

Psychological stress-related injuries within first-responder organizations have created a need for the implementation of effective stress management training. Most stress management training solutions have limitations associated with scaled adoption within the workforce. For instance, those that are effective in civilian populations often do not align with the human performance culture embedded within first-responder organizations. Programs involving expert-led instructions that are high in quality are often expensive. This study sought to evaluate a tailored stress management training platform within the existing training schedule of the Australian Defense Force (ADF). The platform, known as Performance Edge (PE), is a novel virtual reality (VR) and biofeedback-enabled stress management skills training platform. Focusing on practical training of well-established skills and strategies, the platform was designed to take advantage of VR technology to generate an immersive and private training environment. This study aimed to assess the feasibility of delivering the VR platform within the existing group-based training context and intended training population. In this setting, the study further aimed to collect data on critical predictors of user acceptance and technology adoption in education, including perceived usability, usefulness, and engagement, while also assessing training impacts. This study used a mixed methods, multisite approach to collect observational, self-reported, and biometric data from both training staff and trainers within a real-world "on-base" training context in the ADF. Validated scales include the Presence Questionnaire and User Engagement Scale for perceived usefulness, usability, and engagement, as well as the State Mindfulness Scale and Relaxation Inventory, to gain insights into immediate training impacts for specific training modules. Additional surveys were specifically developed to assess implementation feedback, intention to use skills, and perceived training impact and value. PE training was delivered to 189 ADF trainees over 372 training sessions. The platform was easy to use at an individual level and was feasible to deliver in a classroom setting. Trainee feedback consistently showed high levels of engagement and a sense of presence with the training content and environment. PE is overall perceived as an effective and useful training tool. Self-report and objective indices confirmed knowledge improvement, increased skill confidence, and increased competency after training. Specific training elements resulted in increased state mindfulness, increased physical relaxation, and reduced breathing rate. The ability to practice cognitive strategies in a diverse, private, and immersive training environment while in a group setting was highlighted as particularly valuable. This study found the VR-based platform (PE) to be a feasible stress management training solution for group-based training delivery in a defense population. Furthermore, the intended end users, both trainers and trainees, perceive the platform to be usable, useful, engaging, and effective for training, suggesting end-user acceptance and potential for technology adoption.

Prevalence and Causes of Occupational Hazards and their Association with Safety Climate among Nurses in Gorgan Educational and Therapeutic Hospitals in Gorgan

Background and Objective: Occupational hazards among nurses are very high, resulting in increased absenteeism from work, more doctor visits, reduced service delivery, and work disability. A poor safety climate may be one of the causes of workplace injuries. This study was conducted to determine the prevalence and causes of occupational accidents, as well as the existing safety climate, in Gorgan teaching hospitals from the nurses' perspective. Materials and Methods: It was a cross-sectional study conducted in teaching hospitals in Gorgan, Iran. In total, 267 nurses participated in the study, who were selected by stratified random sampling. Data were collected using valid and reliable questionnaires on the frequency of occupational hazards, causes of occupational hazards, and safety climate, and then analyzed using the Spearman correlation coefficient, as well as the Mann-Whitney U test and the Kruskal-wallis test. Results: Regarding physical injuries, 94% of nurses had suffered from musculoskeletal disorders. In addition, 90.3% reported being threatened or verbally and physically assaulted by the patient and attendants. The heavy workload of nurses was the most important and frequent cause of occupational injuries in the nurses’ workplace (61%). The average rating of the existing safety climate was 3.10±0.6, and the safety climate was moderate (3.10±0.6). Occupational hazards were negatively and weakly, yet significantly, correlated with the overall rating of the safety climate and all its dimensions (P-value&lt;0.05), indicating that as occupational hazards increase, the safety climate and all its dimensions decrease. Conclusion: A high percentage of nurses reported work-related physical and psychological injuries, and the safety climate among them was relatively moderate. To reduce the number of physical injuries, nurse leaders need to address injury prevention methods to manage this problem. To improve the safety situation, in addition to corrective control measures, training on safety issues and the regulation of rest hours should be conducted in hospital departments for all employees.

Worker's compensation usage and return to work outcomes for Ontario public safety personnel with mental stress injury claims: 2017–2021

This study explored approved worker's compensation claims made by public safety personnel (PSP) with work-related psychological injuries to the Workplace Safety and Insurance Board (WSIB) of Ontario's Mental Stress Injury Program (MSIP) between 2017 and 2021. This worker's compensation program provides access to health care coverage, loss of earnings benefits, and return to work support services for psychologically injured workers. In 2016, the Government of Ontario amended legislation to presume that, for this population, posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is work-related, potentially expanding access to the program. The aim of this study was to understand the volume and types of claims, return to work rates, and differences between PSP career categories in the first 5 years after the legislative change. Using a quantitative descriptive approach, statistical analysis revealed that claims increased over the 5-year period, with significantly more claims made in 2021 (n = 1,420) compared to 2017 (n = 1,050). Of the 6,674 approved claims, 33.5% were made by police, 28.4% by paramedics, 21.6% by correctional workers, 9.4% by firefighters, and 7.1% by communicators. Analysis of claim type revealed that police, firefighters, and communicators made more cumulative incident claims, while paramedics made more single incident claims. Differences were also observed in return to work rates, with fewer police officers, firefighters, and communicators assigned to a return to work program, and more paramedics successfully completing a return to work program. This study sheds light on differences among PSP in their WSIB Ontario MSIP claims and underscores the importance of continued research to develop a more robust understanding of these differences, to inform policy development for both employers and worker's compensation organizations.

Increase in Trauma Leading to Psychological Injury Among Canadian Homelessness Services Workers During the COVID-19 Pandemic.

This study examined the traumatic psychological impact of the pandemic on frontline workers in homelessness services. Staff from homelessness serving organizations completed pre- and mid-COVID pandemic surveys measuring traumatic stress symptoms (PTSS), burnout, and job-related traumatic experiences. The mid-pandemic survey was expanded to seven Canadian cities to determine prevalence of workplace PTSS nationally. In the comparison group, baseline rates of PTSS (41%) rose to 47.3% ( n = 164), while 75% reported low-moderate levels of burnout both times. Nationwide, PYSS was 51% ( n = 574). Case managers working at remotely had greater levels of PTSS. COVID-19 exacerbated risk of psychological workplace injury from traumatic stress; however, burnout did not increase significantly, indicating the primary dynamic as anxiety and emotional exhaustion associated with ubiquitous trauma induced by COVID-19. Working remotely increased the hazards of psychological workplace injury.

Identifying the Key Elements of Psychologically Safe Workplaces in Healthcare Settings.

Psychological safety is a key concern in the workplace as organisations continue to see increases in psychological injuries that have significant ramifications on individuals and workplaces. The COVID-19 pandemic has exacerbated this issue in healthcare workforces facing extraordinary pressures. This preliminary study aims to enhance our understanding of the factors that healthcare workers value in relation to psychological safety in their respective healthcare settings. To achieve the research objective, qualitative self-reflection examples were conducted with 12 participants from various health professional backgrounds across public, private, and aged-care settings. The data obtained were thematically analysed using NVivo software (V 12), enabling the identification of key elements associated with psychologically safe workplaces. The results revealed several significant elements that contribute to psychologically safe workplaces in healthcare settings. These elements include effective communication, organisational culture, leadership practices, performance feedback mechanisms, respect among colleagues, staff development opportunities, teamwork, and trust. The findings underscore the critical importance of these foundational elements in fostering psychological safety within healthcare. This study contributes to the existing body of knowledge by specifically identifying the key elements that healthcare workers value in terms of psychological safety. By exploring a wide range of healthcare professionals' perspectives, this research offers valuable insights into the unique challenges faced by healthcare workforces and the necessary conditions for fostering psychological safety. The implications of these findings are discussed in relation to the lessons they provide for healthcare employers, highlighting the potential for improving workplace wellbeing and performance.

Sexual workplace violence in the health sector in Saudi Arabia: a cross sectional study

BackgroundSexual workplace violence occurs worldwide with increasing prevalence, causing psychological and physical injuries. However, only few reports from the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia have investigated the most involved health specialty and its association with other factors, such as working and sociodemographic conditions. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of workplace sexual violence over 12 months, from May 2018 to May 2019, circumstances related to the event, and consequences for the perpetrator and survivor and to identify associated factors among all healthcare workers (HCWs) in Saudi Arabia.MethodsThis cross-sectional study included all HCWs registered with the Saudi Commission for Health Specialties who worked for > 1 year in the health sector (government or private) in Saudi Arabia until May 2019. A non-probability convenient sampling technique was used. A modified self-administered questionnaire sent via email was utilized to assess workplace violence. Descriptive statistics were used to report percentages and frequencies, while advanced statistics, such as bivariate analysis, were used to determine associations. Multivariate logistic binary regression analysis was used to assess the combined and individual associations between relevant predictors of exposure of HCWs to recent sexual violence at the workplace.ResultsIn total, 7,398 (male, 51.3%; female, 48.7%) HCWs were electively enrolled in the study (mean age 40 ± 8.62 years). Most were non-Saudi (60%). Overall, 3.9% were sexual violence survivors. Approximately 60.7%, 51.4%, 48.3%, and 65.9% of female workers, nurses, Saudi natives, and night shift workers (18:00 to 07:00), respectively, were significantly exposed to sexual violence. Furthermore, approximately 54.8% of those with direct physical contact with patients had a higher rate of exposure to sexual harassment (p = 0.001).ConclusionsThe prevalence of sexual violence is low but remains a risk to HCWs, especially those working night shifts and having direct physical contact with patients. Thus, more support, specific strategies, and policies are needed to reduce the rate of occurrence, protect HCWs, and prevent such events. The underreporting of cases may be skewing the magnitude of the problem; thus, more education and additional research in Saudi Arabia are needed regarding sexual violence experienced by HCWs.

The ecological validity of the IOP-29: A follow-up study using the MMPI-2-RF and the SIMS as criterion variables.

Current guidelines for conducting symptom validity assessments require that professionals administer multiple symptom validity tests (SVTs) and that the SVTs selected for their evaluations provide nonredundant information. However, not many SVTs are currently available, and most of them rely on the same, (in)frequency-based, feigning detection strategy. In this context, the Inventory of Problems (IOP-29) could be a valuable addition to the assessor's toolbox because of its brevity (29 items) and its different approach to assessing the credibility of presented symptoms. As its ecological validity has been poorly investigated, the present study used a criterion groups design to examine the classification accuracy of the IOP-29 in a data set of 174 court-ordered psychological evaluations focused on psychological injury. The validity scales of the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2 Restructured Form and the total score of the Structured Inventory of Malingered Symptoms were used as criterion variables. Overall, the results of this study confirm that the IOP-29 is an effective measure (1.70 ≤ d ≤ 2.67) that provides valuable information when added to the multimethod assessment of symptom validity in civil forensic contexts. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).

The correlation between theatrical artistic expression and employees’ resistance to PTSD

BackgroundDrama art, as a diverse art form, provides practitioners with a unique way of self-expression through role-playing, situational simulation, and emotional expression. Personnel engaged in theatrical performances often experience psychological injuries due to uncontrollable factors such as insufficient rehearsals, which can develop Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). Based on this background, this study aims to analyze the correlation between the two.Subjects and MethodsThis study used both qualitative and quantitative methods. Through in-depth interviews, questionnaire surveys, and psychological tests, 300 theatrical art practitioners were selected for a 12-month follow-up study. Evaluate the patient’s status using the Post Traumatic Stress Disorder Self-Rating Scale (PTSD-SS). During the experiment, SPSS 24.0 was used for statistical data analysis.Results The study found that compared to practitioners who are less involved in theatrical expression, practitioners who frequently participate in theatrical art expression have a lower proportion of PTSD after experiencing traumatic events. In addition, practitioners who delve into theatrical role-playing and emotional expression have more positive and healthy emotional regulation abilities and strategies for coping with trauma.ConclusionsThe expression of theatrical art provides practitioners with a powerful psychological adjustment tool, which helps them confront and prevent post-traumatic psychological disorders. This provides a new approach to treatment and intervention in the mental health field and brings new value and significance to drama art education and practice.

Evaluación pericial psicológico-forense del trastorno por estrés postraumático complejo en víctimas de violencia de género

Given the inclusion of the Complex Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (C-PTSD) in the International Classification of Diseases 11th edition, this article analyses the C-PTSD as a possible new diagnosis in women victims of gender-based violence to explain a wide range of symptoms resulting from interpersonal, persistent, continuous, severe and uncontrollable traumas that may occur in this context. Thus, it describes the psychological impact and the psychopathological consequences it produces on the victims, which are most serious when the violence suffered has occurred repeatedly and over time. In addition, it delves into the differential diagnosis of C-PTSD with other psychopathologies. Finally, a protocol for forensic psychological assessment is proposed based on C-PTSD as a clinical disorder, which explains the serious psychological impact on the evaluation of women victims of gender-based violence, considering this disorder as an alternative diagnostic hypothesis in the forensic psychological assessment of the psychological injury.

Guilt and Shame As a Result of Violating Beliefs: “Moral Injury”

This study on moral injury, which has a content as old as the history of humanity, is believed to contribute significantly to the relevant literature. Despite the limited number of sources in the literature on the subject, which are mostly related to veterans with war experience or limited to the field of religious psychology, this study is expected to fill the gap and provide valuable insights. The study attempted to clarify the distinction between moral injury, which involves a psychological injury caused by a dilemma, and post-traumatic stress disorder, which shares similar features with moral injury and arises after experiencing a traumatic event. As part of this study, psychotherapy approaches within the scope of interventions for the symptoms of moral injury were also included and the issue was tried to be addressed from a mental health perspective. In this context, “mindfulness-oriented meditation”, “self- compassion”, “spiritually-oriented counseling”, and “work focused on forgiving oneself and others”, whose effectiveness has been tested, are included. The issue of moral injury was addressed with psychology- spirituality dimensions; the scope of the study was further expanded with intervention-treatment titles. This study summarizes moral injury’s conceptual framework and focuses on interventions and treatment approaches. As a result, the concept of moral injury was addressed holistically and contributed to the conceptual framework.

Living Conditions of Internally Displaced Persons in the Ciscarpathian Region in Context of the Russian War against Ukraine

The article is devoted to the difficult material, housing and everyday situation of internally displaced persons in one of the territorial communities in the Ciscarpathian region. One of the centers of the territorial community of Ivano-Frankivsk region at the beginning of the Russian open armed aggression managed to accept a significant number of refugees from the war on its territory, who were placed in various community owned institutions (so-called collective centers), religious organizations, and local medical institutions. Along with them, shelters of private and municipal ownership appeared on the territory of the community, where their strict rules of stay were in effect, but where people have found a small share of private comfort in the conditions of life’s wanderings. Many problems appeared over time with the arrangement of the living space of forced resettlers in this community centers for the acceptance of such people due to their individual needs, the organization of collective everyday life and the satisfaction of their social and natural rights. As a result, significant misunderstandings later emerged within the immigrant community, which caused suffering for some individuals in this group. This sowed considerable uncertainty about the future of these families, where they will find themselves tomorrow, because their own home, although it survived, became a traumatic page in their lives. Being around the elderly, it was very common to hear anxious questions filled with fear and doubt: ‘Won’t they relocate us from here?’. In general, arranging the personal space of forced resettlers, including people with special needs (persons with physical disabilities, people with psychological injuries and deviations, elderly persons) in the conditions of the ongoing Russia’s war against Ukraine, is a great challenge both for local authorities and relevant social services, and for public and volunteer organizations.