Psychological Effects Of Unemployment Research Articles

Psychological effects of unemployment: A prospective study on cognitive control, emotion regulation, and distress

BackgroundImportant individual differences exist in how people respond to major stressors. Despite the key roles attributed to emotion regulation and cognitive control in resilience and vulnerability to stress, relatively few studies have directly investigated these relationships upon confrontation with major stressors, such as unemployment. MethodsThe current preregistered study set out to prospectively test mediational hypotheses, in which baseline cognitive control (assessed by performance on a cognitive task) and self-reported effortful control predict emotion regulation (follow-up 1), in turn predicting internalizing symptomatology or resilience (follow-up 2). Data of 84 people confronted with unemployment were analyzed using path models: one based on primary outcome measures (repetitive negative thinking and symptoms of depression, anxiety and stress) and one based on secondary questionnaire outcome measures (positive thinking style and resilience). ResultsThe results show that effortful control and cognitive control are relevant distal factors to consider when investigating emotional symptoms in the unemployed. LimitationsThis study has sample modest in size, so it's important to interpret the results cautiously. ConclusionThe current study shows how cognitive factors and emotion regulation can contribute to emotional distress and resilience when facing unemployment.

GENERAL CONCEPTUAL APPROACH TO UNEMPLOYMENT

Unemployment is among the global problems of the modern era. Unemployment is a problem that even healthy economies face, and it is a medical phenomenon. The article contains information about unemployment and theories related to it, including types of unemployment, unemployment rate measurement methodology, Phillips curve. In addition, the state regulation and economic and psychological effects of unemployment in our republic were analyzed. Purpose: The goal is to analyze and compare the opinions of individual theorists with a conceptual approach to unemployment. Methodology – Economic-statistical and historical approach methods were used during the research. Findings: The results of the research – the effective methods used in the world experience in the field of labor market regulation are used in Azerbaijan. In addition to the positive aspects of the labor market regulation models that exist in the world, there are also negative aspects, and there is a need for state regulation in this area.

Hemşirelik Öğrencilerinin İş Umudu: Türkiye Örneği: Kesitsel Tanımlayıcı Çalışma

Objective: Today, unemployment has become an increasing problem. In general, the reason for attending university in our country, Türkiye, is the anxiety about getting a job. The authors' aim was to investigate undergraduate nursing students' employment hope levels and to determine the factors affecting employment hope. Material and Methods: In this study, the descriptive-survey research method was used. The sample of the study consisted of undergraduate nursing students who attended the nursing faculty of a public university in the 2018-2019 academic year. The Sociodemographic Characteristics Questionnaire, Employment Hope Scale and Beck Hopelessness Scale were used as data collection tools. Results: The sample group of the study consists of 645 students and the participation rate was 59.12%. In the study, 53.5% preferred nursing of their own free will, 82.5% wanted to improve themselves in the profession and to stay in the profession after they graduated, and 89.3% worried about finding a job. The analysis of the correlation between the variable choosing nursing by one's own preference and the employment hope levels revealed that, though statistically not significant, the variable positively correlated with the 'psychological empowerment' subscale (p=0.067), and significantly positively with the 'goal-oriented pathways' subscale (p<0.001). Conclusion: It is recommended to provide the participants with guidance services on the psychological effects of unemployment and methods to cope with these effects, and to gain them various perspectives to view nursing from different aspects by acquainting them with the fields they are to work in after graduation.

LABOUR MARKET AND PECULIARITIES OF INFORMAL EMPLOYMENT IN THE CONTEXT OF THE GLOBAL PANDEMIC

In terms of overcoming the socio-economic problems in Georgia, great importance is attached to efficient functioning of the labour market. It must ensure a radical change the sphere of social-labour relations, accordingly, efficient overcoming the chronic unemployment in the country and efficient employment of labour force. The results of the research confirms, that adequate labour market of normal market environment is still on the formation stage with serious problems and challenges which is developed in Georgia. In 1990s at the initial stage of formation the national labour market difficult economic situation which was in the country, give a push negative developments in the field of labour relations, among which before nowadays invincible challenge is the growing trend of informal employment. It can be said, that this one took on a large-scale character in the current period of financial and economic crisis caused by the global pandemic. In fact, the informal sector in Georgia has become an independent segment of the labour market, which has a significant impact on employment of the population, standard of living and on the overall process of economic development. Informal employment, as an important study socio-economic event and phenomenon, assess its level and scale, it can be said convincingly that it will not lose its relevance for many years. Negative consequences of informal employment, needs analysis and evaluation factors affecting the influx of economically active population into the informal sector of the labour market. Also its important discuss and evaluate the positive aspects of informal employment in the short term, which manifested in facilitation reasons socio-economic and psychological consequences of unemployment. In the work researched certain aspects of informal employment, analyzed its forms, faces, identified peculiarities of informal employment and rated its scale against the background of the global pandemic. Substantiated, that informal segment of the labour market requires depth research and evaluation. By the research identified the main factors for the growth and development of employment in the informal sector of economy in the Georgian labour market, from which we must distinguish: high levels and scale of poverty in the country, chronic unemployment and inefficient employment; insecurity social principle of justice in the field of employment; equal employment opportunities for job seekers; lack of proper conditions for equal realization of labour rights; population low availability on different types of labour market services and events, inadequate rates of economic development; reduced demand for labour, accordingly limited employment opportunities and prospects; low level and quality of development of vocational education system, which not fully focused on labour market demands, social protection of the unemployed, none of insurance mechanism; difficulties in training and retraining the unemployed; low level of remuneration; low level of stimulation, motivation and labour organization, underdevelopment of labour market infrastructure and its management information system, problems in the field of management and regulation of social-labour relations, which connected to the development of the legislative-normative base, lack of a complete mechanism for controlling the working conditions of employees and etc. The main results of the research are summarized in the concluding part of the work

P642 Effects of Covid-19 on employment in IBD patients

BackgroundThere is an ongoing concern over the impact of COVID-19 on IBD patients. A significant proportion of IBD patients are treated with immunosuppressive medications and their effects on COVID-19 susceptibility and outcomes remain of concern to patients and physicians alike. Apart from the clinical outcome, the pandemic may have other psychosocial effects on this vulnerable cohort such as employment stability.The primary aim of this study was to analyze the percentage of COVID-19 patients who tested themselves for COVID-19 and the outcome of those who tested positive. A secondary aim was to assess their employment status.MethodsThis was a multicentre international study whereby IBD patients (>18 years) in clinical remission over the last year, were asked to answer an anonymous questionnaire. Demographic data, type of IBD, current and previous medication, admissions to hospital, were collected.Exclusion criteria included patients with IBD flares requiring corticosteroids in the previous 12 months.Results573 patients (CD: 55.5%) from 8 European Centres and Israel participated in the study. The mean patient age was 39.9 years (SD+/- 13.0). 21.6% were current smokers and 48.5% were non-smokers. The rest were ex-smokers.44.5% (n=255 ) of patients were tested for Covid-19 and 5.1% (n=13) were positive. The majority were treated at home (92.3%) with only one patient requiring hospital admission. This was a 33 year old female smoker with UC (E3 disease activity) on anti-TNF therapy. 66.7% of positive cases were on anti-TNF medication and 22.2% were on thiopurines. None of the positive cases were on dual antiTNF/thiopurine therapy. 7.2% of patients had family members who also tested positive for Covid-19.Almost half of all patients (45.2%) had their job affected during the pandemic and this was more prevalent in the UC cohort (P<0.05). 70% of patients switched to remote work from home and 21.4% became unemployed. The average age of patients becoming unemployed was 39.3years (SD+/- 11.9). ConclusionNearly half of our cohort (45.2%) underwent testing and the majority (92.3%) were treated at home even though two thirds of them were on Anti-TNF medication. Unemployment rates affected 1 in 5 individuals and measures promoting remote work have been taken up wisely by IBD patients. Though the clinical outcomes were excellent, the psychological effects of unemployment have yet to be considered.

The Stress Responses of Unemployment in Tourism Industry of China

Due to the impacts of the COVID-19 outbreak, problems brought about by the resultant widespread unemployment have drawn great attention. The tourism industry is one of the bitter victims of this situation as, besides hardware facilities, the biggest asset of the tourism industry is its Human Resource. The major calamity for those who encounter a job loss is an unhealthy psychological state. This study examines the influence of unemployment on the psychological health of employees in the Tourism Industry of China after the COVID-19 outbreak. The findings of this study suggest that the unemployed not only suffers from the lingering adverse effects in economic and livelihood terms but also in terms of devastating physical and mental impact on their family and society. We adopt the stress theory to make a comparison in the intensity of stress due to unemployment in the presence and absence of mediators, namely financial status and marital status by Path analysis, aiming to provide inspirations for practitioners and policymakers. This study shows that the negative psychological effects of unemployment can be diluted if the original family is maintained in a stable and harmonious way as the over occupying job responsibilities and no job at all fosters the same potency of work-family conflict.

Labour market interventions to assist the unemployed in two townships in South Africa

Orientation: Given the absence of organised and accessible information on programmes relating to unemployment in South Africa, it may be difficult for beneficiaries to derive value from existing programmes; and for stakeholders to identify possible gaps in order to direct their initiatives accordingly.Research purpose: The purpose of this study was to conduct a review of existing employment initiatives within two low-income communities in South Africa, with the aim of identifying possible gaps in better addressing the needs of the unemployed.Motivation for the study: Unemployment in South Africa does not appear to be the result of a lack of initiatives or a lack of stakeholder involvement, but rather the result of haphazard implementation of interventions. In order to intervene more effectively, addressing the identified gaps, organising and better distribution of information for beneficiaries is suggested.Research approach, design and method: The data were collected via documentary research complemented with structured interviews. Relevant documents (N = 166) and participants (N = 610) were consulted during the data collection phase, using convenience and purposive sampling.Main findings: A total of 496 unemployment programmes were identified. Most of the interventions were implemented by the government. Vocational training followed by enterprise development and business skills training were the most implemented programmes. Less than 6% of programmes contained psychosocial aspects that are necessary to help the unemployed deal with the psychological consequences of unemployment. Finally, in general, benefactors involved in alleviating unemployment seem unaware of employment initiatives in their communities.Practical and managerial implications: The compilation of an inventory of employment programmes may be valuable, as it will assist in identifying the most prominent needs of the South African labour market.Contribution or value-add: This study contributes to scientific knowledge regarding the availability of existing unemployment programmes, projects and interventions, and the need for specific interventions.

Socio-Economic Problems Faced by Nyishi Tribal Youths Due to Unemployment in Arunachal Pradesh

For each and every society, region, state and state its population is important assets specially the youths. Nyishi tribal youths may be categorised as productive population or productive assets of a society. Unemployment is one of the dilemmas that have entangled the Nyishi tribal youths of Arunachal Pradesh, particularly the Nyishi tribal youths. Its negative impact on the development of an individual in particular and Nyishi society in general is undeniable. As the rate of unemployment towering high in the state, lack of business and managerial skills has crippled the Nyishi tribal youths from venturing into private businesses that could have encouraged self-employment. This study aims to identify the social and psychological effects of unemployment on the Nyishi tribal youths. It also examines the response of their families towards them and the consequent problems being faced by the unemployed Nyishi tribal youths. The area of the study was Nyapin Sub-division in Kurung Kumey district of Arunachal Pradesh, from where a sample of 55 respondents was selected by using purposive sampling technique. The study sheds light on diverse repercussions of unemployment on the individual and family level such as skill deterioration, reduced self-esteem, confidence and disturbance in familial life.

On the psychological consequences of unemployment in South-Africa

The objective of this study was to investigate the affective experiences, attitudes to work, and job application behaviour of unemployed people. A survey design was used and samples (N = 381) were drawn from unemployed people in the North West Province. The Experiences of Unemployment Questionnaire was administered. Regarding affective experiences, being unemployed was described as very unpleasant and it was associated with boredom, loneliness, uncertainty about the future, concerns about financial matters, emptiness and conflict. When it came to the participants’ attitudes to work, the results showed that almost 96 per cent of them regarded work as important, particularly because it provides meaning. Regarding job application behaviour, the results showed that most of the participants would like to find a job within the month, and they expected to do so. Almost 78 per cent of the participants were asking people for a job at least once a week or more often. Most of them asked friends and acquaintances for employment information, but unemployed people also reported that they looked out for advertisements. People with poor education had the most negative experiences of unemployment and saw work as more important than did those with better education.

Adolescent Preventive Health and Team-Games-Tournaments: Five Decades of Evidence for an Empirically Based Paradigm

The problematic behaviors of teenagers and the subsequent negative consequences are extensive and well documented: unwanted pregnancy, substance abuse, violent behavior, depression, and social and psychological consequences of unemployment. In this article, the authors review an approach that uses a cooperative learning, empirically based intervention that employs peers as teachers. This intervention of choice is Teams-Games-Tournaments (TGT), a paradigm backed by five decades of empirical support. The application of TGT in preventive health programs incorporates elements in common with other prevention programs that are based on a public health orientation and constitute the essential components of health education, that is, skills training and practice in applying skills. The TGT intervention supports the idea that children and adolescents from various socioeconomic classes, between the ages of 8 and 18 and in classrooms or groups ranging in size from 4 to 17 members, can work together for one another. TGT has been applied successfully in such diverse areas as adolescent development, sexuality education, psychoactive substance abuse education, anger control, coping with depression and suicide, nutrition, comprehensive employment preparation, and family intervention. This article reviews the extensive research on TGT using examples of successful projects in substance abuse, violence, and nutrition. Issues are raised that relate to the implementation of preventive health strategies for adolescents, including cognitive aspects, social and family networks, and intervention components.

Prekarisierung unserer Lebensverhältnisse

Economy and politics have created a situation in which unemployment, fear of redundancy, low-paid labour and poverty have become permanent features of German society. Research has shown that these social conditions either cause psychic disorder or exacerbate existing disorders. Negative social conditions have an effect on the structure of the psyche, identity formation and coping strategies. Psychoanalysis as a theory of intrapsychic conflict has seldom concerned itself with external stress factors. Thus it is that the influence of these external social factors on personality development and psychodynamic structure, as well as on the goals and outcome of psychotherapy, has not been the focus of psychoanalytic debate. On the basis of therapeutic experience with patients in a marginalized position in society and drawing on the results of empirical research on the psychological effects of unemployment, this paper summarizes the effects of negative social conditions on the psyche and identity formation and discusses some of the important consequences for psychotherapy.

Adolescent Preventive Health and Teams-Games-Tournaments

The problematic behaviors of teenagers and the subsequent negative consequences are extensive and well documented: unwanted pregnancy, substance abuse, violent behavior, depression, and social and psychological consequences of unemployment. In this article the authors review an approach that uses a cooperative learning, empirically-based intervention that employs peers as teachers. This intervention of choice is Teams-Games-Tournaments (TGT), a paradigm backed by four decades of empirical support. The application of TGT in preventive health programs incorporates elements in common with other prevention programs that are based on a public health orientation and comprise the essential components of health education, that is skills training and practice in applying skills. The Teams-Games-Tournaments intervention supports the idea that children and adolescents from various socioeconomic classes, between the ages of 8 to 18, in classrooms or groups ranging in size from 4 to 17 members, can work together effectively in cooperative instructional situations where group members serve as teachers for one another. Teams-Games-Tournaments has been applied successfully in such diverse areas as adolescent development, sexuality education, psychoactive substance use, anger control, coping with depression and suicide, nutrition, comprehensive employment preparation, and family intervention. This article reviews the extensive research on TGT using examples of successful projects in substance abuse and nutrition. Issues are raised that relate to the implementation of preventive health strategies for adolescents, including cognitive aspects, social and family networks, and intervention components.

Selection into long-term unemployment and its psychological consequences

The factors which predict a person’s long-term unemployment were studied within the framework of an emotional and behavioural regulation model consisting of two orthogonal dimensions: behavioural inhibition versus expression, and low versus high self-control of emotions (Pulkkinen, 1995, 1996). The participants were drawn from the ongoing Jyväskylä Longitudinal Study of Personality and Social Development, in which the same individuals have been followed up from age 8 ( n = 369) to 36 ( n = 311). In the present study, data collected at ages 8, 14, 27, and 36 were used. The findings showed that low self-control of emotions, especially aggression, at age 8 directly predicted long-term unemployment in adulthood, whereas behavioural inhibition (passive and anxious behaviour) predicted long-term unemployment indirectly (via poor educational attainment). Long-term unemployment in adulthood was related to an increased level of current psychological distress as measured by the presence of depressive symptoms and anxiety. Thus, the present study confirmed both the hypothesis concerning selection into unemployment, and the hypothesis concerning the psychological consequences of unemployment.

Differences in Psychosocial Experiences of Employed, Unemployed, and Student Samples of Young Adults

The author conducted this cross-sectional study to assess the extent to which employed, unemployed, and student samples of young adults could be differentiated on the basis of psychosocial experiences. Forty-four employed, 41 unemployed, and 42 student volunteers completed measures of emotional distress, time structure, financial strain, skill use, task variety, social support, and demographic information. After the effects of educational and income differences were statistically controlled, results indicated that unemployed participants reported poorer functioning than employed and student respondents on most measures. In a discriminant function analysis, 66% of the sample was correctly identified from scores on psychosocial measures, with higher classification rates for employed and unemployed participants. The findings provide additional support for contextual models of mental health and suggest that full-time education partially buffers the negative psychological consequences of unemployment when opportunities for employment are absent.

The impact of unemployment on the psychological well-being of British Asians.

This paper presents the results of a study of unemployment among British Asians living in the north of England. The sample comprises 139 employed and unemployed men. Using standardized psychological questionnaires with a semi-structured interview schedule, the psychological consequences of unemployment are examined in relation to other psychosocial variables. The results showed that the unemployed group had lower levels of psychological well-being, self-esteem, and employment commitment with high external beliefs, than the employed group. Length of unemployment was a significant determinant of psychological well-being and respondents with a longer period of unemployment had a lower level of psychological well-being than those who had been unemployed for a shorter period. The findings are examined in the context of existing empirical evidence, and the need to examine the psychological impact of unemployment among other British Asian groups is emphasized.

Social self-description and affective well-being in young unemployed people a comparative study

Abstract From the perspective of psychosocial stress, the period when young people are seeking their first job may be seen as a potential threat to self, which could activate sociocognitive and affective strategies for the maintenance or construction of a positive social identity. Our research has examined some of these strategies, highlighting social self-description as the product of comparison between self and social groups consisting of workers (relative deprivation) and unemployed people (self-enhancement). Our hypotheses are: (1) social self-description is a function of the quality of the social interactions of young unemployed people; and (2) the psychological consequences of unemployment (the severity of minor psychiatric disorders and the affective attitude towards the future) vary according to social self-description. These hypotheses were tested on two groups of young people in search of employment: 208 Italians (104 males and 104 females) aged between 17 and 19; 169 French (62 males and 107 fe...

A longitudinal study of the psychological effects of unemployment and unsatisfactory employment on young adults.

A longitudinal study of the psychological effects of unemployment and unsatisfactory employment on young adults.

Behavioral and psychological consequences of unemployment in blue-collar couples

The behavioral and psychological consequences of involuntary unemployment in blue-collar couples were investigated using Scanzoni's (1972) dynamic model of marital exchange. Thirty-one couples in which the husband had been laid off for at least 3 months were compared with 32 couples in which the husband was employed full time, in terms of exchange behaviors, psychological well-being, and marital satisfaction. As predicted, unemployed husbands reported lower psychological well-being and marital satisfaction, while their wives reported lower marital satisfaction. Unemployed husbands had not significantly altered their exchange behaviors, perhaps due in part to their traditional attitudes toward marital roles which continue to render the contemporary marital exchange relatively inflexible. Level of expressive behavior was by far the most powerful predictor of marital satisfaction for husbands and wives alike. Incongruity in attitudes toward marital roles between traditional husbands and modern wives may constitute both a preexisting source of dissatisfaction and a risk factor following unemployment. These results partially support Scanzoni's model but suggest that the negative consequences of unemployment in blue-collar couples appear first in the psychological as opposed to the behavioral domain.

Unemployment in Ireland: A Review of Psychological Research

In Western Europe, Ireland has emerged as one of the countries most severely affected by unemployment. In the United States and Great Britain, research has shown a significant correlation between higher unemployment rates and poorer psychological health. Joblessness is also associated with higher rates of psychiatric morbidity in Ireland. Working class populations suffer from longer periods of unemployment with more severe consequences for psychological health. Young Irish women are affected psychologically by unemployment. Some youth are particularily vulnerable to the powerful psychological consequences of unemployment. Anger and alienation can lead youth into drug and alcohol abuse, which increases the risk of crime involvement. Ireland’s high youth unemployment appears to have contributed to a spectacular increase in drug and crime problems. In Belfast, Northern Ireland, high unemployment adds to the frustrations embedded in the political conflict.

Psychological effects of unemployment: a selected overview.

Psychological effects of unemployment: a selected overview.