Psychological Personality Characteristics Research Articles

ПСИХОЛОГИЧЕСКИЕ ОСОБЕННОСТИ ЖИЗНЕННЫХ СТРАТЕГИЙ ЗАМЕЩАЮЩИХ СЕМЕЙ

This article presents a comparative analysis of the psychological personality characteristics of foster families and families without foster children. The article specifically focuses on foster family concept and consistently describes various forms of adopting children. While formulating the leading motives for adopting children and the main challenges of foster parents, the article also presents some methods of working with foster families in order to increase their willingness to adopt a child as well as facilitate mutual adaptation of parents and children. The concepts of life strategy, life satisfaction, and its fulfilment are also reviewed. The analysis in the article covers the structure of foster parents’ life strategies, including the vision of the future by the studied parental groups, the specifics of constructing a time perspective, a system of meaningful life orientations of the personality, and also establishes some psychological properties of the personality that determine the conscious life strategy construction. Special focus is placed on the differences in the development of the structural components of personality self-regulation, its reflection ability. The study uses the following psychodiagnostics techniques: questionnaire by V. Morosanova “The style of self-regulation of behavior-SSRB”, the test “Life satisfaction index A” (LSIA), adaptation by N. V. Panina, test «Life-meaning orientations» (methodology of LSS) D.А. Leontiev, estimation of five-year intervals (A. A. Kronik's method). The formulated conclusions allow to systemize the specifics of foster families in terms of their personal organization and can be used in consultative work with them.

IMPACT OF THE DIGITALIZATION PROCESS ON PSYCHOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF PERSONALITY

Over the past twenty years, a new stage and new conditions of development in humanity – digitalization emerged. Digitalization affects absolutely all spheres of life. The purpose of the study is to consider the impact of the digitalization process on psychological characteristics of personality.

Positioning Shifts From Told Self to Performative Self in Psychotherapy.

According to Positioning Theory, participants in narrative interaction can position themselves on a representational level concerning the autobiographical, told self, and a performative level concerning the interactive and emotional self of the tellers. The performative self is usually much harder to pin down, because it is a non-propositional, enacted self. In contrast to everyday interaction, psychotherapists regularly topicalize the performative self explicitly. In our paper, we study how therapists respond to clients' narratives by interpretations of the client's conduct, shifting from the autobiographical identity of the told self, which is the focus of the client's story, to the present performative self of the client. Drawing on video recordings from three psychodynamic therapies (tiefenpsychologisch fundierte Psychotherapie) with 25 sessions each, we will analyze in detail five extracts of therapists' shifts from the representational to the performative self. We highlight four findings:• Whereas, clients' narratives often serve to support identity claims in terms of personal psychological and moral characteristics, therapists rather tend to focus on clients' feelings, motives, current behavior, and ways of interacting.• In response to clients' stories, therapists first show empathy and confirm clients' accounts, before shifting to clients' performative self.• Therapists ground the shift to clients' performative self by references to clients' observable behavior.• Therapists do not simply expect affiliation with their views on clients' performative self. Rather, they use such shifts to promote the clients' self-exploration. Yet, if clients resist to explore their selves in more detail, therapists more explicitly ascribe motives and feelings that clients do not seem to be aware of. The shift in positioning levels thus seems to have a preparatory function for engendering therapeutic insights.

On determining factors affecting injury and recovery in athletes

The aim of the study is to develop a comprehensive model on the risk factors of injury/re-injury and factors affecting the recovery process.
 Material and methods. Systematic analysis and scientific generalization of the latest theoretical and analytical studies on the factors affecting risk of injury, assessment, prevention and recovery of injuries in athletes.
 Results. The conducted comprehensive analysis allowed to build a theoretical model on the injury-recovery cycle. The model includes 3 main groups of factors affecting the risk of injury, namely: internal, caused by physiological processes; external, caused by training conditions and equipment; fear, which is related to the personal psychological and emotional characteristics and external surroundings. At the same time, implementation of preventive measurements can reduce the risk of injuries. The model highlighted the positive impact of social support and interactions between a patient and a therapist in the process of injury recovery.
 Conclusions. In order to minimize the risk of injury and stimulate the recovery process in athletes the following recommendation should be taken in place: to promote the spreading of information on possible ways of injury prevention; to provide educational services for those who are involved in sports and other physical activities; to spread the information about the main types of injury and the treatment approaches to make athletes familiar with that, which can increase their competence and reduce the fear of injury; to encourage communication and interaction between teammates, with their trainers and coaches during the period of recovery to eliminate the level of isolation of injured athletes.

The relationship between the organization of the postural system and the psychological characteristics of person

Introduction. The arbitrary control of the human posture is an important physiological function of the body. The pose includes, in fact, an integrated set of biomechanical, neurophysiological and neuropsychiatric phenomena that affect each other and are mutually compensated at each point in time. Studying the postural balance of the body can give a huge amount of information about emotions and self-perception of personality.The goal of research — is to identify the psychological characteristics of the persons with the different types of postural organization, which determine the variability of behavior in different life situations and the peculiarities of interaction with the world.Materials and methods. The study was conducted on the basis of the Kamchatka State University Vitus Bering in 2017–2018. The study involved 75 respondents aged 20 to 32 years, including 40 men and 35 women. Study design: open, cohort, empirical. A visual analysis of the person′s static posture was carried out using the Barre vertical to determine their postural organization type. To determine the psychological personality characteristics the following methods were used: the «Coping strategy indicator» methodology to determine the prevailing coping strategy, the Plutchik–Kellerman–Conte questionnaire «Life Style Index» (LSI) to determine the leading defense mechanisms, and their general tension, a time perspective questionnaire F. Zimbardo (ZTPI) for determining the temporal orientation of a person, the Dembo–Rubinstein technique modified by A. M. Prikhozhan for studying self-esteem and emotional saturation of life. For each of the methods, scoring was carried out and, further, a statistical analysis. Differences were considered statistically significant at p<0,05.Results. The results of the study revealed the psychological characteristics of respondents with different types of postural organization. The respondents of the front type of postural organization group are characterized by a wider range of psychological defenses, a tendency to compensation and hypercompensation. Respondents with this type of body organization evaluate themselves as confident, happy and successful, through an assessment of their involvement in life. They assess their life as filled with events, but at the same time, the self-confidence indicator in this group is lower than in groups 2 and 3. It can be assumed that the respondents in this group tend to keep their lives under control and worry about achieving future goals, and it is indicated by lower, in comparison with groups 2 and 3, indicators of self-confidence. The respondents of the posterior type of postural organization are characterized by a smaller spectrum of psychological defenses, the predominance of compensation, and the emotional richness of life is important for them. The assessment of oneself as more selfconfident is characteristically. They also consider their life not eventful enough. Respondents with a harmonious type of postural organization are characterized by the variability of protective mechanisms, a balanced time perspective, cognitive fl exibility and attitude to difficulties as an opportunity to draw experience for personal growth and development. In addition, it is likely that the harmonious type of bodily organization is an indicator of the psychological harmony of the personality, which, first of all, is manifested in building relationships in the man—world system, through an adequate assessment of oneself.Conclusion. The study confirms the fact of the individual psychological characteristics relationship with the type of postural organization. Studying the postural balance of the body can provide significant information about self-perception of the personality and the type of psychological interaction with the world. In this regard, it seems promising to expand the spectrum of the personality psychological characteristics study in conjunction with bodily organization, its features with different somatic manifestations, as well as non-verbal communication phenomena.

Specificity of gastronomic code of Salvador Dali

The object of this research is the analysis of specificity of gustatory preference of Salvador Dali that allows reconstructing gastronomic code of the genius. The results of analysis demonstrate that Dalian gastronomic code is based on the principles of legitimacy, hierarchy and mysticism. Legitimacy is expressed in the precision of the shapes of ingredients and their compatibility, carefully following the recipe, prevalence of the dishes of Catalonian cuisine. Hierarchy of gastronomic practices in life of the genius was associated with his dietary regime and its quality, as well as knowledge of gastronomic preferences. The process of saturation and appearance of delicacies, erotic component of food underlines the mystical component of gastronomic culture of the genius. Overall, the gastronomic code of Salvador Dali demonstrates Cosmo-Psycho-Logos of the artist, structuring at the intersection of emotional and rational, material and spiritual components of gastronomic culture. The indicated problematic is viewed on the basis of culturological analysis of diary notes and recipe book of Salvador Dali, which help to determine the peculiarities of his gastronomic taste and reconstruct his gastronomic code. This article is first to reconstruct the gastronomic code of Salvador Dali and his key elements (legitimacy, hierarchy, and mysticism). The acquired results can be used in further research dedicated to studying personality and works of Salvador Dali, as well as in analysis of individual gastronomic codes that allow bringing more details into psychological characteristics of personality.

Influence of Consumer’s Long-term Orientation and Safety Consciousness on Intention to Repurchase Certified Functional Foods

ABSTRACT The functional food industry has been growing because consumers increasingly recognize the nutritional benefits of functional foods. This study investigated the effect of personal psychological characteristics (i.e., long-term orientation [LTO], safety consciousness, and health consciousness) on consumer attitudes and intention to repurchase certified functional foods. We collected 398 valid questionnaires from Taiwanese consumers of certified functional foods. Data were analyzed using structural equation modeling. Results revealed that LTO and safety consciousness positively affect health consciousness, which consequently affects consumers’ attitude toward and repurchase of certified functional foods. In addition, LTO resulted in a more positive attitude toward certified functional foods. These findings aid functional food marketers in their formulation of marketing communication and marketing strategies.

Psychological Features of the Personality of Students of Different Specialties

The objective of the article is the correspondence of individual and typological features of the student to the chosen direction, which promotes successful adaptation to study at the university and readiness for future professional activity. The aim is to reveal psychological features of personality of students: doctors, engineers, and jurists. Materials and methods are the following: 180 students of 1-3 year (17-25 years old): future doctors (n=80), jurists (n=50), and engineers (n=50). We studied the psychological characteristics of personality. The program «Mini-mult» of the medical diagnostic hardware and software complex «Biomysh Research» («Neurolab», Russia) was used. The statistical analysis was performed by parametric method using the Student's t-test.The results are the following: students of different specialties have intergroup and individual differences in neurodynamic and cognitive functions. The most significant difference was found on scales 1, 2, 6, 7 (р˂0.05-0.01). The personality pattern of students (future doctors and jurists) has a «peak», three-phase pattern, and no reliable differences between the contrasting ones. The average psychological profile of the personality of students, future engineers is «linear», all its indicators are between 45T and 55T. Such profile is found in persons referred to the concordant norm.Conclusions are the following: students of all studied groups are characterized by high openness and desire to present themselves in a more favorable light on indicators of three evaluation scales (L, F, K). The psychological profiles of doctors and jurists are similar. Contrasting «peaks» are on scales of hysteria, paranoia and schizoidity. It testifies to constant dissatisfaction and indomitable aspiration to the set goal. Determination, flexibility of behavior with low level of anxiety, and confidence in decision making are inherent in future doctors and jurists. Engineering students are confident, satisfied with themselves and their surroundings, sociable, optimistic, and cheerful. However, their level of anxiety is higher than the level of jurists. It is recommended to create a system of organizational and pedagogical conditions for the formation and development of «western components of professional mobility» for students of various specialties.

Modelling Behavioural Systems: Integrating Psychology and Complex Systems Science

In order to rise to the challenge of modelling the behavioural systems with which population-scale behavioural science is concerned, we must make Isaac Asimov’s concept of psychohistory less science fiction and more science fact. To do this, we need to integrate complex systems science and psychology in order to place individual behavioural response functions in relation to one another. We seek to do this in the present work, and so draw on complex systems science to provide a network representation of social systems before turning to Kurt Lewin’s gestalt psychology to provide a model of individual behaviour within those systems. We extend Lewin’s model to a probabilistic variant that can be reduced by grounding it in neuropsychological perspectives on the mind. This allows us to model behaviour as the outcome of the interaction between personal psychological and environmental characteristics that create driving and restraining forces that influence a behavioural likelihood distribution. This behavioural likelihood distribution, we show, can be changed more sustainably by the reduction of restraining forces through changes either to the environment or to the structure of the mind itself. We then integrate our complex systems science and psychology perspectives into a model of behavioural systems as self-organising systems subject to diffusion through their social networks and derive an equation that describes these system dynamics. This work is necessarily primarily theoretical, but it is necessary only in the context of the objective of developing an empirical methodology that can identify, attribute and forecast change in behavioural systems. We conclude with a consideration of how this research program might be advanced.

Behavioral and Motivational Patterns of Internet Users: A Logico-Categorial Analysis

The ongoing digitalization is giving rise to new sciences, such as psychoinformatics which studies the links between digital footprint and individual psychological characteristics. According to top-level researchers, the most important problems to be solved in the nearest future are to assess the impact of the new forms of self-perception, self-reflection and self-presentation on social communication; find strategies to facilitate the flow state, i.e. full immersion in whatever someone is doing, in the increasingly fragmented reality; explore the mechanisms of the digital worlds affecting human brain development and the ways of reducing the negative impact of digital technology on human brain; coordinate the design of digital worlds with the society’s emotional and cultural heritage in order to ensure a comfortable existence; and develop social communication rules for digital environments.Internet use behaviors can be prosocial or antisocial, depending on whether the existing social norms are accepted or rejected. Users engaging in the two types of online behavior differ in their online communication strategies and manifest specific cognitive, motivational and emotional characteristics.The goal of this study was to review international findings in order to identify and analyze the logico-categorial characteristics of online antisocial behavior associated with specific motivational patterns of Internet users.As a result, internal and external determinants of online antisocial behavior have been identified. Significant correlations have been found between pathologic Internet use and user’s communicative, emotional, motivational, and cognitive psychological characteristics. A promising direction for building online behavior models and designing initiatives to tackle online antisocial behavior may be to explore the links between users’ behavior on websites of different purpose and content with their personal psychological characteristics.

Мотиваційно-ціннісний компонент розвитку професійної комунікативної компетентності диспетчерів управління повітряним рухом

The article is devoted to the flight safety on the international airlines. ICAO Assembly has signed Resolution А 32-16, relating to the role of language factor in aviation incidents and accidents. The professional (foreign language) communicative competence of air traffic controllers is defined, especially its development. This kind of professional competence is the union of professional and special foreign language communicative knowledge, skills and habits and the ability of their usage in the process of professional interaction during radiotelephony with aircraft crews on the international airlines in the conditions of any types of professional interaction and activity. It’s motivation-and value component defines it’s development during professional activity and work, in other way the result will be the number of incidents and accidents with the proper reason lack of mentioned above competence. The scientific methods of analysis, synthesis, description and comparison have been used in order to describe the motivation-and value component relating to the competence of air traffic controllers mentioned above. In this work the motivation-and value component, its plot and the components of the learning process itself are described. The motivation component and its elements, the value component and its elements, the motivation and value buildings were covered by this article. As a result it is proved that the motives and valuable orientations are the important psychological characteristics of personality. The valuable orientations, as the complex units, includes the different forms and ways of professional, social and individual interaction in personality. These orientations are being formed under the influence of external professional environment through the mastering of any forms and ways of activity. ATCO professional position forming takes place along with these processes. The results of this research were implemented in the training process, which takes place on the base of Training and Certification Center of Ukrainian Air Traffic Services Enterprise (UkSATSE). Moreover it was paid attention to the fact that the peculiarities of motivation-and value component functioning are dependent on the demands of ICAO Docs №9432 and №9835.

Отдельные аспекты проведения оперативного опроса с использованием Интернета в противодействии экстремизму

The article substantiates the relevance of using the Internet when conducting a survey of persons who possibly involved in extremist activities or possessing relevant information to the disclosure of extremist crimes. Various theoretical approaches to understanding the survey as an operational-search measure are analyzed. The goals and objectives of this operational-search measure in countering extremism using the Internet are determined. Special attention is paid to the forms of user interaction on the Web, linguistic and behavioral characteristics that directly affect the effectiveness of the Internet survey. The psychological characteristics of persons involved in extremist activities in the context of Internet communication are analyzed. Suggestions have been formulated to improve the tactics of preparing for a contactless survey using programs and services for user interaction on the Internet when solving extremist crimes.

The Problem of Psychological Rehabilitation of Persons with Disorders of the Musculoskeletal System Acquired in Adulthood.

The problem of improving the quality of life of people with lesions of the musculoskeletal system is relevant to modern society. However, the circumstances of disabled people in modern Russia are characterized by the presence of many problems, including psychological ones. The aim of this study was to study the psychological characteristics of persons with acquired disorders of the musculoskeletal system and to determine the direction and content of psychological rehabilitation. In this study, we studied the characteristics of the emotional-volitional sphere of persons with musculoskeletal disorders (n = 30) acquired in adulthood, as well as scientific approaches to the study of rehabilitation and the main directions of rehabilitation of persons with musculoskeletal disorders. Clinical, psychological, and psychodiagnostic methods, alongside statistical methods of empirical data analysis, were used. It was found that persons with acquired disorders of the musculoskeletal system have a low adaptive capacity, a high level of neuropsychic stress, a low level of self-actualization and self-regulation and are not capable of the conscious planning of activities. The personal factors that intensify the manifestation of maladjustment are isolation and emotional stress when interacting with others. The article presents the main directions for rehabilitation.

Physical activity level as a booster of entrepreneurial intention: a social innovation approach

This study aims to investigate if engaging in physical activity (PA) and gender influences people’s entrepreneurial intention (EI). A survey for measuring EI and PA was developed and administered to the general population. The data were collected with a questionnaire distributed across all continental Portuguese regions. A two-way analysis of variance was used to test the influence of PA level and gender in EI. The results highlight that PA and gender have an impact on EI. This study’s main practical implication is that evidence was found that people need to be involved in more PA, especially in high PA level, because the results show that there is an association with increased levels of EI. This paper contributes to filling a gap in the literature by identifying the importance of PA for the increase of EI. This relationship may be a consequence of skills promoted by the practice of PA and also the development of some personal psychological and cognitive characteristics such as autonomy, risk tolerance, and leadership. The main implication resulting from this study is that it is essential to develop and booster PA into society, namely through PA programmes in organisations, not only for improving persons’ health condition but also as a social benefit, that can promote social innovation and entrepreneurship.

CORRELATIONS BETWEEN PERSONAL CHARACTERISTICS AND PHYSICAL FITNESS IN HEALTHY STUDENTS AND STUDENTS WITH CHRONIC DISEASES

Aim. The article deals with establishing correlations between personal characteristics and physical fitness in healthy students and students with chronic diseases. Materials and Methods. 426 first-year male and female students from the Irkutsk State University took part in the study. In all first-year students, we studied personal psychological characteristics: personal adaptation potential, motivation to success, anthropometric data (body weight, body height, BMI). We also studied the parameters of physical fitness. Results. In healthy female students, we revealed a direct correlation between physical fitness (pull ups) and personal adaptation potential. In females with chronic diseases, we established a direct correlation between abdominal muscles strength and personal adaptation potential. In healthy males, we found out the dependence between BMI and motivation to success. Conclusion. In first-year students (male and female), we revealed the positive correlations between personal characteristics and physical fitness.

Preoperative psychological personal characteristics of glioma patients

Objective To analyze the preoperative personal characteristics of glioma patients and to explore the association of their personal characteristics with clinical factors. Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on 85 patients with gliomas (tumor group) who were admitted to Department of Neurosurgery of Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University from February 2016 to December 2018. Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) was used for assessment before surgery. Meanwhile, 41 healthy volunteers who volunteered to undergo the MMPI assessment at Mental Health Center of Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University during the same period were enrolled as controls (healthy control group). The results of MMPI scores were compared between the 2 groups. The relationship between Karnofsky Performance scale(KPS) score, tumor grade, location and side of patients with glioma and MMPI score was further analyzed. Results There was no significant difference in age, gender, education level or income between the 2 groups (all P>0.05). Compared with normal control group, the scores of 9 scales of MMPI in tumor group, including Lie (56.0±11.5 vs. 50.0±10.0), Validity (53.0±10.6 vs. 41.7±8.8), Hypochondriasis (55.6±11.2 vs. 44.2±8.3), Depression (49.2±9.6 vs. 42.2±10.3), Masculinity-femininity(49.9±9.4 vs. 42.8±14.0), Psychasthenia (51.5±10.0 vs. 40.9±11.5), Schizophrenia (51.2±10.6 vs. 40.2±10.6), Hypomania(51.8±9.1 vs. 47.7±9.4), Social introversion(46.6±8.7 vs. 36.7±13.0), were significant increased (all P 80 group and KPS≤80 group (P 0.05). Conclusions Patients with gliomas usually have some abnormal psychological personality, including evasion, over self-worry, emotional depression, nervousness, anxiety and so on. The KPS scores, tumor grade and location seem to have certain effects on their psychological personal characteristics respectively. Key words: Glioma; Preoperative period; Psychology; Personality assessment; Minnesota multiphasic personality inventory

READINESS TO SELF-EDUCATION IN THE STRUCTURE OF STUDENTS’ PERSONALITY

The article analyses students’ readiness for self-education.  A person’s readiness for self-education is understood as a stable psychological formation that integrates personal qualities, abilities, motivation, knowledge, skills, necessary for corresponding activities, manifests itself as a willingness to self-education and ensures its effectiveness (resulting in a qualitatively new personal state: new knowledge, skills, new personal qualities, new views and beliefs). The indicators of readiness for self-education are: understanding of the social and personal significance of self-education, a positive assessment of own need for self-education, a stable cognitive interest in a certain field of knowledge and systematic pursuits for its satisfaction, the ability to independently set self-educational goals and seek ways to resolve them, manifestation of initiatives in searching for the necessary information, working out and using it in the mastering of the relevant skills and abilities and their application, volitional efforts in the process of self-education (searching for opportunities to eliminate obstacles or find other ways to achieve the goal), a positive emotional background during self-education, emotional exaltation as a result of new knowledge, skills, meanings, etc. in the process of self-education. On the basis of the theoretical analysis of scientific sources, the personal psychological characteristics that can support development of a person’s readiness for self-education are distinguished: internal motivation for studying, motives of studying at university, the need of knowledge, understanding of education, knowledge and development as important values, general mental abilities, development of organizational abilities, reflection and meaningfulness of life. The empirical study on development of these psychological characteristics and readiness for self-education was implemented with the sample consisting on university students. In order to study the students’ readiness of for self-education, the author’s technique "Experimental Situation" was used. To study the students’ learning motivation, we used: the method diagnosing the internal learning motivation proposed by T. D. Dubovitska, the method determining the learning motives (in the modification of  A. A. Rean, V. A. Yakunin), the technique "SAMOAL", Rokeach Value Survey. To diagnose the general mental abilities, Wonderlic Personnel Test (adapted by V.N.Buzin) was used. To study organizational skills, we used the scale of communicative and organizational skills. Reflection was studied with the help of the questionnaire on reflexivity of A. V. Karpov and the Test of Meaningful Life Orientation of D. A. Leontiev. Half of the respondents showed high indicators of readiness for self-education; the majority of the rest showed average results, and the small part of the respondent showed low results. The most popular motives of students’ training at university are: “to become a highly qualified specialist”, “to acquire profound and solid knowledge”, “to be successful in future professional work”. At the same time, with the increase in the level of readiness for self-education, the motive “to get intellectual pleasure” gains popularity. The existence of a weak statistically significant correlation between the respondents’ readiness to self-education and the internal motivation of the study and the very weak, but statistically significant ones with the need of cognition, attitude to cognition as a value, organizational skills, reflection and meaningfulness of life are substantiated. These correlations are regarded as an indicator of the relative independence of readiness for self-education from other (motivational, intellectual, reflexive) psychological personal characteristics. The respondents were grouped depending on bond strength between development of their psychological characteristics and readiness for self-education; and the types of students’ readiness to self-education are determined on this basis: thought-organized, supported by internal learning motivation; oriented to life-long values; intellectual (combined with higher than that for other types readiness for self-education); and reflexive. Taking these types into account at development of a system of measures to optimize the students’ readiness for self-education is a prospect of research in this direction. &nbsp

Mental Disorders and Personal Psychological Characteristics in Patients with Cardiovascular Diseases

Background. Today the prevalence of mental disorders have grown significantly, so it is urgent to diagnose and correct them as early as possible. Mental disorders in patients with cardiovascular diseases aggravate the course and outcomes of the underlying disease, which necessitates their investigation in clinical practice.Aim: to study the frequency and phenomenology of mental disorders in patients with cardiovascular diseases.Materials and methods. Sixty patients of the Cardiology Department of St. Petersburg Multidisciplinary Hospital became the objects of the study, and comprised 2 groups. The first group included 30 patients with cardiovascular diseases, such as coronary artery disease and hypertension I–III stages, among them 10 men and 20 women aged 43.1 ± 11.7 years. The second group consisted of 30 patients with chronic heart failure in stabilization period (mean age 65.6 ± 10.8 years). The study included clinical and scale assessment.Results. We found that in patients with cardiovascular diseases mild disorders of affective spectrum prevail, with a typical comorbidity of anxiety and depression. Mental disorders and personal features in patients with chronic heart failure are different from those in patients with uncomplicated cardiovascular conditions. Mental disorders are detected in cardiological practice only in one third of patients, which reveals the problem of training internists, who could diagnose the most common mental disorders.Conclusions. Complex clinical and scale assessment in combination with the results of patients’ self-assessment showed a significant prevalence of affective disorders in the patients with cardiovascular diseases, who underwent treatment in the Cardiology Department of St. Petersburg Multidisciplinary Hospital. The results demonstrate that cardiac pa tients have personal risk factors for mental disorders development, predominantly anxiety and depressive disorders of neurotic level, both nosogenic and non-nosogenic, which requires a comprehensive psychological, psychotherapeutic and psychiatric care for these patients.

Осознанность подростков-сирот и подростков, оставшихся без попечения родителей, как фактор психологического благополучия

The article presents a study of mindfulness as a feature of consciousness in orphan and parentless adolescents. The adolescents’ mindfulness is analysed through their awareness of the ability to achieve positive psychological effects, including psychological well-being and resilience. The study employed the following 9 techniques: the Child and Adolescent Mindfulness Measure (CAMM); the Resilience Scale; the Self-Compassion Scale; the Toronto Empathy Questionnaire; the Ryff’s Psychological Well-Being Scale; the Gratitude Questionnaire; the Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire; the scales for measuring readiness to help and aggression in the classroom; the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ).The sample included 20 orphan and parentless adolescents. The study revealed that mindfulness is indeed a factor of psychological well-being. The educators of twenty organizations for orphans and children without parental care assessed the adolescents’ strengths and difficulties in order to evaluate their cognitive emotion regulation abilities.Сorrelation analysis allowed us to identify the relationship of mindfulness, psychological well-being indicators and emotional regulation with a number of social psychological characteristics of personality in the adolescents: indicators of positive psychological effects of mindfulness, in particular, humanity, resilience, competence (environmental management), and decrease of cognitive and emotional reactivity.

Individual psychological characteristics of personality as correlates of executive activity of university students

The theory of the executive activity of a personality and the ability to determine its correlates are analyzed. High efficiency executive activity is considered as a predictor of a high quality of life and professional activity of an individual. The results of the study of the individual psychological properties of the personality associated with the characteristics of performing activities are presented. A combination of properties is highlighted: irritability, sociability, extraversion, which positively affect the type of execution. They form a triad closely associated with all the properties of executive activities. Some personality properties that inhibit the development of characteristics necessary for effectiveness are identified. Aggressiveness and high emotional lability are characteristic of students with low responsibility. According to the research results, mutually exclusive properties are organization and openness. The definition of determinants and correlates of performing activities opens up opportunities for psychologists and educators to create spaces for the development of a highly effective personality. Executive activity is a system construct. Understanding its structure allows us to see its flexibility and form individual trajectories of learning and personality development.