Psychic Development Research Articles

Педагогическая психофизиология К. Д. Ушинского

The article discusses a range of physiological issues raised by K. D. Ushinsky in his work Man as the Object of Education: Evidence from Pedagogical Anthropology. Ushinsky focuses on physiological laws and provides a comprehensive analysis of the physiology of the nervous system relevant for that time period. In particular, he describes the reflex arc, cranial nerves, the work of muscles and sensory systems, the development of fatigue. He also makes an attempt to explain mental phenomena based on the systemic approach to the physiology of the nervous system. Considering the relationship between physiology and psychology, Ushinsky describes a number of issues that are important for pedagogical psychophysiology. Among them are the following: the role of repetition and exercises in the development of skills and habits; mental processes important for learning including attention, memory, perception, speech and thinking; patterns of psyche development in ontogenesis, and a physiological basis for individual/typological differences. The beginning of the first volume of Anthropology explores quite a wide range of topics and reads easily. Thus, the first volume offers a great opportunity for the modern Russian-speaking readers to get a detailed understanding of the mid-19th century state of the art in the physiology of human nervous system. In addition to the historical interest, Ushinsky’s work has numerous intersections with the modern research avenues in psychophysiology.

ПСИХОЛОГО-ПЕДАГОГИЧЕСКОЕ СОПРОВОЖДЕНИЕ ЛЮДЕЙ ПОЖИЛОГО ВОЗРАСТА КАК ФАКТОР УСПЕШНОГО СТАРЕНИЯ

Statement of the problem. Globally aging populations, with the number of elderly people growing at a faster rate than other population groups, are increasing their share of the total population in virtually all countries. Knowledge of the needs of elderly people is necessary to determine the optimal forms of work with them and the choice of those types of social services that they need especially. In senior age, the occurring personality modification is characterized by a diverse set of qualities that are rarely found in one person. Therefore, there is a need to consider the approaches of psychological and pedagogical support and those factors that affect the lifestyle of people in advanced age and successful aging. Materials and methods include the principle of a systematic approach and methodological unity of the biological and psychosocial in the formation of human mental pathology (B.G. Ananiev; B.F. Lomov; M.M. Kabanov; Yu.L. Nuller; V.M. Vorobiev; L.I. Wasserman); the principle of determinism, the principle of the unity of consciousness and activity (S.L. Rubinstein; A.N. Leontiev); the principle of system approach (V.A. Ganzen). There were also theoretical and methodological foundations of the concept by Russian psychologists G.S. Abramova, E.F. Rybalko and M.D. Aleksandrova, as well as fundamental methodological provisions on the unity of consciousness and activity, on the development of psyche in activity (L.S. Vygotsky, A.N. Leontiev, S.L. Rubinstein, etc.). Research results. Theoretical and experimental research systematized the conditions and factors that predetermine successful aging and the targets of preventive work. The presented research results make it possible to increase the effectiveness of complex measures aimed at increasing the proportion of successful aging. The studies have identified the factors that determine successful aging and the targets of prevention work. Successful aging is multifaceted and includes preventing disease and disability, maintaining high physical and cognitive functions, and constant participation in social and industrial activities. Conclusion. The presented research results will supplement the data on psychological and pedagogical support of the elderly and create prerequisites for the development of effective comprehensive measures aimed at increasing the proportion of successful aging.

The forward edge transference within self-psychology and the activation of inborn capacity through interpretation and internalization.

This paper builds on the ideas of self-psychologists Marian Tolpin and Richard Geist in two ways. Firstly, the idea of using forward edge transference as fostering the promotion of psychological health and well-being. I present two verbatim clinical examples showing the use of forward edge transference, and thus the intersubjective engagement between therapist and patient. I suggest that forward edge transference, rooted in healthy and self-affirming childhood experiences, can lie buried and forgotten. Secondly, using the same two examples, this paper adopts the notion of interpretation as a carrier of selfobject functions and shows how the interpretation of forward edge transferences has the potential to catalyse (forgotten) inborn capacity. Internalization, a part of selfobject function and psychic development, is re-thought of as a process in which an interaction between patient and therapist appears to (re)activate inborn potential/capacity for the patient rather than as something the patient ‘takes in’ from the other/selfobject.

Educação e Trabalho: Ensino técnico integrado ao ensino médio dos Institutos Federais

This article analyzes, through Historical-Cultural Psychology framework, how teenagers, assisted by the Professional and Technological Education, in the Technical Education Integrated modality with High School, of the Federal Institutes, understand the relationship between school and work. Data were collected through interviews with students from one of the campuses of the Instituto Federal do Parana – IFPR. It demonstrates the merit of this educational model in providing an understanding the relationship between scientific knowledge, psychic development and understanding of reality, but at same time it faces a disadvantaged competition with the utilitarian school view.

Keterjaminan Perkembangan Psikis Anak Usia Dini Korban Perceraian Ditinjau Dari Aturan Hukum Positif

The purpose of the study is to find out whether in positive legal rules such as child protection laws and child welfare discuss about psychic developments that are part of the child's spiritual survival guarantee. If there is any whether it has become a guarantee for the smooth development of early childhood psychically is not just in material fulfillment. This study is a study that uses qualitative methods that refer to earlier sources of libraries and researches that support library data. With the normative description approach of positf hocumes relating to child rights and obligations. The results of the study showed that in the rule of the positive Law in Indonesia still only generally redaction of the guaranteed needs of child psychic development. What’s more, regarding the child who was a victim of divorce, but at least in article 156 The Islamic Law Compilation of point C could already be a solution in the event of a problem. So that the guarantee of child psychic survival cannot yet be normatively measured even more so in its application. So far what is seen in the positive hokum rules is simply a guarantee for the fulfillment of the living of material for the child.

Postmetaphysical Conundrums: The Problematic Return to Metaphysics in Horkheimer’s Critique of Instrumental Reason

Postmetaphysical Conundrums: The Problematic Return to Metaphysics in Horkheimer’s Critique of Instrumental Reason

Pengaruh Antara Pendidikan Orang Tua dan Tipe Kepribadian Anak dengan Perilaku Bullying di Sekolah

The school environment, apart from being able to expand the world of children, can also be a place for bad psychic development that can interfere with children's development, one of which is violence between students or bullying. This study aims to determine the effect of parental education on student bullying behavior, determine the effect of student personality type on bullying behavior, and determine the effect of parental education and student personality on student bullying behavior in schools. The population of this study was 1,340 students with a sample of 303 students who were taken using simple random sampling technique. Data on parents' education, children's personality, and bullying behavior were collected using a questionnaire. Hypothesis testing using single regression and multiple regression. The results showed: 1) There was a relationship between parental education and bullying behavior with a significance value of 0.000 <0.05, the contribution of parents' education was 55.0% with the regression equation Y = 75,773+8,963X1. 2) There is a relationship between the child's personality and bullying behavior with a significance value of 0.000 <0.05. The contribution of the child's personality is 83.9% with the regression equation Y = 20.298+1.123X2. 3) There is a significant relationship between parental education and children's personality with bullying behavior with a probability of 0.000 < 0.005. The contribution of these two variables is 87.4% with the regression equation Y' = 26,318+2,996 +0,924.

The Emergence of Psychoanalytic Metaneuropsychology: A Neuropsychoanalytically Informed Reconsideration of Early Psychic Development.

This paper is principally concerned with reappraising some of the major disagreements that separated the Viennese and the London Kleinians during the British Psychoanalytical Society's Controversial Discussions. Of particular focus are questions pertaining to the genesis of ego development, the beginnings of object-relating, and the role of unconscious phantasy in respect of these phenomena. The aim of the investigation is to inquire into the light that may be shed on the once intractable conflicts surrounding these questions by bringing to bear more recent developments from psychoanalysis and the neurosciences. First, various key issues from the Controversial Discussions are outlined, before the paper turns to work by Jaak Panksepp and Mark Solms that bears on these older arguments and the Freudian theories that underpinned them. With these conceptual foundations established, three questions are posed and discussed with a view to understanding the implications of recent neuropsychoanalytic thinking for some of the entrenched conflicts that divided the British Society. These questions include: (1) what does it mean for the ego if the id is conscious? (2) What does recent neuroscientific knowledge tell us about whether the ego should be thought of as present from birth? (3) How can we understand and locate unconscious phantasy if the main part of the mind that Freud thought of as unconscious is not so? Research from the arena of infant development—particularly the material and analysis of infant observation—is drawn on to illustrate various conclusions. The paper ultimately concludes that taking such an interdisciplinary approach can reveal renewed justification for aspects of the Kleinian metapsychology.

Post-structural Meditations of Jacques Lacan on Human Subjectivity

The present article explores psychoanalytical discourse of Jacques Lacan on human subjectivity. Jacques Lacan is an important psychoanalyst who extends Freud’s ideas about the human mind. If closely seen, Lacan’s theory of psychoanalysis is far different from Freud’s psychoanalysis. As stated above, Freud’s emphasis was on intra-psychic processes that take place during childhood and their role in making an individual to be a member of the civilization. They have greater impact on entire life of the individual. Freudian theory of psychoanalysis was later expanded by Jacques Lacan. He, like Freud, made his contribution to the development of psychoanalysis. Poststructuralist thinkers such as Jacques Derrida (1930-2004), Louis Althusser (1918-1990), Michel Foucault (1926-1984), Roland Barthes (1915-1980) and Jacques Lacan, disagreed with the humanistic notion of an individual as rational being capable of thinking and understanding the outer reality and as separate from the ideological structures. The individual becomes subject of unconscious with the imposition of language and culture which are already there before the birth of an individual, says Lacan. The present article also unfolds his analysis on the three registers of human life i.e. imaginary, the symbolic and the real. The role of unconscious into psychic development of human subject is also discussed.

The expediency of questioning of a child in court during the determination of place of residence

The modern theory of psychology and the practice of forensic psychological expertise, in cases related to child upbringing and living arrangement disputes, allows to confidently claim that the questioning of a child under the age of 14 in court is always a stressful situation for him/her and an extremely inefficient procedure for obtaining information in order to establish an objective truth. Firstly, it is due to the age-based characteristics of children and their psyche development peculiarities, and secondly – to the external conditions, such as parents, pressure from the entourage, etc. Parents may knowingly or unknowingly involve a child in loyalty conflict, which negatively affects the child’s psychological state and prevents the court from drawing an objective conclusion on a true wish of a minor to reside with a particular parent. The aim of the article is the psychological substantiation of inexpediency of questioning of a child in court in order to determine his/her place of residence with father or mother after their divorce and during resolving the other controversial issues of child custody. When considering the issue of summoning a child, judges incessantly use the provision of article 171 of the Family Code of Ukraine – if a child is able to express his/her opinion, he/she must be heard. At the same time, judges often interpret this provision as a requirement to question a child directly during the court hearing. However, according to the author, this approach contradicts the European one and does not take into account that in order to prevent a negative impact on the child psychological state, obtaining his/her opinion should take place in the atmosphere of friendship, trust and understanding, by a person who was specially trained for this purpose. The article reveals the problem that it is difficult for the court to determine the authenticity of the child’s choice between parents, which is due to the lack of volitional regulation, the absence of developed ability to reflection and other age-based characteristics of a child. The author of the article reveals the concept of loyalty conflict (conflict of choice between parents) as the process of involvement of a child in parents’ conflicting relationship, and provides the examples of conscious or subconscious actions and statements of the child’s entourage that force him/her to make a choice between parents and to reject the «unwanted one» of them, which brings complicated psychological claims to a child, leads to his/her neuroticism and other psychological disorders. The possible reasons for the authentic («real») reluctance of a child to communicate with one of the parents had been outlined in the article. The necessity to involve a qualified specialist (expert-psychologist) in the process of obtaining the child’s opinion has been substantiated, in the form of questioning of a child in the «Green room» or ordering of a psychological expertise. Keywords:loyalty conflict, questioning of a child, parental alienation syndrome

Análise de processos de formação de quadros psíquicos de surdos congênitos em psicoterapia / Analysis of processes of formation of psychic pictures of congenital deaf people in psychotherapy

Speech is one of the main tools of psychotherapy. This represent an obstacle to the treatment of congenital deaf patients who do not use the oral language. Here we aim to analyze processes of psychic construction in deaf patients who use sign language, its relationship with the linguistic modality and indicate possible considerations for psychotherapy whit this population. We carried out a mutiple case study through a psychotherapy program, planned to attend three congenital deaf subjects fron the deal community of Sao Jose do Rio Preto –SP, selected by lot, from a private clinical record. The program was structured in 26 sessions, developed by a psychoanalyst versed in the Brazilian Sign Language. The sessions tool place an individual and systematic basis, aiming to observe the patterns in the development of mental processes, held once a week, lasting 50 minutes. For data analysis we used Spink’s Association Maps and Trees (2010). The results indicate that differences in the semiotic system of language in congenital deaf people determine adaptations in the psychic development of these patients due the psychotherapeutic treatment for deaf people must take place in their own semiotic system, symbolic organization and culture.

FURTHER THOUGHTS ON TRAUMA, PROCESS AND REPRESENTATION.

Beginning with Freud, throughout his work and in most if not all psychoanalytic formulations, the concept of trauma has been associated with the disruptive effects of excess excitation on psychic regulatory processes and psychic development. Foremost among these are the capacities for emotional containmentand representation. The restoration, strengthening or acquisition for the first time of these capacities can take place intersubjectively in a successful analytic therapy and lies at the heart of the therapeutic action.

Triangular Dynamics and Triangular Space: A Response to Shelley Nathans’ “Oedipus for Everyone: Revitalizing the Model for LGBTQ Couples and Single Parent Families”

ABSTRACT This paper elaborates the post-Kleinian understanding of the Oedipal Complex. It considers the idea of the development of ‘triangular space’ as an outcome of the Oedipal situation and concurs with Nathans (this issue) that this development can take place regardless of sexual orientation, gender identity, or couple and family configuration. Psychic development can be conceptualized in linear terms but in reality it involves much returning to earlier stages or reworking them from later positions. This reworking is seen in the interplay between triangulation, triadic, as well as dyadic relating, in all three of Nathans’s clinical examples. Creative couple relating is seen as one manifestation of the development of triangular space and it is suggested that being able to function creatively in couple and family relationships can be challenging and depends on a capacity for negative capability, managing difference and otherness, and managing hate in the context of love.

Violenza domestica assistita: effetti sullo sviluppo del bambino e implicazioni cliniche per i pediatri

Witnessing domestic violence may have serious negative consequences for the health, development and well-being of children. Only recently, witnessing domestic violence has been evaluated as a form of child maltreatment, considering the effects it may have within the family. Domestic violence is a complex and lasting experience that often results in interruptions, losses and challenges for the meaningful relationships of children. Children have very often feelings of fear, worry, guilt, helplessness and sadness and adopt strategies to deal with such traumatic situations. Moreover, children exposed to domestic violence have a high risk of having delays in cognitive, psychic, emotional and physical development with school and social interaction difficulties, internalising and externalising problems, learning disorders, aggressive behaviour and post-traumatic symptoms. Therefore, it is critical to early identify the signals that children show to help them and their family get out of the violent and abusive environment.

Situations d’assistance médicale à la procréation en pédopsychiatrie : une clinique particulière ?

BackgroundIn daily practice, the clinical impression suggests an over-representation of children from medically assisted procreation (MAP) in the population consulting in child psychiatry. This raises the question of the reality of this over-representation and the impact of the MAP on the psychic child's development. Based on the different reflections that have been carried out in the case of adoption, the study presented here attempts to provide a reflection on the current state of families and how the MAP comes to upset our representations. MethodsThis is a non-interventional descriptive cross-sectional study including a population of 262 families whose children are followed at the Alfred Binet Center, a child psychiatry consulting center in Paris. The main outcome measure is the over-representation of children from MAP in the Alfred Binet Center active queue. The secondary judgment criteria is: whether or not the consulting physicians know the MAP birth status of their patients. This criterion was measured by evaluating a difference between the two methods of collecting information (consulting physicians vs questionnaires) as well as by describing the population of children from Alfred Binet Center MAP, by comparing it to the population of children of ordinary conception. ResultsChildren from MPA were significantly more represented in the Alfred Binet Center population between 1997 and 2015 (p<0.05) and between 2006 and 2015 (p<0.0001). There are other significant differences between MAP patients and naturally conceived children with a higher rate of prematurity respectively (43.7% vs 3.7%), a younger average age (4.8 years vs 9.76 years) and an over-representation of single-parent families (25% vs 6.1%). The results of this study are important but have certain limitations. Firstly, it is a unicentric study. Secondly, the cofactors identified are insufficient to explain the real impact of the MPA on the child's psychic development. ConclusionThere is an overrepresentation of children from MAP in the population of the Alfred Binet Center. However, these results do not explain a specific psychic development. Additional multicentric, quantitative and qualitative studies are necessary to support these results. In this perspective, research is underway at the Alfred Binet Center on the development and the future of children born from MAP.

Controversy and Growth Points in the Activity Theory in Psychology.

Activity theory is the most powerful and influential current of Russian psychology in the world today. It considers the psyche to be a special form or function of object-oriented activity. The level of psychical development of a living being is directly proportional to the variety and freedom of its activities. The aim of this article is to explore the key growth points in activity psychology through the analysis of arguments among its creators - S.L.Rubinstein, L.S.Vygotsky, A.N. Leontiev, and P.Ja. Galperin. Vygotsky dreamed of building a scientific psychology on the model of Marx's Das Kapital; his project is resumed in this article. The author traces how, due to Walter Cannon's experimental research, Vygotsky came to the activity concept of affect, in which he finds the primary "cell" of the psyche. The problem of the relationship between concept and affect became the central problem of his "acmeistic psychology." While Vygotsky focused on the affective reflection of activity in the subject, Leontiev focused on its cognitive side, directed toward the object. In the objective world, the psyche serves a person's material life-activity, performing a search-and-orientation function. Leontiev considered consciousness a structural projection of that activity, but Galperin argued that Leontiev never managed to overcome the dualism of consciousness and activity. A new path to the realization of Vygotsky's dream is outlined. The proposed solution is based on Spinoza's concept of affect and the idea of freedom, interpreted as "the affect in the concept." (Vygotsky).

Clinical-psychological elaboration of discourse with regard to behavioural reactions typical of children and adolescents in the situation of COVID-19 pandemic

Background. The present state of COVID-19 pandemic has made the society face new challenges; it has created a number of crisis situations that regard both adults and children and that need prompt clinical-psychological solutions. Psychological data concerning children and adolescents in the pandemic context are notably few. Objectives. The analysis of how different age strata react to the situation, with special attention to how children and adolescents react to the measures introduced to prevent further spread of COVID-19. Subsequent specification of directions in which clinical-psychological approach could help to develop the corresponding medical-sanitary discourses. Results. It was found that whenever the population reacts and fulfils the corresponding recommendations in an inefficient way it can be explained by the fact that medical-sanitary discourse is not sufficiently elaborated in clinical-psychological terms. It is shown that there is a need for further analysis and development of constructive clinical-psychological approach to informing different age groups and for completing the existing medical-sanitary discourses on the basis of constructive clinical-psychological approach. The study singles out new system characteristics of a more productive medical-psychological approach to informing the public and influencing people’s behaviour in the present situation. Thus, it is shown that the informational-psychological characteristics of the discourse in question must be: exactness, credibility, systematic nature, teleological and behaviourial meaningfulness, as well as acceptability in terms of mental hygiene. It is extremely important to take into account that different age groups, such as children and adolescents, correspondingly, should be approached in different ways when informing them about the correct behaviour in the pandemic conditions. Apart from the mental hygiene issues, one should bear in mind the developmental aspects of construing information for children and adolescents. The clinical-psychological task here is to use the development of pandemic awareness in children and adolescents as an opportunity to create a new situation of psychic development, to form an impulse that not only could prevent them from developing a number of psychic disorders but could also favour their personality growth in the circumstances they find themselves in. Conclusion. The study singled out the directions for developing a new constructive trend in clinical-psychological studies, namely, in child and adolescent clinical psychology.

Determination and Freedom in Creation Mediated by Sign Systems

ABSTRACT This article examines the relationship between determination and freedom in the human act of creation mediated by the use of sign systems. To this end, an approximation is made between György Lukács’ philosophical-ontological reflection on the dialectic between teleology and causality in work activity and analysis carried out by Lev Vigotski on the importance of sign systems for human psychic development. It is concluded that creation involves complex relations between the freedom of the subjects and the socio-cultural determinations.

State Institution “Institute for Children and Adolescents Health Care at the NAMS of Ukraine” – pages of history and modernity

The State Institution “Institute of Children and Adolescents’ Healthcare under the National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine” (SI “ICAH of NAMSU”) is a multidisciplinary research, diagnostics &amp; treatment, organizational &amp; methodological center, the activities of which have been always responding to the most urgent needs of the contemporary healthcare. Functioning of this center has been always directed on solving the top priority tasks in the field of healthcare for school children and youth, including: prevention of chronic non-infectious diseases during childhood and adolescence; maintenance of the reproduction potential and of the psychological health among children and adolescents; prevention of the negative impacts from the educational process upon the health of school-age children and studying youth; scientific substantiation of the efficient use of new inventions in the related field; medical assistance for the patients of childhood and adolescence age under the conditions of healthcare sector reforms. As per the determined functions, the Institute is the only research institution of such specialization in Ukraine today. During the last decade, the state of health among Ukraine’ population of childhood age has been subject to negative changes: the morbidity rate has been growing along with the number of diseases, including non-infectious somatic pathologies. The share of healthy children of the school age does not exceed 5–10 %. Therefore, timely detection of the diseases of endocrine, reproduction, bronchopulmonary, cardiovascular, osteomuscular systems as well as of kidneys and liver becomes of vital importance. Attention should be particularly focused on the children and adolescents from the ATO zone and those suffered from the military actions, on the state of their psychological health and physical development. An important direction in maintaining and strengthening the health of children from the military conflict zone is the application of principles of the medical &amp; psychological assistance based on organizational, curative and preventive measures carried out by the PI “ICAH of NAMSU”. The Institute’s personnel will be directing their further efforts towards solving the most acute and most socially important issues related to reformation of healthcare for children and adolescents below 18 y.o. as well as on the development of advanced medical technologies for diagnostics, treatment and rehabilitation of children and adolescents. Key words: children; adolescents; psychological health; psychical development; medical &amp; psychological assistance.

ROLE AND IMPORTANCE OF THE PLAYING SPACE IN PSYCHIC DEVELOPMENT OF A PRE-SCHOOL CHILD

In the research process it has been determined, that the full-value development of a pre-school child takes place at the expanse of high-quality organization and effective use of the playing space. It has been outlined, that high-quality organization of the playing space favors the harmonic combination of psychic, physical and spiritual development of a child. The conducted theoretical analysis allowed to separate four main components that must be taken into account in the process of organizing the high-quality playing space of pre-school children, namely: content, material, organizational and personal. It has been noted, that a structural model of the qualitatively organized playing space of a pre-school child is based on acknowledgement of the child-centered orientation priority. It has been proved, that the agreed combination of four components of the playing space provides psychological safety of a pre-school child and favors the high level development of its cooperation in the process of interaction with others. It has been revealed, that the content of realized playing actions, material filling of the playing space, its dynamics and mobility, inclusion of all children in the active playing activity need essentially other approaches. There have been fixed contradictions between necessary and real ideas of teachers as to the organization quality of the playing space for pre-school children.&#x0D; The problem of quality organization of the playing space for pre-school children gains special importance under conditions of modern society that dictates new rules and requirements to the development of a successful person. The formation of the high level ability to understand own possibilities, to reveal initiative and comprehensively realize themselves in pre-school children provides the presence and interconnection of all structural components of the playing space.