Pseudomonas Oryzihabitans Research Articles

The Impact of Treated Wastewaters on Fish Bacterial Flora: A Public Health Perspective

Abstract Wastewaters from a treatment plant discharging into a canal harboring fish may present sources of microbiological hazard for wild fish. Such fish, inhabiting microbiologically polluted bodies of water, can be contaminated by human pathogens and, if used for human consumption, may pose a risk to public health. Hence, in this work the aim was to identify tested strains from tissues of wild fish living in the receiving water bodies, captured from locations up to 12 km from the point of discharge of treated water of town Virovitica in order to assess the bacterial threat of the WWTP on fish and potentially on public health. A rather rich diversity of bacterial genera was isolated from gill tissues and internal organs. The most frequent isolate was Aeromonas hydrophila which has gained public health recognition as an opportunistic pathogen. Vibrio cholerae, an indicator bacterium for aquatic contamination, was retrieved from all investigated tissues. Opportunistic human pathogens as well as some zoonotic agents were also retrieved from fish tissues (Enterobacter amnigenus, Acinetobacter spp., Ochrobactrum anthropi, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Flavimonas (Pseudomonas) oryzihabitans, Shewanella putrefaciens and others). Public health hazard is particularly pronounced regarding local recreational fishermen who fish out, handle and consume fish from respective waters.

Silver Nanoparticles as an Effective Anti-Nanobacterial System towards Biofilm Forming Pseudomonas oryzihabitans

Silver Nanoparticles as an Effective Anti-Nanobacterial System towards Biofilm Forming Pseudomonas oryzihabitans

Isolation, identification, and detection of ACC deaminase gene-encoding rhizobacteria from rhizosphere of stressed pineapple

ACC deaminase is a microbial cytoplasmic enzyme that cleaves ACC, a precursor of ethylene, in the stressed plant. The aims of this study were to isolate, identify, and detect the presence of ACC deaminase gene-encoding rhizobacteria from the rhizospheric soil of pineapple plants that have been exposed to abiotic and biotic stress, specifically herbicide, flooding, and Phytophthora spp. stress. A total of 49 rhizobacterial isolates were obtained, seven of which were observed for their growth on DF medium containing 3 mM L-1 ACC. The four best-growing isolates were selected for genomic DNA extraction. They were molecularly identified as Stenotrophomonas maltophilia (3), Burkholderia territorii (2A), Pseudomonas oryzihabitans (5B), and Bacillus tropicus (1E). A set of primers, 105F-acdS 5’-TGCCAAGCGTGAAGACTGC-3’ and 244R-acdS 5’-GGGTCTGGTTCGACTGGAT-3’, were constructed to amplify the ACC deaminase gene (acdS). Based on melt peak curve analysis, four products appeared to show a specific single peak at 86, 89, 87, and 89.5°C, indicating a single product was produced. In addition, a Blast search showed that these four products met the ACC deaminase feature and their acdS sequences were clustered into an ancestral group compared with the bacterial strains deposited in GenBank. These results suggest that ACC deaminase gene-encoding rhizobacteria from a pineapple plantation of tropical origin may affect the acdS sequences and may contribute to the host plant’s stress tolerance.

The diversity of endophytic bacteria from the traditional medicinal plants leaves that have anti-phytopathogens activity.

Endophytic bacteria live in plant tissues which utilized in plant protection against phytopathogens. This study aims to investigate the diversity of endophytic bacteria from the leaves of traditional medicinal plants that has anti-phytopathogens properties. Isolation of endophytic bacteria was done by spread plate method. The bacteria were characterised by Gram staining and the 16S rRNA gene analysis. Further screening of anti-phytopathogen activity used disc diffusion method for Ralstonia solanacearum , Xanthomonas campestris , Fusarium oxysporum , and Sclerotium rolfsii . All togethers, sixteen isolates of endophytic bacteria from the leaves of eight medicinal plants species were obtained. Fourteen isolates had an anti-phytopathogen (with eight isolates against R. solanacearum , seven isolates against X. campestris , nine isolates against F. oxysporum , and five isolates against S. rolfsii ). From the 14 isolates identified, phylum Firmicutes were dominant (64.3%), followed by Proteobacteria (28.6%), and Actinobacteria (7.1%). Phylum Firmicutes consists of Bacillus indicus (BJF1, TCF1, and MCF2), Bacillus pumilus (CAF4), Bacillus sp. (CAF1), Bacillus subtilis (AAF2, MCF1, CAF3, and MCF3); phylum Proteobacteria consists of Pantoea agglomerans (CAF2), Pantoea stewartii (AAF4), Pseudomonas oryzihabitans (AAF3), and Pseudomonas psychrotolerans (AAF1); and phylum Actinobacteria consists of Kocuria kristinae (CSF1).

Identification of predominant epiphytic and endophytic bacterial isolates in rice seeds effective for enhancement of seed germination and plant growth

ABSTRACT-During rice growing season, the symptomless rice seeds from different paddy fields in Guilan province, Iran, were collected. After isolation of epiphytic and endophytic bacteria, 39 isolates including 19 epiphytes and 20 endophytes were selected based on the predominant characteristics. Five Operational Taxonomic Units (OTUs) were obtained based on PCR-RFLP of 16S r-DNA in these isolates. According to biochemical tests and partial sequencing of 16S-rDNA, in both epiphyte and endophyte bacteria of rice seeds, the most populated OTUs (V and II) were identified as Pantoea ananatis and Pseudomonas oryzihabitans, respectively. Six representative isolates from these two OTUs were selected to be evaluated for their abilities for rice seed germination and growth enhancement. Among them, P. oryzihabitans was not beneficially effective. However, JpB1 isolate of P. ananatis was considered to be the most effective plant growth promoting isolate, since it showed stable beneficial effects on most surveyed characteristics in both rice seed germination and growth enhancement experiments. Although, OpB3 isolate of P. ananatis produced IAA in higher amount and solubilized phosphate more than the other isolates followed by JpB1 and P. ananatis L3pB3, it was not beneficially effective on rice seed germination.

Aversion center blackening of muskmelon fruit caused by Pseudomonas oryzihabitans, an opportunistic pathogen of humans and warm-blooded animals

This is the first report of bacterial center blackening in muskmelon fruit caused by Pseudomonas oryzihabitans, which is known as an opportunistic pathogen of humans and warm-blooded animals. The aim of this study was to investigate the microbiological characteristics of this infection. Bacterial center blackening, which can cause aversion in consumers, was observed in muskmelon fruit in South Korea in the fall of 2017. Symptoms included severe black pigmentation in the pulp surrounding the seeds inside muskmelon fruit. Dark brown pigmentation and gram-negative, non-spore-forming, rod-shaped pseudomonads were consistently recovered from the black pigmented pulp tissue of muskmelons. The symptoms after artificial inoculation were the same as those of the natural infection, while the control fruit exhibited no symptoms of infection. Using pathogenicity tests, analytical profile index (API) tests, whole-cell matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS), and 16S rRNA gene and gyrB region sequencing, the dominant species was identified as P. oryzihabitans. The recent outbreak indicates that P. oryzihabitans poses a potential threat to the global production and transportation of muskmelon as well as food safety.

Biological control of watermelon seedling blight caused by Acidovorax citrulli using antagonistic bacteria from the genera Curtobacterium, Microbacterium and Pseudomonas

The biological control of the watermelon seedling blight and fruit blotch disease was investigated by screening the potential use of antagonistic bacteria. Between May and August 2012, totally 322 putative antagonistic bacteria were isolated from symptomless melon and watermelon plants grown in Adana, Hatay, and Osmaniye provinces of the Eastern Mediterranean Region of Turkey. In vitro dual culture tests showed that 54 out of 322 strains inhibited the Acidovorax citrulli (Ac) growth with an appearance of clear zones between 2.3 and 27.0 mm in diameter. However, the remaining 268 strains did not exhibit any antagonistic activity against Ac. Seed treatments with fourteen individual antagonistic bacteria resulted in a significant reduction in disease incidence (DI) and severity (DS) ranging between 14.06–79.47% and between 4.57–41.49%, respectively. The bacteria Pseudomonas oryzihabitans (Antg-12), Microbacterium oxydans (Antg-57), Curtobacterium flaccumfaciens (Antg-198), and Pseudomonas fluorescens (Antg-273) were the most potent antagonistic bacterial isolates which reduced DI and DS as compared to the untreated control. This study suggested the potential of bacterial antagonists Curtobacterium flaccumfaciens, Microbacterium oxydans, Pseudomonas oryzihabitans, and Pseudomonas fluorescens for the biocontrol of Ac-induced bacterial fruit blotch (BFB).

ISOLATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF LIPASE PRODUCING BACTERIA FROM ANIMAL FATS

Lipases are enzymes which have numerous applications in many industries like leather, soaps and detergents, pharmaceuticals, biofuel, food, textile etc. Many organisms like plants, fungi, bacteria are known to produce lipase. Lipolytic bacteria were isolated from Egyptian animal fats and grown on tributyrin media. Among the isolates from Egyptian animal fats three strains identified to be Lactobacillus suebicus DSM 5008 DSM, Pseudomonas oryzihabitans DSM 6835 THAMand Staphylococcus epidermidis 4b_r ESL. These strains were evaluated for potential probiotic properties. Absence of haemolytic activity and antibiotic resistance is considered as a safety prerequisite for the selection of a probiotic strains. One strain was γ-haemolytic (i.e. no haemolysis) and other were α-hemolysis. All of the strains were recorded highly lipolytic activity on Tributyrin agar base plates The highest lipase activity (651.9 µg/ml/min) was observed in Pseudomonas oryzihabitans DSM 6835 THAM but the lowest activity was recorded in Staphylococcus epidermidis 4b_r ESL(151.3 µg/ml/ min). On the other hand, Lactobacillus suebicus DSM 5008 DSM tested gave (337.9 µg/ml/min).

APPLICATION OF LACTIC ACID IN PRESERVATION OF NINH THUAN GREEN GRAPES NH01-48

Ninh Thuan green grapes NH01-48 is popularly cultured in Ninh Thuan province. However, due to the lack of preservation technology and/or facility, Ninh Thuan grapes are transported to and consumed in other areas of the country in a limited volume. This study aimed to assess application of lactic acid in treatment of Ninh Thuan grapes for preservation. Effect of lactic acid on grapes with or without challenging microorganisms was examined. Green grapes NH01-48 was washed with sterile water, and then dried on air. Grapes were challenged with a cocktail of microorganisms previously isolated from Ninh Thuan grapes, including four bacterial strains (Bacillus cereus, Pseudomonas oryzihabitans, Citrobacter sp., and Flavobacterium sp.), three yeast strains (Wickerhamomces anomalus, Hanseniaspora opuntiae, Debaryomyces nepalensis) and one fungus Penicillium sp. at 5 × 104 CFU/ml. Then grapes were treated with 3 % lactic acid solution for 5 min (soaking) prior to be packed in plastic bags with punched hole of 3 mm diameter, distance between holes is 3 cm and preserved in refrigeration condition at 4 ± 0.5 oC. Grapes without challenging microorganisms/without acid pretreatment/without challenging microorganisms but treated with acid were used for comparison. Samples were taken every 5th day until 30 days. Color, hardness, total dry matter, titration acidity, and total microorganism count were measured. Results showed that when applied treatment of lactic acid on grape with and without challenging microorganisms, the change in grapes’ hardness, color, dry matter and titration acidity was minimized, demonstrating positive activity of lactic acid on grape physicochemical characteristics. Samples without lactic acid treatment were spoiled after 15-20 days of preservation, whereas the ones with acid treatment can be last for at least 30 days. Moreover, number of total microorganisms count after 30 days of preservation were acceptable in samples with lactic acid treatment (ca. 103 CFU/g). Therefore, lactic acid can be potential for application in grapes preservation. The combined effect with other preservation techniques needs to be further studied.

INHIBITION OF BACTERIA ISOLATED FROM NINH THUAN GRAPES BY ORGANIC ACIDS

Ninh Thuan grapes are famous specialty of Vietnam. After harvesting, they are very susceptible to damage if not preserved in time. This study aimed to find the minimal inhibitory concentration and minimal bactericidal concentrations of organic acids, such as lactic acid, citric acid, and ascorbic acid towards seven bacteria previously isolated from Ninh thuan grapes (Empedobacter brevis, Citrobacter sp. Enterobacterium ludwigii, Bacillus cereus, Flavobacterium sp., Pseudomonas oryzihabitans and Bacillus thuringiensis) in order to apply in pretreatment of grapes prior to storage. The Minimal Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) was determined by the binary dilution method. 0.1 ml of each dilution of test acids with initial concentration of 3 % was mixed with 0.1 ml of bacteria (c.a. 5.105 CFU/ml), in 96-culturing-well plate. Innoculated plate was incubated for 24 hours at temperature of 37 °C. Optical density was measured at 620 nm wavelength by a Microplate reader device. For Minimal Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) determination, 0.1 ml of bacteria (c.a.5.105 CFU/ml) was mixed with 0.4 ml liquid medium of Tryptone Glucose Agar (TGA) and of 0.5 ml acid at above concentrations, culturing within 24 hours at temperature of 37 °C. After 24 hours, they were dropped onto TGA agar plates, and cultured for 24 hours at 37 °C. The results showed that, the MIC and MBC of citric acid toward Empedobacter brevis were 0.12 mg/ml and 0.12 mg/ml; Citrobacter sp. were 0.9 mg/ml and 3.8 mg/ml; Enterobacterium ludwigii were 0.45 mg/ml and 1.9 mg/ml; Bacillus cereus were 0.9 mg/ml and 0.9 mg/ml; Flavobacterium sp. were 0.12 mg/ml and 0.45 mg/ml; Pseudomonas oryzihabitans were 0.12 mg/ml and 0.45 mg/ml and Bacillus thuringiensis were 0.12 mg/ml and 0.9 mg/ml, respectively. Similarly, MIC and MBC of lactic acid toward: Empedobacter brevis were 0.12 mg/ml and 0.23 mg/ml;Citrobacter sp. were 0.9 mg/ml and 1.9 mg/ml; Enterobacterium ludwigii were 0.45 mg/ml and 0.9 mg/ml; Bacillus cereus were 0.23 mg/ml and 0.45 mg/ml; Flavobacterium sp. were 0.12 mg/ml and 1.9 mg/ml; Pseudomonas oryzihabitans were 0.23 mg/ml and 1.9 mg/ml and Bacillus thuringiensis were 0.12 mg/ml and 1.9 mg/ml, respectively. Ascorbic acid was found to be inefficient for use as antimicrobial agent against isolated bacteria. The above results suggested that citric and lactic acids could be used at maximal concentrations of 3.8 mg/ml and 1.9 mg/ml, respectively to suppress bacteria from grapes. This finding would contribute to develop method for pretreatment of grapes in fresh grape preservation techniques.

Identification and determination of characteristics of endophytes from rice plants and their role in biocontrol of bacterial blight caused by Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae

Summary Endophytic bacteria of rice plants (Oryza sativa L.) from eight different cultivars were screened for their ability in inducing disease symptoms, plant growth promotion and antagonistic activity against Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae. Out of the 63 whole isolates, five were plant pathogens. Based on phenotypic characteristics and 16S rDNA sequence analysis, these were identified as Pseudomonas oryzihabitans, P. fulva, Pantoea ananatis, Pantoea sp., Cellulomonas sp. Four out of the 63 isolates behaved as potentially good plant growth-promoting and biocontrol agents. These were identified as Bacillus sp., B. subtilis, Pseudomonas putida and Enterobacter sp. This is the first report of pathogenic and endophytic bacteria from rice grown in field conditions in North of Iran.

Antibacterial Activity of Melissa officinalis L., Mentha piperita L., Origanum vulgare L. and Malva mauritiana against Bacterial Microflora Isolated from Fish

Abstract The aim of the present study was to detect the antibacterial activity of medicinal plants against fish microflora. A total of 4 ethanolic extracts of 6 plant species were collected from local environments of Slovakia and screened for antibacterial activity against bacterial microflora. Extracts of Melissa officinalis L., Mentha piperita L., Origanum vulgare L. and Malva mauritiana were used. Bacterial strains were isolated from common bleak (Alburnus alburnus) and common rudd (Scardinius erythrophthalmus) of Latvian origin. All bacterial strains were identified with the Matrix- Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization-Time of Flight Mass Spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS). Among fish microflora, Acinetobacter pittii, A. baumannii, Buttiauxella agrestis, Delftia acidovorans, Enterobacter cloacae, Serratia liquefaciens, Pseudomonas alcaligenes, Ps. oryzihabitans, Staphylococcus epidermidis, St. caprae, Pantoea agglomerans, Lelliottia amnigena, Providencia rettgeri, Escherichia coli and Rahnella aquatilis were identified. It has been shown that all plant extracts exhibit different degrees of antimicrobial activity against the tested bacteria. All bacterial strains in the present study were moderate sensitive to all extracts applied. The strongest antimicrobial effect of Malva mauritiana and Melissa officinalis L. against Pseudomonas oryzihabitans (6.67±1.53 resp. 9.67±0.58 mm) were found. The best antimicrobial activity of Mentha piperita L. was against Staphylococcus epidermis (7.33±0.58 mm) and strongest antimicrobial effect of Origanum vulgare L. was same against two bacterial strains Enterobacter cloacae and Serratia liquefaciens (9.67±0.58 mm).

Variety specific relationships between effects of rhizobacteria on root exudation, growth and nutrient uptake of soybean

The purpose of this research was to compare root exudation of major organic components, effects of PGPR on root exudates and the response of different soybean varieties to inoculation with PGPR to understand variety-dependent relationships between these traits. Growth and root exudation of soybean varieties Nice-Mecha, Bara and Svapa in the absence and presence of PGPR Pseudomonas oryzihabitans Ep4 was studied using gnotobiotic hydroponic system and UPLC techniques. Rhizobacterial effects on growth, seed yield quality, nodulation by Bradyrhizobium japonicum 634b and uptake of nutrients was investigated under field conditions. Genotypic differences between soybean varieties in root exudation, rhizobacterial effects on exudation and interactions with Ps. oryzihabitans Ep4 were revealed. Variety Bara had greatest root biomass with least root exudation and least Ps. oryzihabitans Ep4 colonisation. In both hydroponic experiments and field trials, the varieties Nice-Mecha and particularly Svapa responded more actively to Ps. oryzihabitans Ep4 than the variety Bara. Several mechanisms related to root exudation rate, exudate composition, bacterial production of siderophores and auxins are proposed to explain variety dependent interactions of plants with PGPR. The variety specific plant response to PGPR is mediated by genotypic differences in root exudation and the ability of PGPR to metabolize and/or transform the exuded organic acids, sugars and amino acids.

Pseudomonas oryzihabitans sepsis in a 1-year-old child with multiple skin rashes: a case report

BackgroundPseudomonas oryzihabitans is a Pseudomonas bacterial organism rarely implicated in human infections. The bacterium has been isolated in a few reported cases of neurosurgical infections and patients with end-stage cirrhosis, sickle cell disease, and community-acquired urinary tract infections. Limited information exists in developing countries, however, because of the lack of advanced microbiological tools for identification and characterization of this bacterium. This case report describes the isolation of a rare Pseudomonas bacterium in a patient presenting with sepsis and skin infection.Case presentationA 1-year-old girl was presented to a hospital in the northeastern part of Ghana with a 1-week history of pustular rashes on her scalp and neck, which occasionally ruptured, along with discharge of yellowish purulent fluid. The child is of Mole-Dagbon ethnicity and hails from the northern part of Ghana. Pseudomonas oryzihabitans was identified in the patient’s blood culture using the 16S ribosomal deoxyribonucleic acid sequencing technique. The rash on the patient’s scalp and skin resolved after continuous treatment with gentamicin while her condition improved clinically.ConclusionsThis finding suggests the potential of this bacterium to cause disease in unsuspected situations and emphasizes the need to have evidence for the use of the appropriate antibiotic in clinical settings, particularly in rural settings in Africa. It also brings to the fore the unreliability of conventional methods for identification of Pseudomonas bacteria in clinical samples and thus supports the use of 16S ribosomal deoxyribonucleic acid in making the diagnosis.

Temporal Variations in Cigarette Tobacco Bacterial Community Composition and Tobacco-Specific Nitrosamine Content Are Influenced by Brand and Storage Conditions.

Tobacco products, specifically cigarettes, are home to microbial ecosystems that may play an important role in the generation of carcinogenic tobacco-specific nitrosamines (TSNAs), as well as the onset of multiple adverse human health effects associated with the use of these products. Therefore, we conducted time-series experiments with five commercially available brands of cigarettes that were either commercially mentholated, custom-mentholated, user-mentholated, or non-mentholated. To mimic user storage conditions, the cigarettes were incubated for 14 days under three different temperatures and relative humidities (i.e., pocket, refrigerator, and room). Overall, 360 samples were collected over the course of 2 weeks and total DNA was extracted, PCR amplified for the V3V4 hypervariable region of the 16S rRNA gene and sequenced using Illumina MiSeq. A subset of samples (n = 32) was also analyzed via liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry for two TSNAs: N’-nitrosonornicotine (NNN) and 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK). Comparative analyses of the five tobacco brands revealed bacterial communities dominated by Pseudomonas, Pantoea, and Bacillus, with Pseudomonas relatively stable in abundance regardless of storage condition. In addition, core bacterial operational taxonomic units (OTUs) were identified in all samples and included Bacillus pumilus, Rhizobium sp., Sphingomonas sp., unknown Enterobacteriaceae, Pantoea sp., Pseudomonas sp., Pseudomonas oryzihabitans, and P. putida. Additional OTUs were identified that significantly changed in relative abundance between day 0 and day 14, influenced by brand and storage condition. In addition, small but statistically significant increases in NNN levels were observed in user- and commercially mentholated brands between day 0 and day 14 at pocket conditions. These data suggest that manufacturing and user manipulations, such as mentholation and storage conditions, may directly impact the microbiome of cigarette tobacco as well as the levels of carcinogens.

Application of bacteria from non-cultivated plants to promote growth, alter root architecture and alleviate salt stress of cotton.

Cotton seeds are frequently treated with acid to remove fibres and reduce seed-transmitted diseases. This process also eliminates beneficial bacteria on the seed surface. The goal of this research was to seek and apply beneficial bacteria to acid delinted cotton seeds to evaluate their growth-promoting and salt stress alleviating effects in seedlings. Bacteria were isolated from non-cultivated plants in the Malvaceae. Seeds were collected from Portia tree (Thespesia populnea) and wild cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) from coastal and arid areas of Puerto Rico. Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, Curtobacterium oceanosedimentum and Pseudomonas oryzihabitans were inoculated onto acid delinted cotton seeds. Bacteria increased cotton seed germination and length of emerging seedling radicles. Cotton seeds were inoculated with B. amyloliquefaciens to evaluate growth and root architecture of non-stressed and salt stressed seedlings. Inoculating cotton seeds with B. amyloliquefaciens led to a greater percentage of seedlings with expanded cotyledons after 8days, enhanced primary and lateral root growth, and altered root architecture. Similar results were obtained when okra seeds were inoculated with B. amyloliquefaciens. The data supported the hypothesis that non-cultivated plants in the Malvaceae growing in stressful environments possess bacteria that promote growth, alter root architecture and alleviate salt stress of cotton and okra seedlings. This study demonstrated the effects of applying beneficial bacteria on acid delinted cotton seeds. Inoculating seeds with salt stress alleviating bacteria could improve the growth of crop seedlings that are vulnerable to soil salinization.

Mentholation affects the cigarette microbiota by selecting for bacteria resistant to harsh environmental conditions and selecting against potential bacterial pathogens

BackgroundThere is a paucity of data regarding the microbial constituents of tobacco products and their impacts on public health. Moreover, there has been no comparative characterization performed on the bacterial microbiota associated with the addition of menthol, an additive that has been used by tobacco manufacturers for nearly a century. To address this knowledge gap, we conducted bacterial community profiling on tobacco from user- and custom-mentholated/non-mentholated cigarette pairs, as well as a commercially-mentholated product. Total genomic DNA was extracted using a multi-step enzymatic and mechanical lysis protocol followed by PCR amplification of the V3-V4 hypervariable regions of the 16S rRNA gene from five cigarette products (18 cigarettes per product for a total of 90 samples): Camel Crush, user-mentholated Camel Crush, Camel Kings, custom-mentholated Camel Kings, and Newport Menthols. Sequencing was performed on the Illumina MiSeq platform and sequences were processed using the Quantitative Insights Into Microbial Ecology (QIIME) software package.ResultsIn all products, Pseudomonas was the most abundant genera and included Pseudomonas oryzihabitans and Pseudomonas putida, regardless of mentholation status. However, further comparative analysis of the five products revealed significant differences in the bacterial compositions across products. Bacterial community richness was higher among non-mentholated products compared to those that were mentholated, particularly those that were custom-mentholated. In addition, mentholation appeared to be correlated with a reduction in potential human bacterial pathogens and an increase in bacterial species resistant to harsh environmental conditions.ConclusionsTaken together, these data provide preliminary evidence that the mentholation of commercially available cigarettes can impact the bacterial community of these products.

A metaproteomic approach dissecting major bacterial functions in the rhizosphere of plants living in serpentine soil.

A metaproteomic approach, based on liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS) analysis, was followed to map the major bacterial metabolic functions associated with the rhizosphere of metal-tolerant and metal hyperaccumulator plants, growing in a serpentine soil naturally contaminated by heavy metals such as Ni, Co and Cr. In particular, an "in-house" bacterial protein database was built based on the genera recognised by 16S rDNA profiling, then it was used for protein identification from LC-MS data. The combination of the information arising from three different extraction protocols, applied to each soil sample, permitted the identification of almost 800 proteins, corresponding to functions assigned to proper Gene Ontology categories. Mainly proteins involved in response to stimulus or in transport of metals and nutrients revealed variability of bacteria responses to microenvironment conditions. As for taxonomy, Phyllobacterium, Microbacterium oxidans, Pseudomonas oryzihabitans, Stenotrophomonas rhizophila and Bacillus methylotrophicus bacterial species were more represented in the rhizosphere samples of the metal-tolerant Biscutella laevigata and of the Ni hyperaccumulator Noccaea caerulescens with respect to bulk soil. Combining 16S rRNA gene-based sequencing and metaproteomic analysis, we get insights into microbial community functions and their interaction with plants colonising the stressful environment of serpentine soils.

Pseudomonas oryzihabitans Infected Total Hip Arthroplasty.

Pseudomonas oryzihabitans is a saprophytic gram-negative microorganism usually found in damp environments, only occasionally responsible for human pathology. Infection mainly occurs in malnourished, immunocompromised individuals with indwelling catheters. There is no previous published record of infection after joint arthroplasty. To enhance the literature, in this article we report a patient with a Pseudomonas oryzihabitans infected total hip arthroplasty, and discuss the diagnosis and management of this unusual infection.

Characterization of a novel marine microbial esterase and its use to make D-methyl lactate

A novel marine microbial esterase PHE14 was cloned from the genome of Pseudomonas oryzihabitans HUP022 isolated from the deep sea of the western Pacific Ocean. Esterase PHE14 exhibited very good tolerance to most organic solvents, surfactants and metal ions tested, thus making it a good esterase candidate for organic synthesis that requires an organic solvent, surfactants or metal ions. Esterase PHE14 was utilized as a biocatalyst in the asymmetric synthesis of D-methyl lactate by enzymatic kinetic resolution. D-methyl lactate is a key chiral chemical. Contrary to some previous reports, the addition of an organic solvent and surfactants in the enzymatic reaction did not have a beneficial effect on the kinetic resolution catalyzed by esterase PHE14. Our study is the first report on the preparation of the enantiomerically enriched product D-methyl lactate by enzymatic kinetic resolution. The desired enantiomerically enriched product D-methyl lactate was obtained with a high enantiomeric excess of 99% and yield of 88.7% after process optimization. The deep sea microbial esterase PHE14 is a green biocatalyst with very good potential in asymmetric synthesis in industry and can replace the traditional organic synthesis that causes pollution to the environment.