Pseuderanthemum Palatiferum Research Articles

Influence of Green Solvent Extraction on Phytochemicals, Potential Antidiabetic and In Vitro Anti-Inflammatory Activities of Pseuderanthemum palatiferum (Nees.) Radlk. Leaves

Pseuderanthemum palatiferum (Nees.) Radlk., belonging to the Acanthaceae family, is commonly cultivated in Vietnam and Thailand for food and medicinal  uses. The aim of the study was to compare phenolic composition, antioxidant,  potential anti-inflammatory and antidiabetic activities of different extracts  obtained from ethanol, 80% ethanol and water. The use of these solvents significantly affected the extractability of phytochemical classes, phenolic  contents and bioactivities in the extracts. The extract obtained from 80% ethanol  contained the highest amount of phenolics (113.74  26.17 mg GAE/g).  It also appeared to be more suitable for recovering phenolic constituents in P.  palatiferum leaves. The extracts obtained from ethanol and 80%  ethanol  showed significantly higher antioxidant potential and inhibition of -glucosidase  compared to water. Regarding inhibition of bovine albumin  denaturation, no differences were observed for the extracts at the examined  concentration. The research helps better understand phytochemical contents  and potential health benefits of P. palatiferum, which could be used for development of new plant-derived agents for disease prevention and treatment. &nbsp

Pressurized liquid extraction of phenolics from Pseuderanthemum palatiferum (Nees) Radlk. leaves: Optimization, characterization, and biofunctional properties

In this study, the pressurized liquid extraction (PLE) of total phenolic content (TPC), gallic acid (GA), and p-hydroxybenzoic acid (PHBA) from Pseuderanthemum palatiferum (Nees) Radlk. leaves was optimized using response surface methodology. The extract at the optimum conditions of TPC, namely OP, was characterized using GC–MS, HPLC, and spectrophotometry analysis. Furthermore, bio-functional properties of the OP, including antioxidant, antimicrobial, antihypertensive activities, and cytotoxicity against cancer and normal cell lines, were also investigated. The results showed that all extraction models were appropriate in predicting the extraction processes (p < 0.05) of the target compounds. In addition to TPC, GA, and PHBA, the OP also contains a high amount of other valuable components that contributed to its highly biological activities. Moreover, the OP was nontoxic on HaCaT cells with a concentration of no more than 1000 µg/mL. From the obtained results, PLE proved to be a suitable technique for the recovery of bioactive compounds from P. palatiferum leaves.

Effects of Dietary Supplementation with a Mixed Powder of Medicinal Plants on the Growth Performance, Carcass Characteristics, Chemical Composition, and Meat Quality of Pigs

The study was conducted to evaluate the effects of a medicinal plant mixture (MP) (60% Bindens pilosa L., 15% Urena lobata L., 15% Pseuderanthemum palatiferum, 5% Ramulus Cinnamomi, and 5% Illicium verum Hook. f.) as a feed additive to promote the growth performance and meat quality of grower-finisher pigs. Forty-eight crossbred pigs (Duroc × (Landrace × Yorkshire)), with initial live body weights of 30.3 ± 1.42kg, were randomly allocated to four dietary groups, with three replicates of each group and four animals per replicate. The experimental pigs were fed a basal diet supplemented with MP powder at 0, 20, 40, or 60 g kg-1 of feed (T0, T20, T40, and T60) for 15 weeks. The growth performance, carcass quality parameters, chemical composition, fatty acids, and cholesterol contents of the pig meat were measured. There were no statistical differences (P&gt; 0.05) in the final live body weight, overall average daily gain, average daily feed intake, and feed conversion ratio among the control and MP treatments. MP supplementation significantly increased the protein content (P = 0.02) and decreased the cholesterol content (P = 0.04) of raw longissimus dorsi muscle. The obtained results indicate that the dietary MP supplementation tested could have the potential to improve meat quality and decrease the cholesterol content in pork with no adverse effects on the growth performance.

Preparation of bio-functional surimi gel incorporation of fish oil and green tea extracts: Physico-chemical activities, in-vitro digestibility, and bacteriostatic properties

This study investigates the interaction of fish oil-protein and phenolic-rich green tea extract on the physico-chemical quality, lipid oxidation and bacteriostatic properties of different treatments of surimi gel incorporated with fish oil (FO) and Pseuderanthemum palatiferum freeze-dried powder (PFP). The incorporation of 3–6% FO, and 100–200 mg PFP/100 g surimi were investigated. The effect of PFP on the FO-fortified surimi gel had a positive effect on the textural and bio-potential properties. FO-PFP samples showed a higher water-holding capacity than the control gel. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) analysis of the surimi gel confirmed the successful blending of oil-protein and phenolic compounds present in PFP. The antioxidant activity and oxidative stability of PUFA-enriched oil increased with the addition of FO-PFP; moreover, the addition of PFP showed good antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, and Listeria monocytogenes. Hence, the combination of small amounts of PFP in oil-emulsified surimi gel could help in obtaining good-quality surimi gel fortified with health-beneficial polyunsaturated fatty acids that have antibacterial properties.

Effects of medicinal plants mixture on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, blood profiles, and fecal microbiota in growing pigs.

Background and Aim:Alternative natural materials to antibiotics for improving digestive health and growth performance are needed due to strengthening regulations related to the use of antibiotic growth promoters. The study aimed to evaluate the effects of medicinal plants mixture (60% Bidens pilosa L., 15% Urena lobata L., 15% Pseuderanthemum palatiferum, 5% Ramulus cinnamomi, and 5% Star anise) as alternative growth promotors on animal health, nutrient digestibility, blood parameters, and growth performance of growing pigs.Materials and Methods:The study was conducted, from April 2020 to June 2020, at a private pig production farm located in Cam Giang district Hai Duong Province, Vietnam. Forty-eight 10-week-old crossbred (♂Duroc×♀ [Landrace×Yorkshire]) pigs, average initial body weight 30.3±1.42 kg, were randomly allocated to four dietary groups, three replicate pens per experimental group, with 4 pigs/pen. For 7 weeks, the pigs were fed a basal diet supplemented with the mixture at levels of 0, 20, 40, and 60 g/kg of feed.Results:Final body weight, average daily gain, average daily feed intake, and feed conversion ratio, as well as apparent total tract digestibility of dry matter, organic matter, crude protein, ether extract, and gross energy were not significantly influenced by the diets (p>0.05). Inclusion of the plant mixture decreased significantly red blood cell count, blood cholesterol, urea nitrogen, and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) concentrations (p<0.05) compared with the control diet. No diet effect was observed on fecal Escherichia coli, Salmonella spp., Clostridium spp., and total bacteria counts.Conclusion:The incorporation of the plant mixture into the diet of growing pigs reduced serum cholesterol, LDL, and urea concentrations with no adverse effect on performance and nutrient digestibility.

Apoptotic induction of the water fraction of Pseuderanthemum palatiferum ethanol extract powder in Jurkat cells monitored by FTIR microspectroscopy

Apoptotic induction of the water fraction of Pseuderanthemum palatiferum ethanol extract powder in Jurkat cells monitored by FTIR microspectroscopy

Green extraction of polyphenolic-polysaccharide conjugates from Pseuderanthemum palatiferum (Nees) Radlk.: Chemical profile and anticoagulant activity

In this study, pressurized liquid extraction (PLE) of polyphenolic–polysaccharide (PP) from Pseuderanthemum palatiferum (Nees) Radlk. leaves was carried out and compared with a conventional technique using 0.1 M sodium hydroxide. The extracts were purified according to the method reported previously to obtain PP conjugates which were further studied about chemical profiles and anticoagulant activity. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), UV–Vis, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), gel permeation chromatography (GPC), and spectrophotometry analysis were used to characterize the selected PP conjugates. The results showed that PP conjugates comprised of carbohydrate, phenolic, and protein constituents with the yield ranged from 2.76% to 14.34%. Seven mono sugars containing in all conjugates were determined using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), namely, arabinose, fucose, galactose, glucose, mannose, rhamnose, and xylose. PP conjugates obtained from PLE at 150 °C (PP-PLE5) exhibited better anticoagulant activity than those found at 200 °C and comparable to that of the conventional technique. On gel permeation chromatography, PP-PLE5 showed a broad molecular mass from 6 to 642 kDa. From the obtained results, PLE can be used as a green effective technique for the recovery of PP conjugate from P. palatiferum leaves.

Gelatin-sodium alginate based films with Pseuderanthemum palatiferum (Nees) Radlk. freeze-dried powder obtained by subcritical water extraction

Abstract In the present study, gelatin-sodium alginate (GSA) based films were integrated with Pseuderanthemum palatiferum (Nees) Radlk. freeze-dried powder (PFP) obtained by subcritical water extraction. The influences of PFP at different concentrations on physical properties and antioxidant activity of GSA based films were investigated. Total phenolic content, antioxidant activity increased with the increase in PFP concentrations. Moisture content (MC) of films was not significantly different, water vapor permeability (WVP) decreased, while water solubility (WS) increased with the growth of PFP concentrations. Regarding mechanical properties, tensile strength (Ts) of GSA based films was improved; however, elongation at break (EAB) decreased when the content of PFP in film-forming solutions increased. GSA based films exhibited good microstructure, thermal resistance, and interaction between gelatin and phenolic compounds. From the obtained results, composite GSA based films blended with PFP can be potentially applied in the food packing to extend food shelf life.

Ảnh hưởng của chất chiết từ lá cây hoàn ngọc (Pseuderanthemum palatiferum (Wall.) Radlk) lên tăng trưởng và đáp ứng miễn dịch cá tra (Pangasianodon hypophthalmus)

This study was conducted to observe the impact of dietary supplementation of Pseuderanthemum palatiferum (Wall.) Radlk leaf extract on growth and non-specific immune response of striped catfish (Pangasianodon hypophthalmus). The experiment was randomly designed with 4 triplicated treatments including 0%, 0.02%, 0.1%, and 0.5% Pseuderanthemum palatiferum (Wall.) Radlk leaf extract. Total red blood cells, total white blood cells, lymphocytes, monocytes, neutrophils, thrombocytes and lysozyme activities were observed for immune responses at the 3rd and the 6th week post-feeding and the 3rd day post challenge with pathogenic bacteria. The results showed that the treatments of supplemented 0.02%, 0.1%, and 0.5% extract did not significantly affect the growth of striped catfish. The total red blood cell and total white blood cell counts significantly increased in supplemented extract treatments if compared to the control. After 6-week feeding, lysozyme activity was highest (90,7 mg/mL) in treatment of 0.5%. After challenge with Edwardsiella ictaluri, the results indicated that mortality rates in 0.1% and 0.5% treatments were lower than those of the control treatment. These results suggested that the supplemention of Pseuderanthemum palatiferum (Wall.) Radlk leaf extract in diets could improve the immune responses and reduce the mortality of striped catfish after being challenged with E. ictaluri.

Enzyme‐Assisted Extraction of Triterpenoid Saponins from Pseuderanthemum palatiferum (Nees) Radlk. Dry Leaf Powder and Bioactivities Examination of Extracts

AbstractTriterpenoid saponins were extracted from of Pseuderanthemum palatiferum (Nees) Radlk. dry leaf powder by using enzyme‐assisted extraction method. Effects of single factors on total saponins content (TSC) were investigated. Then, a full factorial design with two levels was conducted to screen the main factors affecting TSC. Two main factors as extraction temperature and time were determined. Response Surface Methodology with central composite design was used to study simultaneous effects of these factors on TSC. Results showed that the optimum conditions were 54.9 °C and 80.8 min. The extract under these conditions was tested with bioactivities. The extract had the haemolytic index of 256.74 mL, anti‐inflammatory activity with IC20 of 0.56 μg/mL, anti‐oxidation activity with IC50 values of DPPH, ABTS, and hydroxyl of 61.47, 1.42, and 30.33 μg/mL, respectively, and cytotoxicity on cancer cell line HepG2. Accordingly, triterpenoid saponins from Pseuderanthemum palatiferum (Nees) Radlk. could be considered as a valuable constituent.

Evaluation of Anti-inflammatory, Analgesic, and Antipyretic Activities of Pseuderanthemum palatiferum

Evaluation of Anti-inflammatory, Analgesic, and Antipyretic Activities of Pseuderanthemum palatiferum

&lt;i&gt;Pseuderanthemum palatiferum&lt;/i&gt; (Nees) Radlk extract induces apoptosis via reactive oxygen species-mediated mitochondria-dependent pathway in A549 human lung cancer cells

Purpose: To investigate the capacity of aqueous Pseuderanthemum paltiferum leaf extracts (PPA) to induce apoptosis in A549 human lung cancer cells and the possible mechanisms of action. Methods: Human lung cancer A549 cells were cultured in the presence of PPA (0 - 1000 μg/mL). Cell viability was assessed by MTT assay while morphological alterations in the cells were observed by Hoechst 33342/PI double staining. Intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels and subsequent changes of mitochondrial membrane potential were also investigated. Involvement of caspase-3 activation in the apoptotic pathway was determined. Results: PPA inhibited the growth of A549 cells in a concentration- and time-dependent manner. Major phenotypic apoptotic cell death was evidenced in microscopic images. Furthermore, treatment of A549 cells with PPA resulted in a significant increase in the production of ROS accompanied by attenuation of mitochondrial membrane potential, thus inducing the activation of caspase-3 activity ( p < 0.05). Conclusion: PPA exerts anti-cancer activity by suppression of cell viability and induction of ROSmediated mitochondrial dependent apoptosis in A549 cells, and may be a potential candidate for the development of a therapeutic agent for lung cancer. Keywords: Pseuderanthemum palatiferum , Apoptosis, Reactive oxygen species, Mitochondria, Lung cancer

OPTIMIZED EXTRACTION AND IMMUNOSTIMULATORY EFFECTS OF POLYSACCHARIDES FROM PSEUDERANTHEMUM PALATIFERUM (NEES) RADLK

Pseuderanthemum palatiferum (Ness) Radlk is a tree native of Vietnam with various use in traditional medicine. It has been used for the treatment of many diseases including wound, colitis, stomach-aches, trauma, high blood pressure, nephritis, diarrhoea. However, the research on effective constituents from P. palatiferum has mainly been focused on small-molecular compounds. Some compounds: flavonoids, phytol, palmitic acid, ß-sitosterol, triterpenoid saponin, stigmasterol and salicylic acid have been detected in leaves. Polysaccharides have attracted great attentions for its benefits to human health. Polysaccharides from natural sources have diverse anti-inflammatory, anticoagulant and wound healing activities. In this study, we extracted and determined the polysaccharide content from the leaves of P. palatiferum plant. The polysaccharide content in P. palatiferum leaves was 8.2% (± 0.65) in dry weight. The appropriate polysaccharide extraction conditions were determined as: 25% ethanol, material/solvent ratio (1g/10ml), extracted temperature of 70°C, extraction time 12 hours. The polysaccharide composition was purified by TCA 10%, with a purity of 77.8% (± 1.19). The immunostimulatory activities of polysaccharide XH were also examined in cyclophosphamide (CY)-induced immunosuppressed mice. Mice treated with polysaccharide XH exhibited increased white blood cell counts (p &lt; 0.05) compared with immunosuppressed mice. These results indicate that polysaccharide XH from P. palatiferum can enhance immune function in CY-induced immunosuppressed mice.

Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) determination of herbal extracts against Escherichia coli, Salmonella Typhimurium, and Staphylococcus aureus

The objective of this study was to determine the minimum inhibitoryconcentration (MIC) of crude extract from five medical herbs in Vietnam (Camellia sinensis, Eclipta prostrata L., Pseuderanthemum palatiferum, Psidium guajava, Azadirachta indica) against Escherichia coli ATCC25922, Salmonella Typhimurium, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC25923 by macro - dilution method. These results were the basis for the application of these herbs in the prevention and treatment of diseases in animals. The results showed that MICs of Camellia sinensis against E. coli, S. Typhimurium, and S. aureus were 8 - 16 mg/mL, 8 - 16 mg/mL, 0.5 mg/mL respectively; MICs of Eclipta prostrata L. against E. coli, S. Typhimurium, and S. aureus were 16 mg/mL, 16 mg/mL, 1 - 2 mg/mL respectively; MICs of Pseuderanthemum palatiferum against E. coli, S. Typhimurium and S. aureus were 8 mg/mL, 4 - 8 mg/mL, 2 - 4 mg/mL respectively; MICs of Psidium guajava against E. coli, S. Typhimurium and S. aureus were 16 mg/mL, 16 mg/mL, 0.125 - 0.25 mg/mL respectively and MICs of Azadirachta indica against E. coli, S. Typhimurium and S. aureus were more than 16 mg/mL.

Effect of Pseuderanthemum palatiferum (Nees) Radlk fresh leaf ethanolic extract on human breast cancer MDA-MB-231 regulated cell death.

Leaf extracts of Pseuderanthemum palatiferum (Nees) Radlk were investigated for their effects on human breast cancer MDA-MB-231 cell growth inhibition. Pseuderanthemum palatiferum (Nees) Radlk extracts were prepared using fresh or dried leaves and extracted by either water or 95% ethanol, respectively. Fresh leaf ethanolic extract was the most toxic to MDA-MB-231 cells measured by 3-(4,5-dimethyl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide assay. Fresh leaf ethanolic extract-treated MDA-MB-231 cell death was stained with propidium iodide and examined under fluorescence microscopy. Cell death was confirmed by annexin V-fluorescein isothiocyanate/propidium iodide and propidium iodide-stained cells employing flow cytometry. The mitochondrial transmembrane potential was disrupted in fresh leaf ethanolic extract-treated MDA-MB-231 cells and the percentage of cells with reduced mitochondrial transmembrane potential increased according to concentrations. Mitochondrial transmembrane potential-driven regulated cell deaths were in the form of both apoptosis and necrosis. Oxidative stress probe, 2',7'-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate, was used to indicate the redox status. Dichlorofluorescein level was significantly lower at high fresh leaf ethanolic extract concentrations. Total phenolic contents were found in all Pseuderanthemum palatiferum (Nees) Radlk extracts, whereas Ca2+ level in the cytosol increased, indicating Ca2+ overload and endoplasmic reticulum stress involvement with the activation of caspase-3, -8, and -9. In conclusion, fresh leaf ethanolic extract induced human breast cancer MDA-MB-231 programmed cell death via endoplasmic reticulum and oxidative stress by activating both extrinsic and intrinsic signaling pathways.

Anti-Gastric Ulcer Activity of the Water Extract from Payawanorn (Pseuderanthemum Palatiferum)

Objective: To examine the anti-gastric ulcer activity of Payawanorn (Psuderanthemum palatiferum) water extract (PPE) in rats.Material and Methods: Evaluation of anti-gastric ulcer activity of PPE was performed using three induced gastric ulcers models: (1) ethanol/hydrochloric acid (EtOH/HCl), (2) restraint water immersion stress and (3) indomethacin. Ulcer indices were determined by microscopic examination (10X). Pylorus ligation and gastric-wall mucus determination were used to investigate the mechanism of anti-gastric ulcer activity of PPE.Results: Oral administration of PPE (150, 300 and 600 mg/kg) significantly inhibited gastric ulcer formation induced by EtOH/HCl, by water immersion restraint stress, and by indomethacin in rats (p-value&lt;0.05). PPE at 600 mg/kg showed a high percent inhibition of gastric ulcer formation in all models. In the pylorus-ligated model, pretreatment with PPE had no effect on pH, acidity output or the gastric acid secretion rate, demonstrating that PPE lacks an anti-secretory effect. Gastric wall mucus was markedly preserved by pretreatment PPE at 600 mg/kg (18.91±2.57 μg alcian blue/g wet stomach) after ethanol-induced ulcer when compared to that the control group (12.38±1.02 μg alcian blue/ g wet stomach).Conclusion: PPE possesses an anti-gastric ulcer effect related to the preservation of gastric mucus, supporting the traditional use of P. palatiferum to treat gastric ulcers.

Anti-Gastric Ulcer Activity of the Water Extract from Payawanorn (Pseuderanthemum Palatiferum)

Objective: To examine the anti-gastric ulcer activity of Payawanorn (Psuderanthemum palatiferum) water extract (PPE) in rats.Material and Methods: Evaluation of anti-gastric ulcer activity of PPE was performed using three induced gastric ulcers models: (1) ethanol/hydrochloric acid (EtOH/HCl), (2) restraint water immersion stress and (3) indomethacin. Ulcer indices were determined by microscopic examination (10X). Pylorus ligation and gastric-wall mucus determination were used to investigate the mechanism of anti-gastric ulcer activity of PPE.Results: Oral administration of PPE (150, 300 and 600 mg/kg) significantly inhibited gastric ulcer formation induced by EtOH/HCl, by water immersion restraint stress, and by indomethacin in rats (p-value&lt;0.05). PPE at 600 mg/kg showed a high percent inhibition of gastric ulcer formation in all models. In the pylorus-ligated model, pretreatment with PPE had no effect on pH, acidity output or the gastric acid secretion rate, demonstrating that PPE lacks an anti-secretory effect. Gastric wall mucus was markedly preserved by pretreatment PPE at 600 mg/kg (18.91±2.57 μg alcian blue/g wet stomach) after ethanol-induced ulcer when compared to that the control group (12.38±1.02 μg alcian blue/ g wet stomach).Conclusion: PPE possesses an anti-gastric ulcer effect related to the preservation of gastric mucus, supporting the traditional use of P. palatiferum to treat gastric ulcers.

Pseuderanthemum palatiferum leaf extract inhibits the proinflammatory cytokines, TNF-α and IL-6 expression in LPS-activated macrophages

The anti-inflammatory potential and underlying mechanisms of an ethanol extract of Pseuderanthemum palatiferum (EEP) leaves was investigated using LPS-activated macrophages. Our results show EEP produced a concentration-dependent suppression of TNF-α and IL-6 secretion by LPS-activated mouse peritoneal macrophages. EEP also suppressed LPS-induced TNF-α and IL-6 protein and mRNA levels in mouse-derived myeloid cell line RAW264.7. To further elucidate the molecular mechanisms responsible for impaired TNF-α and IL-6 regulation by EEP, the activation of transcription factors, NF-κB, C/EBP, and AP-1, was monitored using electrophoretic mobility shift assays. EEP suppressed LPS-induced NF-κB DNA binding activity within both the TNF-α and IL-6 promoters in RAW264.7 cells with impairment being more pronounced in the IL-6 promoter. In addition, EEP exhibited a concentration-dependent suppression of C/EBP and AP-1 DNA binding activity within the IL-6 promoter. Concordantly, IL-6 luciferase promoter reporter activity was also suppressed by EEP in transiently transfected RAW264.7 cells, upon LPS activation. EEP analysis by GC-MS and HPLC DAD-MSD revealed the presence of β-sitosterol and various polyphenols, respectively, which are known to possess anti-inflammatory activity. Collectively, these results suggest that the anti-inflammatory effects of EEP are mediated, at least in part, by modulating TNF-α and IL-6 expression through impairment of NF-κB, C/EBP, and AP-1 activity.

Inhibitory actions of Pseuderanthemum palatiferum (Nees) Radlk. leaf ethanolic extract and its phytochemicals against carbohydrate-digesting enzymes

ObjectiveTo investigate the effects of the leaf ethanolic extract of Pseuderanthemum palatiferum (PPE) and its isolated phytochemicals, stigmasterol and sitosterol-3-O-β-d-glucopyranoside, against α-amylase and α-glucosidase enzyme activities both in vitro and in vivo. MethodsA concentration of maltose, which is a product released in α-amylase-catalyzing reaction, was used as an index of in vitro α-amylase activity. Meanwhile, in vitro α-glucosidase enzyme activity was indicated by the amount of liberated p-nitrophenol in α-glucosidase-catalyzing reaction. In vivo α-amylase and α-glucosidase enzyme activities were evaluated in the normal rats by using oral starch tolerance test and oral sucrose tolerance test, respectively. ResultsPPE exerted a concentration-dependent inhibitory action against both α-amylase and α-glucosidase in vitro with the IC50 values of (11.79 ± 8.10) mg/mL and (1.00 ± 0.11) mg/mL, respectively. Stigmasterol and sitosterol-3-O-β-d-glucopyranoside also exerted an in vitro α-amylase inhibition with the IC50 values of (59.41 ± 8.22) μg/mL and (111.19 ± 9.02) μg/mL, respectively. However, these phytochemicals did not produce a concentration-dependent inhibition against in vitro α-glucosidase activity. PPE and its isolated phytochemicals significantly decreased the blood glucose levels at t = 30 min in the oral starch tolerance test. From the sucrose tolerance test, only PPE but not its isolated phytochemicals significantly caused a depletion in the blood glucose levels at t = 30 min ConclusionsThese results indicate an inhibitory action against carbohydrate-digesting enzymes as the anti-diabetic mechanism of action of PPE. Nonetheless, further clinical study is required to justify its role in the treatment of diabetes.

English

Two major compounds, stigmasterol (ST) and sitosterol-3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (SG) were isolated from Pseuderanthemum palatiferum leaf extract which is used traditionally as an antidiabetic. ST and SG at doses of 0.25 and 0.50 mg/kg were fed to diabetic rats for 21 days, and the fasting blood glucose (FBG) level and biochemical data on day 0, 4, 7, 10, 14, 17 and 21 were determined and compared with the anti-diabetic drug, glibenclamine. FBG levels at all doses of ST and SG were significantly decreased (p<0.05) with a concomitant increase in serum insulin. SG at the dose of 0.50 mg/kg showed the highest hypoglycemic effect. ST and SG also improved the following biochemical data and hematology parameters such as total cholesterol, triglycerides, high density lipoprotein (HDL), low density lipoprotein (LDL), blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, red blood cells, platelet and white blood cells. Key words: Pseuderanthemum palatiferum, acanthaceae, stigmasterol, sitosterol-3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside;, hypoglycemic activity.