Pruning Time Research Articles

Growth Activity of Apple Trees Depending on the Method and Timing of Crown Pruning

Growth Activity of Apple Trees Depending on the Method and Timing of Crown Pruning

Production and quality of ‘Delite’ blueberry fruit under different pruning times

Production and quality of ‘Delite’ blueberry fruit under different pruning times

PENGARUH WAKTU DAN LETAK PEMANGKASAN DAUN TERHADAP PRODUKSI DAN KANDUNGAN GULA TANAMAN JAGUNG MANIS (Zea mays L. Saccharate Sturt)

The study aims to determine the effect of leaf pruning time on the production and sugar content of sweet corn plants, analyze the effect of the location of sweet corn leaf pruning that provides the best production and sugar content, and analyze the effect of the interaction between leaf pruning time and pruning location on the production and sugar content of sweet corn plants. The study was conducted in January - March 2024 in an experimental field at the Gowa Agricultural Development Polytechnic (POLBANGTAN) Campus, Romanglopoa Village, Bontomarannu District, Gowa Regency. This study was conducted using a randomized block design (RBD) consisting of two factors. The first factor is the pruning time which consists of 3 levels: Leaf pruning at the age of 30 Day After Planting (DAP); Leaf pruning at the age of 40 DAP; and Leaf pruning at the age of 50 DAP. The second factor is the location of leaf pruning which consists of 3 levels, namely: Pruning 3 upper leaves; Pruning 3 lower leaves, and Pruning 1 upper leaf and 2 lower leaves. The results showed that pruning the three upper leaves at the age of 50 DAP produced the weight of the cob with the heaviest husk of 420.00 g and was significantly different from other treatments at the same age. The treatment between pruning at the age of 50 DAP and pruning the three upper leaves significantly affected the characteristics of sweet corn cobs, namely the diameter of the cob with the highest husk reaching 50.72 mm. The treatment of pruning at the age of 50 DAP with pruning the three upper leaves also affected the sugar content, with a brix content value reaching 15%, which was significantly different from other treatments at the same age.

Influence of time of pruning, bahar treatment followed by chemical defoliation on Jasminum sambac (L.)

Influence of time of pruning, bahar treatment followed by chemical defoliation on Jasminum sambac (L.)

How pruning season affects the phenology of Vitis sp. cultivated in a semiarid climate

The pruning time for Vitis vinifera sp. is determined by environmental factors that affect the level of hormones in the plant and, consequently, control metabolic changes. Inducing meristematic activity and altering the phenology of the vine. However, a drastic reduction in the yield of excessively pruned vines has been observed with potential effects not only for the current season but also for subsequent seasons, due to the decrease in the plant's reserves. Thus, this review provides a comprehensive discussion on how pruning time affects the phenology of vines grown in a semi-arid climate, highlighting how environmental factors regulate vine growth in regions with a semi-arid climate, and which strategies can be used for cultivation in this region. Estimating the best pruning time encourages better practices and timely actions to improve vine productivity and grape quality. Therefore, this study provides important information for planning grapevine cultivation at different pruning times.

Hydrogen Cyanamide: A Chemical to Prepone Natural Budburst Timing of Grapevine Cultivars in Nepalese Context

Grapes primarily belongs to mediterranean climate but overtime due to successful vine management practices, its cultivation has been extended to sub-tropics and tropics. In Nepal, grape cultivation has been started about 8 decades ago, and the demand of this crop has been increasing every year. However, the critical challenge of heavy rainfall coinciding with the berry harvest period has limited the production window, necessitating innovative solutions. This study explores the potential of grape cultivation in Nepal by assessing significance of hydrogen cyanamide (HC) application to ensure early and uniform budburst and therefore fruit maturity before monsoon. Winter pruning and HC application at 2-5% concentration has been found effective in preponing budburst and maturity in some grapes varieties ‘Steuben’ and ‘Cabernet Sauvignon’ in Nepal, but the results depend on date and dose of HC application in particular variety and specific growing condition. Application of HC at 2% concentration has resulted in earlier budburst by about 3 weeks in var. Cabernet Sauvignon in Dhading, Nepal. Also, the earlier treatment of HC and pruning in comparison to normal time of pruning (December 15 to January 15) has resulted in earlier and higher budburst and observed fruitfulness in varieties like ‘Steuben’ and ‘Cabernet Sauvignon’ in warm temperate belt of Nepal. Thus, the study concludes the prepone of natural budburst is a must need practice for successful viticulture in terai and mid-hills of Nepal. It also emphasizes the need of more research to optimize the application of HC and ensure its efficacy in advancing budburst and maturity specific to variety and locality. Overall, the findings aim to inspire growers, enhance commercial viability, and contribute valuable insights to the viticulture sector in Nepal.

Characteristics of the phyllosphere microbial community and its relationship with major aroma precursors during the tobacco maturation process.

Numerous bacteria, fungi and other microorganisms in the tobacco phyllosphere interstellar area participate in the physiological metabolism of plants by interacting with the host. However, there is currently little research on the characteristics of tobacco phyllosphere microbial communities, and the correlation between tobacco phyllosphere microbial communities and phyllosphere factor indicators is still unknown. Therefore, high-throughput sequencing technology based on the 16S rRNA/ITS1 gene was used to explore the diversity and composition characteristics of tobacco phyllosphere bacterial and fungal communities from different maturation processes, and to identify marker genera that distinguish phyllosphere microbial communities. In this study, the correlations between tobacco phyllosphere bacterial and fungal communities and the precursors of major aroma compounds were explored. The results showed that as the tobacco plants matured, the density of glandular trichomes on the tobacco leaves gradually decreased. The surface physicochemical properties of tobacco leaves also undergo significant changes. In addition, the overall bacterial alpha diversity in the tobacco phyllosphere area increased with maturation, while the overall fungal alpha diversity decreased. The beta diversity of bacteria and fungi in the tobacco phyllosphere area also showed significant differences. Specifically, with later top pruning time, the relative abundances of Acidisoma, Ralstonia, Bradyrhizobium, Alternaria and Talaromyces gradually increased, while the relative abundances of Pseudomonas, Filobassidium, and Tausonia gradually decreased. In the bacterial community, Acidisoma, Ralstonia, Bradyrhizobium, and Alternaria were significantly positively correlated with tobacco aroma precursors, with significant negative correlations with tobacco phyllosphere trichome morphology, while Pseudomonas showed the opposite pattern; In the fungal community, Filobasidium and Tausonia were significantly negatively correlated with tobacco aroma precursors, and significantly positively correlated with tobacco phyllosphere trichome morphology, while Alternaria showed the opposite pattern. In conclusion, the microbiota (bacteria and fungi) and aroma precursors of the tobacco phyllosphere change significantly as tobacco matures. The presence of Acidisoma, Ralstonia, Bradyrhizobium and Alternaria in the phyllosphere microbiota of tobacco may be related to the aroma precursors of tobacco.

The productivity of apple trees of the Jonaveld variety depends on the method and timing of crown pruning

The productivity of apple trees of the Jonaveld variety depends on the method and timing of crown pruning

Enhancing Uniform Sprouting, Yield, and Quality in Grapevines: The Impact of Hydrogen Cyanamide (50% S.L) Treatment

Grape (Vitis vinifera L.) is considered as one of the most important commercial fruit crops in temperate, tropical and subtropical regions of the world. In India grape cultivation in tropical and subtropical regions assumes great significance, but one of the biggest issues preventing grapes from being produced in warm climates has been the lack of or insufficient winter chilling. Under these circumstances, there is uneven bud bursting, flowering, and delayed fruit development. The most crucial component of grape development is, consistent bud breaking is required to increase grape quality and maturity. Many plant growth regulators are used to promote bud burst and increase the proportion of bud break. Several locations across the world utilize plant growth regulators to intentionally cause bud break. The application of Hydrogen Cyanamide (H2CN2) during pruning time of grapes, helps to enhance growth uniformity, encourage earlier and more even bud break, raises the proportion of fruit buds, berry set, number of clusters per vine, weight of clusters, and dimensions of clusters. It also gives positive response to various metabolic activities; maximize yield and Maturity, Fruit quality, as well as production efficiency. In grape orchards, it is commonly used to promote consistent and improved bud burst, shortened flowering period, and boost output.

Influence of pruning times on the phenology of the Sauvignon Blanc vine

The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of pruning times on the phenology of the Sauvignon Blanc vine in the 2022/2023 cycle. The treatments were four pruning times based on the winter solstice (T1 33 days before the solstice, T2, T3 and T4, two, 33 and 63 days after, respectively), evaluating phenology: beginning and end of budding (B and FB ), beginning and end of flowering (IF and FF), beginning and end of maturation (IM and FM); percentage of bud sprouting and duration of phenological sub-periods. The treatments demonstrated that they did not influence the phenological stages, presenting similar results or differences of just one or two days in relation to the control. The percentage of bud sprouting was lower for T4. The duration of the total cycle was varied by one day for early pruning. It is possible to extend the pruning period and stagger the activity.

Pengaruh Penyemprotan Monokalium Fosfat dan Pemangkasan Pucuk terhadap Pertumbuhan dan Hasil Produksi Tanaman Cabai Rawit (Capsicum frustescens L.) pada Hidroponik Sistem Dutch Bucket

Cayenne pepper plant (Capsicum frustences L.) is a plant that is synonymous with its spicy taste, so consumption needs are increasing. However, production of cayenne pepper plants has decreased due to a decrease in land conversion and climate influences. Application of hydroponic dutch bucket system and monopotassium phosphate (MKP) spraying as well as shoot pruning techniques at certain times to increase production. This research aims to determine the effect of MKP spraying and shoot pruning on the growth and production of cayenne pepper plants using the dutch bucket hydroponic system. The experimental design used two factorsthree test. The first factor is variation in concentration of MKP administration, with 3 levels. The second factor is the pruning time with 3 levels so that there are 27 experimental units. The data is then analyzed and evaluated using analysis of Variance (ANOVA). Each observed variable is analyzed separately and significant differences between average values are based on tests Duncan Multiple Range Test (DMRT) with a confidence level of 95%. The results show for the stem diameter variable, the monopotassium phosphate spraying treatment gave very significantly different results and shoot pruning gave significantly different results.The combination of monopotassium phosphate spraying treatment with a dose of 4 g/liter and a shoot pruning time of 21 days after planting (M3N2) gave the highest results for the variables of stem diameter, number of flowers to fruit, number of fruit, and fruit weight.

НАГРУЗКА КУСТОВ БЕССЕМЯННЫХ СОРТОВ ВИНОГРАДА ПОБЕГАМИ И ГРОЗДЯМИ: ОБЗОР

The article considers the issue of loading bushes of seedless grape varieties with shoots and bunches in the world practice. The analysis is presented on the timing and length of pruning shoots, the load of bush by shoots, the load of bushes by bunches and methods for regulating the compactness of bunches of seedless grape varieties. The timing of pruning regulates the growth strength of shoots and the maturation time of early seedless grape varieties. Experiments on the timing of pruning often combined with subsequent treatment with growth regulators to increase yields. The length of the pruning of shoots affects the condition and death of the buds, the timing of the passage of phenological phases, productivity and quality of seedless varieties. Variety specificity and pruning dependence are noted: some varieties prefer short pruning (Perlett in India, White Seedless and Red Seedless in Iran), some – long (Beauty Seedless in India, Kishmish Batir in Uzbekistan, etc.). With an increase in the number of shoots per bush, yield capacity increase, however, the quality of grapes decreases, which also happens when the load of bunches increases. For the Jumba Seedless variety, despite the high performance with a low load of bushes with bunches, a higher one is recommended for an optimal ratio of productivity and quality. Thinning of bunches is also a common technique for regulating yield and quality, however, it is necessary to take into account the timing of thinning – too early removal of part of the inflorescences can lead to the formation of an excessively loose bunch, as in the BRS Vitoria variety in Brazil. Studies of the load of bushes of seedless grape varieties with shoots and bunches are relevant, especially in view of modern climate changes and increasing demand for high-quality products. Such studies are few in number in Russia, which requires closer study for the development of table seedless viticulture.

EFECTUL PERIOADEI DE TĂIERE ASUPRA RANDAMENTULUI ȘI A MĂRIMII FRUCTELOR LA SOIURILE DE CIREȘ STELLA ȘI SKEENA, ALTOITE PE MAXMA 14

EFECTUL PERIOADEI DE TĂIERE ASUPRA RANDAMENTULUI ȘI A MĂRIMII FRUCTELOR LA SOIURILE DE CIREȘ STELLA ȘI SKEENA, ALTOITE PE MAXMA 14

Ameliorate chemical quality through different pruning time, pruning intensity and bagging of fruit in Mrig Bahar guava cv. Sardar (L-49)

Ameliorate chemical quality through different pruning time, pruning intensity and bagging of fruit in Mrig Bahar guava cv. Sardar (L-49)

Canopy Manipulation for Production of Winter Guava (Psidium guajava L.) in the Eastern Himalayan Region of India

Elimination of rainy-season crops is pivotal to encourage winter crops in guava. In general, rainy-season guava fruits are of poor fruit quality, insipid in taste, have poor shelf life, and mostly affected by many insect pests. Pruning is also considered one of the most eco-friendly methods for crop regulation. To fully comprehend the impact of pruning time and severity on flowering, fruit quality, and crop production, a field experiment was carried out. Three alternative pruning times (mid-April, mid-May, and mid-June) at different pruning levels (low, moderate and heavy pruning) were employed in the experiment, which was designed as two-factor factorial RBD. For obtaining optimal fruiting, size of fruit and quality of fruit attributes, mid-May pruning has proven to be the best time for guava pruning. Whereas, concerning pruning severity, moderate pruning (pruning 1/2 of the current season’s shoot length) showed a good response to yield and fruit quality parameters. Therefore, the present study concluded that moderate pruning of guava trees during the month of mid-May proved to be the most effective for producing winter-season guava with good yield and superior quality.

Flowering in Mogra (Jasminum sambac) var. local influenced by time and severity of pruning

Flowering in Mogra (Jasminum sambac) var. local influenced by time and severity of pruning

Prohexadione calcium as a tool to reduce winter pruning in peach tree cultivar Eragil

This work evaluated the efficiency and feasibility of applying calcium prohexadione (PCA) at different times to control the vegetative growth and qualitative aspects of the peach tree cultivar Eragil. The experiment was carried out in the 2021/2022 season in a commercial orchard in the municipality of Ipê, RS. Treatments consisted of applications of PCA at a fixed dose of 20 mL·100 L-1 at different stages of development, as shown: T1 – control (no application); T2 – application in petal fall; T3 – application at petal fall + application 30 DAA (days after the first application); T4 – application after green pruning; T5 – application after green pruning + application 30 DAA; T6 – application at petal fall + application 30 DAA + application 60 DAA. The experimental design was in randomized blocks, with six treatments and four replications. Each plot consisted of four plants; the two central plants were considered useful. Effective fruiting increased in T3. In the evaluations of the number of pruned branches, length of branches, and weight of branches per plant, all results were smaller in T2. In the assessments of number of buds, internode length, and pruning time per hectare, there was also a significant difference, and in the number of buds, T6 had the smallest number. The internode length was the greatest in T3, and the shortest pruning time stood out in T4. Calcium prohexadione effectively controlled the vegetative growth of Eragil peach and can be directed to large areas of the peach crop when labor for pruning is scarce.

THE IMPACT OF THE PRUNING TIME ON THE BIOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF CHERRY VARIETIES GRAFTED ON MAXMA 14

Pruning is a basic procedure in the sweet cherry trees cultivation, which significantly affects the yield and quality of the fruit. The objective of this study was to examine the influence of the pruning time on the biological properties of sweet cherry trees (Prunus avium L.). The orchard in which the research was carried out was established in the central area of the Republic of Moldova in the fall of 2012. The Kordia and Regina sweet cherries, grafted on MaxMa 14, whose crowns had a naturally improved reduced volume, were planted at a distance of 5 x 3 m. The maintenance and fruiting pruning of the sweet cherry trees were done during the dormant and vegetation phases as follows. The flowering and fruit ripening time, the trunk cross-sectional area (TCSA), the number of fruiting buds and the fruit weight and yield were studied. The results showed that the pruning time had had a significant impact on the yield. The data on the yield of the Kordia and Regina sweet cherry varieties grafted on MaxMa 14 are promising and prove that the pruning done in the first decade of September has a positive effect on the fruit yield.

The influence of the summer pruning on ‘Fuji’ apples storage under controlled atmosphere

This study aimed to evaluate the effect of the summer pruning time in ‘Fuji’ apple trees on the quality of fruit at harvest and after storage in controlled atmosphere with extremely low O2 (CA-ELO) (0.5 kPa O2). The treatments evaluated were summer pruning in December, January, and February, in addition to a control treatment (without summer pruning). The experiment was carried out in the 2018/2019 and 2019/2020 growing seasons. The fruit were evaluated at harvest and after eight months of CA-ELO (0.5 kPa O2 + <0.5 kPa CO2/1.5 ± 0.2°C/92 ± 2% RH) storage, at chamber opening, and after 7 days of shelf-life at 23 ± 3°C and 60 ± 5% RH. The quality of the fruit was evaluated through of soluble solids, flesh firmness, titratable acidity, fruit color, and physiological disorder incidence (sunburn and flesh browning), in addition to enzymatic activity and concentration of functional compounds. There was no significant effect of the summer pruning time on fruit flesh firmness, soluble solids, titratable acidity, and rot incidence after storage under CA-ELO plus 7 days of shelf life. Summer pruning in February resulted in fruit with higher peel red color development, which in general contains a higher concentration of functional compounds at harvest (total phenolic compounds and total antioxidant activity), and lower flesh browning incidence in ‘Fuji’ apples stored under CA-ELO. The nitrogen (N) concentration and nitrogen/calcium ratio (N/Ca) in the second growing season were lower in fruit from plants pruned in February, compared to no summer pruning or earlier pruning. The superoxide dismutase and peroxidase enzyme activity were lower in fruit from treatments with summer pruning in January and February, whereas the polyphenol oxidase enzyme activity was lower when summer pruning was conducted in February.

The Growth Activity and Productivity of Apple Trees Depending on the Form of the Crown and the Time of Pruning

Abstract The apple tree is the most common fruit crop in the temperate climate zone. Modern intensive fruit cultivation involves the use of new, highly productive cultivars and cultivation technologies, thanks to the creation of small crown shapes with an increased number of trees per hectare. Reducing planting patterns and creating more dense plantation systems can significantly improve their yields. However, the limiting factor that can reduce tree productivity and deteriorate fruit quality is the degree of crown illumination. Ensuring even access of sunlight to all parts of the crown is the main task in the formation and pruning trees. The study aimed to determine the effect of crown pruning at BBCH 0 (winter) and BBCH 74 (early summer) and various types of crown formation on the growth activity and productivity of ‘Fuji’ and ‘Honeycrisp’ apple trees. A significant decrease (20%) in the number of newly formed shoots in the form of the French axis crown compared to the ballerina and slender spindle crowns was found. However, their length and total growth were significantly higher. The formation of the ballerina crown (with the removal of overgrown wood in the 25 cm zone on the central conductor above the lower tier of semi-cross-branched branches) contributed to a decrease in shoot length and total growth. The introduction of crown pruning in the summer also improved crown illumination – shoot length decreased by 17% and total growth by 12%. Specific productivity per bole cross-section and total shoot length was the highest in ballerina crown trees, followed by trees with a slender spindle crown, and trees pruned in winter and summer.