Provision Of Security Research Articles

DECISION MAKING SUPPORT MODELS IN THE MANAGEMENT OF ENTERPRISES AT NETWORK STRUCTURES: SECURITY KNOWLEDGE BASE

In modern conditions one of most relevant aspects the ensuring effective functioning of enterprises at network structures, as well the formation of positive results its economic activity in the context of security science, is the implementation of decision-making in the management of the network system. A complex of mathematical methods and decision support models in the management of enterprises at network structures has been developed, which will allow to optimize the activity of network systems taking into account security guidelines. The scientific problems of the system at network enterprises include the following stages: the study of the competitive environment and the study of influencing factors; development of an approach to assessing the impact of network business competitiveness; development of a set optimization models and methods of managing enterprises at network structures. On the basis of this, it was established that the provision of economic security is the main vector the formation of approaches to the calculation of relevant economic and mathematical characteristics at network enterprises, taking into account external and internal influencing factors.

Historical retrospects of ensuring financial and tax security of the state (domestic and foreign experience)

The paper states that there is no codified legislation in our country that would regulate legal relations in the field of financial security of the state. Existing regulations regulate only certain aspects of providing a safe space. The modern conversion of current legislation in the security sphere, which remains imperfect to this day, is analyzed. Its future depends on how legally, professionally and effectively the legal mechanisms for ensuring the financial security of the state will be formed. Financial security is a criterion for the effective functioning of the state. Without proper provision of financial security, in practice, it is impossible to solve any of the tasks facing the state. It is always necessary to pay attention to the financial security of the state, but especially in times of economic restructuring, the transition to a new economic and financial development strategy, when it is necessary to form and use huge amounts of financial resources. Note that the disconnection between transnational capital and the national community, the state with its territory and population, destroys the social obligations of capital. Even in the most economically developed states of the world, this trend is developing, but the power of Western economies and the preservation of certain value-ideological foundations allow for the time being to maintain and strive to maintain social harmony within the framework of their national communities. Having analyzed the genesis of regulatory and legal provision of financial security, it was concluded that in the given conditions for the development of science it is necessary to apply a synthesis of definitions of "financial security of the state", a systematic approach to understanding the essence of such a difficult structured phenomenon as security in its various manifestations: financial, economic, national , to transfer creative scientific potential to the legal field with the aim of forming a balanced systemic legal basis, which will provide an opportunity to form an effective mechanism for ensuring the financial security of the state. The task of security during data transmission through local, distributed or global networks against accidental or intentional change, destruction, disclosure, as well as unauthorized use is solved separately. The existence of financial security of the state is the activity of the state as a whole and its parts, it should be aimed at comprehensive development of the financial sphere.

Food–energy–water nexus optimization brings substantial reduction of urban resource consumption and greenhouse gas emissions

Abstract Urban sustainability is a key to achieving the UN sustainable development goals (SDGs). Secure and efficient provision of food, energy, and water (FEW) resources is a critical strategy for urban sustainability. While there has been extensive discussion on the positive effects of the FEW nexus on resource efficiency and climate impacts, measuring the extent to which such synergy can benefit urban sustainability remains challenging. Here, we have developed a systematic and integrated optimization framework to explore the potential of the FEW nexus in reducing urban resource demand and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Demonstrated using the Metropolis Beijing, we have identified that the optimized FEW nexus can reduce resource consumption and GHG emissions by 21.0 and 29.1%, respectively. These reductions come with increased costs compared to the siloed FEW management, but it still achieved a 16.8% reduction in economic cost compared to the business-as-usual scenario. These findings underscore the significant potential of FEW nexus management in enhancing urban resource efficiency and addressing climate impacts, while also identifying strategies to address trade-offs and increase synergies.

Securitizing migration in times of crisis: private actors and the provision of (in)security

Securitizing migration in times of crisis: private actors and the provision of (in)security

Informational and legal characteristics of the main components of the state security sector

The article is devoted to the study of the informational and legal characteristics of the main components of the national security sector of the state. It is noted that the category “national security” reflects the qualitative state of the regulation of social relations in the state and emphasizes the fact that the security of the state consists in ensuring national identification. It has been established that the provision of state security is structured through the differentiation of national security by sector-specific (includes: military security, public security, state security, cyber security, foreign policy security, environmental security, information security) and subject characteristics (includes the activities of authorized subjects). The concept of “state security sector” is defined as a set of legal relations, the content of which is the activity of authorized subjects to ensure national security as a whole, and in certain differentiated directions. Amendments to the Law of Ukraine “On National Security” are proposed.
 Attention is focused on the fact that the information and legal characteristics of the state security sector are an integral component of the national security of the state as a whole and its individual components. The importance of eliminating information threats has institutionalized a separate area of state security - information security. It was established that cyber security is an independent component of state security derived from information security, which emerged as a result of the development of digital technologies and the spread of the use of information and telecommunication systems for the purposes of information dissemination.
 The institutional system of ensuring information security is singled out, which is formed from a set of authorized subjects, which are grouped depending on their legal status and available powers in the field of information security as follows: 1) state bodies authorized to ensure national security; 2) bodies of executive power, which are empowered in the specified sphere of public relations; 3) law enforcement agencies; 4) auxiliary entities that can carry out separate activities aimed at ensuring information security.

Japan’s economic security strategy: Securitization of China’s rising economic power?

The concept of economic security has received special attention from the Japanese government since 2019: several specialized state agencies have been created, and in May 2022 the Diet approved the Act on Provision of Economic Security. Economic security-related notions have also been included in the new National Security Strategy, published in December 2022. In this document, economic security is defined as protection of ‘Japan’s national interests, such as peace, security, and economic prosperity, by carrying out economic measures.’ It shall be noted that the current understanding of economic security is different from the one previously assumed, which was largely concerned with the provision of natural resources and food. We observe the concrete measures proposed in connection with the concept of economic security and highlight that the new understanding of the concept has been introduced in relation to the ongoing trade war between the U.S. and China, in which Japan supports the U.S. in its efforts against the certain advanced-tech companies from China. From the point of view of the securitization theory, claims that certain industries of the PRC’s economy present a threat to Japan’s security could be seen as ‘speech-acts’ aiming to legitimize the employment of extraordinary political measures. We emphasize that the apparent success of such speech-acts is grounded in the Japanese experts’ assessment that there are emergent technologies with the possibility of dual commercial and military use. In conclusion, we examine the securitization of China’s economy by the Japanese government in its current regional and global context and argue that it could be interpreted both as a signal to the U.S. and as an attempt to gain leverage in the competition between the Japanese and the Chinese infrastructural projects in the Asia-Pacific.

Towards a Populous Future, Policy Solutions and Prospects in Iran's Population Sphere: A Policy Brief

Background: The population of any country plays a crucial role in its economic, social, cultural, and political development. A young population enhances the workforce and economic dynamism of the country. Changes in lifestyle and a series of population, economic, and political policies in recent years have exposed Iran to the risk of population aging and demographic warnings from social researchers. The situation is such that population experts unanimously believe that if the current trend of increasing births and population growth continues, the country will face a major population crisis in the next 30 years. The present study examined the challenges and policy solutions in the field of Iran's population, considering a densely populated future. Considering the age pyramid between 1990 and 2000, Iran has experienced significant population growth, providing an effective and active workforce for the country. According to statistical models, Iran's population is projected to age significantly by 2030 and 2050. The complex issue of increasing fertility and population growth requires comprehensive and balanced measures. Promoting public awareness, financial support for families, social security provision, gender balance, housing facilities, population research, rural development, and collaboration with non-governmental organizations can be considered appropriate policies to increase fertility in Iran. The population issue should not be politicized, with some opposing and others supporting it; everyone should collaborate to address this significant gap. Considering the serious concerns and warnings of the Supreme Leader regarding population aging and the expressed concerns about the decline in population and the inadequacy of the current situation, policies for increasing fertility and population growth are on the agenda. However, all organizations, agencies, and individuals who can contribute to the realization of these policies must actively and seriously participate.

Issues of Information and Ideological Security: Experience for Uzbekistan

The article discusses issues of theoretical and practical provision of information and ideological security. The experience of foreign countries has been studied, regulatory documents that ensure the information and ideological security of various states have been analyzed. In modern international relations, information wars, i.e. the principle of “defeating the enemy without fighting” is playing an increasingly important role. Leading countries of the world paid attention to information wars in the early 1960s. With the development of information technology and social networks, methods of waging information wars have expanded. Nowadays, information resources are more important than military ones. Thus, studying the experience and methods of foreign countries makes it possible to create effective countermeasures. It is very important to study the experience of foreign countries and identify the main directions of information attacks in relation to Uzbekistan.

Redefining NATO’s Indo-Pacific partnerships: cooperative security meets collective defence and deterrence

ABSTRACT When the 2010 Strategic Concept first established NATO’s partnerships as essential in the core task of cooperative security, global partnerships were primarily intended to support non-Article 5 contingencies. However, given the structural changes in the international system, NATO’s partnerships outside the Euro-Atlantic area are adapting to respond to the new security challenges. This article examines the evolution of NATO’s partnerships in the Indo-Pacific and offers insights into future developments. There is a clear alignment between the Alliance and the Indo-Pacific Four (IP4) in the way they diagnose the interconnectedness of security developments of their respective regions. Both sides increasingly see these partnerships as significant for their own defence and deterrence, rather than as instruments in pooling resources in the provision of security for third parties.

System-wide and targeted principles of legal provision of national tax security

The principles, acting as the basis of any social system, are of particular importance for the legal provision of national tax security as a systematic public management activity carried out in a legal form and aimed at countering threats to the accumulation of tax revenues. The importance of principles is not limited to their ontological, axiological, epistemological and pedagogical roles, but also manifests itself in purely applied functions: conflictological, hermeneutic and directly regulatory. The principles of legal provision of national tax security are defined as ideas and attitudes that form conceptual and organizational basis for the emergence, modification and termination of legal relations that develop inside and outside the system of public administration. Such relations are concerned with receiving into the budget system such an amount of taxes that corresponds to the planned, taking into account the need for full financing of the functions and tasks of the state both in the current period and for the purposes of long-term development. The following groups of principles of legal provision of national tax security are identified: system-wide, targeted, functional, organizational and procedural. Two groups of principles that determine the functioning of all subsystems of administrative activities to ensure the national tax security are described in detail: system-wide and targeted. The first group includes legality; systematic and comprehensive application by public authorities of measures to ensure tax security; priority of public interests while taking into account the legitimate interests of individuals; mutual responsibility of the state and the individual; priority of preventive measures to ensure tax security. The following principles are targeted: the adequacy of administrative activities in tax and related areas to the nature and scale of threats; effectiveness, continuity and timeliness of legal response to threats; avoiding the creation of risks and uncertainty by state actions; support for innovative development.

Information security in the Union State: the universal legal dimension

The subject of the study forms a set of legal norms of normative legal acts of the Russian Federation, the Republic of Belarus and the interstate association of the Union State of the Russian Federation and the Republic of Belarus, international treaties(agreements) regulating public relations in the field of information security, law enforcement practice, foreign experience of legal regulation, as well as provisions theoretical interdisciplinary research in this field. The object of the study is public relations related to the legal provision of information security in the Union State. The Russian Federation and the Republic of Belarus in the context of new challenges and threats, as well as digital transformation and geopolitical changes. The analysis indicates a certain experience of scientific research in this field. At the same time, in the context of significant changes in socio-economic and foreign policy conditions, new challenges and threats, multi-vector scientific research in the information and legal sphere is necessary. The methodological basis of this study is a system of modern general scientific and private law methods. The study of the formation, development, place and role of the legal provision of information security of the Union State of the Russian Federation and the Republic of Belarus was conducted using the following general scientific methods: analysis and synthesis, abstraction and modeling, generalization, description, etc. The main conclusions of this study were the following proposals, it is necessary to develop and approve the conceptual framework for the legal provision of information security for the development of regional interstate cooperation within the framework of the Union State of the Republic of Belarus and the Russian Federation. This is important for solving the tasks of ensuring national and international information security, implementing agreements within the framework of regional interstate associations and further forming a system of universal public law mechanisms for ensuring information security. At the same time, the strategic legal acts of the Union State in the field of information security are dynamic in nature due to changes in social and political relations, including at the international level. There is a growing tendency to perceive the information space not only as an area requiring the use of exclusively protective measures of influence, but also involving active offensive measures to the extent necessary to protect national interests.

Boko Haram Terrorism and Development Challenges in the Northeastern Nigeria

The study examines the challenges that hinder development in the Northeast, of Nigeria as a result of the activities of the Boko Haram insurgency. Mixed methods techniques of data collection were adopted to elicit both quantitative and qualitative data using (structured questionnaires) and qualitative (in-depth interviews. A total of 470 respondents were sampled using the Morgan and Krejcie (1970) sample size table. The quantitative data obtained were analysed using both descriptive and inferential statistics while Interpretive Phenomenological Analysis (IPA) was employed for the analysis of the qualitative data. The study found that the Boko Haram violence had adversely affected the development and commercial activities of the areas studied. The destruction of markets, and government buildings, killings and abductions of business owners led to dire developmental challenges. Also, the study found that there was mismanagement of relief materials/assistance for the affected persons, lack of access to food, healthcare services and hygienic facilities in the affected communities and recurrent attacks by the Boko Haram members have hampered any development to take place in the study areas. This study suggests that the reopening of markets, provision of security, pro-poor social investment programs, introduction of surveillance technology, protection of farmers and exploration of natural resources endowed in the areas will rejuvenate the economic and social fortunes of the areas surveyed in this study.

Effects of Women Vulnerability in Wassa Internally Displaced Persons’ Camp in Abuja, Federal Capital Territory, Nigeria

This study examines the effects of women vulnerability in the management of the Internally Displaced Persons (IDPs) in Wassa Camp Abuja, Federal Capital Territory. Intersectionality Gender theory and Human Needs theory were utilized. The paper adopted both primary and secondary methods of data collection. For primary data, the paper administered 120 Questionnaires, out of which 100 were returned: for 60 women and 40 men. 7 Key Informant Interviews were also conducted with management staff of the camp, including security operatives assigned to the camp. Simple statistical tools and content analysis were used to analyse the data. The secondary data consulted books, journals, newspapers, reports of NGOs and internet materials. Simple statistical tools and descriptive content analysis were used to present the data. The findings revealed that the strategies deployed in the management of the camp include aligning with the National Policy on IDPs, construction of makeshift tents as shelters, partnership with NGOs, occasional rationing of food and provision of security. It was further discovered that the management strategies adopted by the IDP have negative impacts on women within the facility in terms of discomforting sheltering, health related concerns, maternal mortality, sexual harassment and exploitation. Some of the measures that have been put in place by the management of the camp and government (FCTA) include proposal to relocate the camp to another conducive environment, increase in supply of essential materials and consumables, improvement in partnerships with NGOs and other stakeholders and introduction of schools for the children. This study concluded that despite the efforts of stakeholders at addressing some of the challenges cited above, their negative impacts on women still largely persist. It is therefore recommended that state and non-state actors, being the stakeholders should always conduct thorough gender-sensitive needs assessment in the camp to better understand the unique challenges and vulnerabilities being faced by women.

What medical specialists want to stay in remote areas of Indonesia: Discrete choice experiments.

The equitable distribution of medical specialists in Indonesia's remote areas remains a challenge. This study investigated the preferences of medical specialists regarding retention programs aimed at addressing this issue. A Discrete Choice Experiment (DCE) was utilized to collect stated preferences from 341 medical specialist working in district general hospitals across 10 Indonesian provinces. The DCE retention questionnaire focused on eight key characteristics: location, medical facilities, net income, continuing professional development program, security, length of commitment, source of incentives, and caseload. The study found that the most influential factors for retention in remote areas were security guarantees from the local government (OR = 6.11), fully funded continuing professional development programs (OR = 2.84), and access to advanced medical facilities (OR = 2.35). The findings indicate that a comprehensive intervention package, with a particular emphasis on security provisions, is necessary to retain medical specialists in remote areas. Financial incentives are also recommended to improve retention. However, it is crucial to acknowledge that no single intervention will suffice, as the factors influencing specialist retention in remote areas of Indonesia are complex and multifaceted.

How the Energy Transition Is Imposing New Strains on US-Saudi Relations

The energy transition is initiating long-term oil market trends that look likely to undermine the strategic importance of oil-producing countries for the US government. The trends suggest US voters and future US administrations will be less exposed to price swings and other risks in the global oil market. Diminishing risk exposure, in turn, reduces imperatives for US policymakers to spend so heavily on security provision in the Persian Gulf, or to resolve diplomatic rifts with major producers such as Saudi Arabia. Saudi policy changes since 2016, and the reduced willingness to use spare production capacity in ways that benefit Washington, may have amplified a pre-existing appetite for such a downgrade.

ПРИНЦИПИ РОЗВИТКУ ІНФОРМАЦІЙНОГО ЗАБЕЗПЕЧЕННЯ ЛОГІСТИЧНИХ ПРОЦЕСІВ У ТОРГІВЛІ

he development of information support for logistical processes in trade encompasses various aspects aimed at optimizing and improving their efficiency. However, issues such as system instability or obsolescence, software deficiencies, and limited compatibility among them can complicate the implementation of new technologies. The increasing volume of digital information requires security measures to preserve data confidentiality and integrity. Based on a thorough analysis of the key principles of developing information support for logistical processes in trade, it has been demonstrated that the integration of technologies, digital transformation, openness, standardization, analytics, forecasting, flexibility, scalability, security provision, mobility, as well as collaboration and data exchange are crucial principles for successful supply chain management. These principles are interrelated and complementary creating a solid foundation for enhancing efficiency, optimizing costs, and improving customer satisfaction. It is argued that implementing these principles enables companies to quickly adapt to changes in market conditions, effectively respond to challenges in the modern business environment, and ensure a high level of competitiveness. This is made possible by optimizing logistical processes, reducing order processing time, improving demand forecasting accuracy, and ensuring supply continuity. It is argued that the successful implementation of these principles requires companies not only to adopt advanced technologies but also to be prepared for cultural changes, including openness to innovation, willingness to collaborate, and data exchange among all participants in the logistics chain. Through this, companies can create an efficient, flexible, and secure logistics system capable of meeting the needs of the modern market and ensuring high customer satisfaction. The development of information support for logistical processes in trade, based on the principles of technology integration, digital transformation, flexibility, and other key aspects, forms the basis for increasing efficiency, reducing costs, and improving service. Collaboration and data exchange provide companies with the ability to quickly adapt to market changes, optimize supply chains, and ensure competitiveness. The use of modern technologies and approaches, including mobility and data security provision, plays a crucial role in creating an effective and reliable logistics system.

Індустріальні парки Львівської агломерації: стан, досвід, перспективи

The article is devoted to the study of the status and prospects for the development of industrial parks in the Lviv agglomeration, as well as the analysis of foreign experience in the functioning of industrial parks in agglomerations. The relevance of measures to implement the State Strategy for Regional Development for 2021–2027 regarding the support of territories such as agglomerations is argued, this is evidenced by the institutional arrangement of the Lviv agglomeration even in times of war. It is noted that when creating a modern model of reindustrialization in Ukraine with a focus on exports and in general an innovative ecosystem of agglomerations, the creation and development of industrial parks as modern concentrators of the industrial, investment and research potential of the agglomeration will be of paramount importance. Emphasis is placed on the advantages of the functioning of industrial parks within the agglomeration, in particular through: achieving synergy for the growth of economic development of the agglomeration; direct impact on the provision of humanitarian, environmental, security and spatial organization of the agglomeration; creation of the effect of increasing returns due to the effective combination of production and infrastructure, high technologies, research and development sphere. It is proved that the industrial parks of the Lviv agglomeration today are the least developed form of the innovation ecosystem of the agglomeration, the potential of which, unlike clusters or export enterprises of the agglomeration, has not yet been used at all. It is concluded that the institutional component of the development of industrial parks in Ukraine, and in particular within the Lviv agglomeration, should become a priority in the implementation of the State regional policy and strategies for the development of individual territorial communities in the near future. After all, foreign experience proves the close interweaving of urban agglomeration and its industrial parks, whose activities in Ukraine, even with the current institutional design, open up a promising environmentally oriented direction for them.

SOCIAL INEQUALITY IN KAZAKHSTAN: PARAMETERS AND INDICATORS

Social inequality has always been and remains one of the key problems of any economic system, to which both society itself and the state as a whole pay attention. In the article, this problem is inextricably linked with such aspects of state economic regulation as taxation, insurance, investment, which requires a special study of all criteria and indicators for the effective provision of social security of the population. The purpose of the study is to analyze social inequality in Kazakhstan using modern statistical meth-ods such as cluster analysis and ARIMA modeling.The scientific significance of the study is that it presents new insights to the analysis and modeling of social inequality in Kazakhstan. Practical significance can be observed in the analysis of parameters and dynamics of social inequality, which allows to identify vulnerable groups and focus on improving their social situation.Cluster analysis is carried out because of data on social and economic characteristics of the popula-tion, to identify groups similar in terms of well-being. The ARIMA (Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average) method is used to model the dynamics of social inequality.The results of the study allowed us to identify the main parameters of social inequality in Kazakhstan. It was found that income inequality remains one of the most significant factors affecting the welfare of the population. Also, significant differences are observed in the level of education, access to health care and quality of housing conditions.The study represents an important contribution to the understanding of social inequality in Kazakh-stan, its parameters, and dynamics, as it allows us to assess the scale and structure of social inequality in Kazakhstan. Identify the most vulnerable groups of the population and identify the causes of their vulner-ability. To develop forecasts for the development of social inequality and assess possible risks.

Роль человеческого фактора в обеспечении производственной безопасности промышленных предприятий

Topic. The humanitarian and socio-cultural aspects of economic development are attracting increasing attention from modern researchers. Special attention should be paid to the characterization of the role of the human factor in ensuring industrial safety. The article updates the conceptual and normative foundations of the influence of the human factor on the safety of industrial production in the Russian Federation. The purpose of the study is to identify the structural and substantive properties of the human factor and substantiate its impact on ensuring the production safety of industrial enterprises. The objectives of the study are to reveal the specifics of the influence of the human factor on the provision of technical and social security of industrial production, to characterize the tasks of management of psychosocial risks of production safety of industrial enterprises. The object of the study is the process of ensuring industrial safety of industrial enterprises. The subject of the study is the role of the human factor in ensuring the production safety of industrial enterprises. Methodology. The research methodology is based on a process and systematic approach to the management of production safety of industrial enterprises. Results. The main result of the study is the substantiation of the importance and systematization of the conceptual and normative foundations for assessing the impact of the human factor on the industrial safety of industrial enterprises. Some practical aspects of the topic are characterized by the example of the nuclear industry. Conclusions. The key role of the human factor in ensuring production safety is to increase the reliability of technical and social systems of industrial production. The main tool contributing to reducing the negative impact of the human factor on accident rates, occupational injuries and occupational morbidity of industrial workers should be recognized as a production safety culture.

АНАЛИЗ ТЕНДЕНЦИЙ РАЗВИТИЯ РОССИЙСКОГО ФОНДОВОГО РЫНКА

The article analyzes the trends, challenges, and developmental prospects of the Russian stock market. The relevance of the study is based on the developmental trends of the Russian stock market influencing the establishment of the financial system and the provision of the national financial security of the state. The object of the study is the Russian stock market. The subject of the study is the developmental trends of the Russian stock market. The current state of the stock market has been assessed, with triggers and limiting factors determined. The main developmental trends of the Russian stock market were examined based on the conditions of international economic and financial sanctions. The article studies the prospects of modern trends in the technological development of alternative finances, affecting the prospects of Russian stock market development. Despite the negative effect of international sanctions in 2022, the authors concluded that there is an uptrend in the market capitalization of the Russian stock market in 2023. The growth is due to the transformation of the bond market and the establishment of its autonomy from global financial markets.