Provision Of Assistance Research Articles

Reforming the common security and defense policy in the long term, considering the threat from Russia

This article analyzes the need to reform the Common Security and Defense Policy of the European Union in the long term, with a particular focus on the threat, posed by the russian federation. The growth of russia's aggressiveness and foreign policy ambitions creates the need to strengthen and adapt the security and defense policy of the European Union. A number of decisions, adopted by the European Union as a countermeasure to russian aggression against Ukraine, are analyzed. The article also examines the reasons that led to the need for institutional reform and key aspects of it, including the strengthening of the Union's military capabilities, the development of the cyber security sector and the expansion of cyber defense infrastructure, ensuring an increase in joint financing of the defense sector and cooperation with strategic partners. The importance and necessity of political unity and joint action among the member states of the European Union, strengthening of defense capabilities, defense cooperation, improvement of crisis management mechanisms and provision of mutual assistance between member states for effective response to threats from russia were emphasized. The article calls for intensive cooperation and coordination between the European Union and the North Atlantic Treaty Organization, as well as for strengthening external partnerships with countries that share common values and have common security interests in the implementation of joint projects and programs in the field of security and defense to ensure stability and security in the region. Reforming the Common Security and Defense Policy is a key factor in ensuring Europe's collective security in the medium and long term, taking into account the needs and challenges of the modern geopolitical environment, and through joint action, the European Union can act as a united front in security solutions and international cooperation

Ранняя помощь: ресурсы и возможности психолого-педагогической поддержки ребенка и его семьи в Ярославской области

<p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Objectives. </strong>Timely and properly organized comprehensive care for young children is able to prevent the appearance of secondary deviations in child development and ensure the effectiveness of corrective and developmental impact. The results of a monitoring that was organized in the Yaroslavl region of the Russian Federation to assess the need of families in childhood early care activities for the correction and prevention of possible disorders are analyzed and summarized. The organization of activities to provide early psychological and pedagogical assistance to children and their families is presented.</p> <p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Methods. </strong>956 families with young children living in the Yaroslavl region took part in the survey. The age of the parents is from 23 to 37 years old. During the monitoring, the activities of basic organizations for the provision of psychological and pedagogical assistance to children from birth to three years old were studied, according to the following indicators: the quantitative and nosological representation of young children, the psychological and pedagogical support of young children and their parents, staffing in basic organizations providing early help services.</p> <p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Results. </strong>In 2023, early help was provided to 1174 children and their families in 140 early help services established in the regional education system, in 2022, early care was provided to 1235 children of the target group, which may be due to a slight decrease in the birth rate in the Yaroslavl region. According to the data of the psychological, medical and pedagogical commissions, 2,598 children from birth to three years old underwent a comprehensive examination in 2023, which is 24% more than the number of young children examined in 2022. Comprehensive psychological, medical and pedagogical support of young children is provided by 460 specialists of various profiles. In the process of psychological and pedagogical support, 1,283 events were held with young children and their parents.</p> <p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Conclusions. </strong>The study reflects that the difficulties of providing early care in educational organizations are due to the interdepartmental fragmentation of early care institutions, the insufficient implementation of the practice of home visits, accompanying a child in natural life situations, and the low representation of medical workers in the early care system. The factors contributing to the improvement of the results of psychological and pedagogical support of a child with disabilities and his family have been established: interdisciplinarity in the organization of early care; support of the child in natural life conditions; screening-diagnostics; remote counseling.</p>

IMPLEMENTATION OF PROVIDING LEGAL AID TO CHILDREN AS PERPETRATORS OF THE CRIME OF OBSCENITY

IMPLEMENTATION OF PROVIDING LEGAL AID TO CHILDREN AS PERPETRATORS OF THE CRIME OF OBSCENITY

ON THE ISSUE OF THE GOALS AND LEGAL PRINCIPLES OF PROVIDING SOCIAL ASSISTANCE IN THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION

The relevance of the research topic lies in the fact that social assistance is an important component of guarantees of the social security of citizens’ social rights. The article reveals the main task of the state social policy, which is to achieve the well-being of an individual and society as a whole through fair and equal access for all citizens to state social assistance. The article is devoted to the analysis of the goals of providing social assistance to persons in need, enshrined in the Federal Law of 17.07.1999 N 178-FZ "On State Social Assistance". The purpose of the study is to analyze and clarify the objectives set out in the Law on Social Assistance, to define the legal principles of state social assistance and to disclose their content. Materials and methods. The methodological basis of the research is predetermined by the set goal and objectives, as well as by the idea of the existence of universal, general scientific, private scientific and special legal research methods. The paper presents an analysis of legislation, practical experience of its use and scientific doctrine on the goals and principles of social protection and social assistance. The article reveals the concept of state social assistance; the opinions of scientists on the main goals of social protection are given. To conduct a full-fledged analysis, the subject composition of recipients of state social assistance is considered. Such subjects include low-income families, low-income citizens living alone and other categories of citizens who, for reasons beyond their control, have an average per capita income below the subsistence minimum. The result of the study. The authors propose their own formulations of the goals of social protection, assess the implementation of the goals in practice provided for in the legislation, identify the causes of emerging problems with the provision of social assistance, among which the lack of clear and concise rules for the provision of social assistance stands out. These will contribute to the development of legislation. Based on the analysis of legislation and law enforcement practice, their own principles have been put forward. These include targeting, accessibility, humanity, voluntariness, targeted use of budget funds, clarity, and equality. The article reveals the content of each of these principles. The practical and theoretical significance of the study is manifested in the fact that the improvement of legislation on social assistance should take place taking into account the goals and principles discussed in the article, which should be reflected in regulatory legal acts. It will make it possible to create a more effective system of social support for citizens and will contribute to improving the quality of life of the population. Conclusions. It is concluded that it is necessary to clarify the objectives specified in the Law, as well as to supplement it with an article containing the legal principles on which the legislation on social assistance will be based.

Regarding the implementation of foreign psychotherapeutic approaches in the mental health protection system of the population of Ukraine in conditions of war

Background. The work is devoted to the problem of preserving the mental health of the population of Ukraine. The emergence of stress-related mental disorders, including post-traumatic stress disorder, leads to a negative effect on families and communities, problems of mutual understanding, support and recovery. Against this background, there is no doubt about the need to implement the experience of Western colleagues in the mental health care system at all levels of care provision. The purpose of the work is to update the issue of the implementation of foreign psychotherapeutic approaches in the system of mental health care of the population of Ukraine in the conditions of war. Materials and methods. On the basis of the analysis of literary sources and information resources, a modern overview of the problem of introducing modern psychotherapeutic directions into the system of mental health protection of the population in wartime conditions was obtained. Discussion. An analytical review of pathogenetic prerequisites for the implementation of the experience of Western doctors in rehabilitation measures and psychological support measures was carried out. Implementation of strategies aimed at preventing mental illness through education, stress reduction, and development of psychosocial support can help reduce the prevalence of risk factors for the development of mental health problems. Justification of the implementation of Western experience is important for improving the provision of assistance in the mental health system in Ukraine, which will meet modern standards and take into account the peculiarities of Ukrainian culture and society.At the same time, ensuring effective rehabilitation for victims is an act of recognition of their dignity and rights to a full life. Conclusions. At the current stage, Western health care systems emphasize the prevention of mental illnesses through education, stress reduction, and the development of psychosocial support. Implementing these strategies can help reduce the prevalence of risk factors for developing mental health problems. The ability to integrate mental health care into the general medical context is a priority, as it can improve detection of mental illness, provide a comprehensive approach to treatment, and reduce stigmatisation in the society. Focusing on the scientific basis is a priority, because the proven base of Western approaches to the issue of maintaining mental health is based on scientific research and effective methods.

Consent of a lawyer's client to the processing of his personal data as part of the exercise of the right to a lawyer's request

This article discusses theoretical and practical issues regarding the possibility of a lawyer obtaining information with limited access, in particular, information that contains the personal data of his client. The position is argued, according to which although the right to request a lawyer is a professional right of a lawyer, at the same time, taking into account the peculiarity of the information requested by him, which contains personal data of another person (confidential information), it is necessary to take into account the requirements of special legislation on the protection of personal data, primarily regarding stating the legal grounds (purpose) and the "convincing” need to obtain them.
 Within the framework of this study, attention is paid to the problematic issues of determining the essence of the lawyer's client's consent to the processing of his personal data through the lens of the lawyer's right to request. It is concluded that the possibility of obtaining information directly related to the lawyer's client and containing his personal data is conditioned by his giving the lawyer the appropriate consent to this.
 The requirements of the law and the position of the self-governing bodies of lawyers regarding the necessity (feasibility) of the lawyer obtaining consent to the processing of his personal data from the client are investigated. Attention is drawn to the fact that based on the absence of clear requirements in the legislation on the protection of personal data regarding the form of the above­mentioned consent, the position of the Bar Council of Ukraine is correct, according to which it should be set out in a separate clause of the contract on the provision of legal assistance, which can also be concluded in electronic form , and further provision of this contract (excerpt from it) is sufficient for obtaining confidential information about the lawyer's client.
 To achieve the goal, the author used research methods that are characteristic primarily of legal science. This research was conducted using, in particular, systemic-structural and dialectical methods of learning legal reality, which provided an opportunity to analyze the essence of the lawyer's right to receive information containing his client's personal data and the need to obtain the latter's consent to their processing.

Problematic issues of legal regulation of participation of an advocate in criminal proceedings for the provision of professional legal assistance to participants in such proceedings

The article determines that, at first glance, the legal regulation of the activities of an advocate in criminal proceedings is well regulated, complies with international standards and does not require any adjustment.
 The article determines that, at first glance, the legal regulation of the activities of an advocate in criminal proceedings is sufficiently regulated, complies with international standards and does not require any adjustment. However, as practice shows, many problems arise in the implementation of criminal procedural law based on conflicts and gaps in it. Among them, a major place is occupied by the problems of defense, representation and other types of professional legal assistance to participants in criminal proceedings by an advocate.
 The article examines the state of legal regulation of participation of an advocate in criminal proceedings to provide professional legal assistance to the participants of such proceedings. The authors analyze the absence of the right of the victim and his/her representative to engage an expert in criminal proceedings on contractual terms, other restrictions on the rights of the victim and his or her representative to collect evidence, the right to review the pre-trial investigation materials before its completion, no right to receive a copy of the notice of suspicion and indictment, no right to file a request to the investigating judge for temporary access to things or documents, as well as the right to appeal against a preventive measure applied to a suspect/accused on the grounds of its leniency, etc.
 The article also analyzes the rights of a representative of a civil plaintiff or a civil defendant in criminal proceedings in relation to the rights provided for by the Civil Procedure Code of Ukraine, the author draws attention to the need to provide representation for another owner or possessor of property in legal relations regarding the right to file a petition to cancel the arrest of property in whole or in part, and considers the procedural status of a witness's advocate and a whistleblower's advocate.
 The article proposes amendments to the provisions of the Criminal Procedure Code of Ukraine in the context of legal regulation of participation of an advocate in criminal proceedings to provide professional legal assistance to the participants of such proceedings.

The United States, the Defence of the Middle East and Türkiye: 1946-1952

This study analyses the early years of cooperation between Türkiye and the United States (US) in the field of security and defence by utilising US government documents and the secondary sources that heavily depend on primary sources. It emphasizes the link between the elements of the strategic context in which the US developed its approach to the defence of the Middle East and the American interest in developing defence ties with Türkiye. The major outcomes of Turkish-American cooperation were American support for Türkiye against the Soviet Union in 1946, the provision of American military assistance in 1947, the modernization of the Turkish military, the construction of military bases on Turkish territory, American support for Turkish membership in NATO and Turkish willingness to conduct its relations with the Middle East in coordination with the West. This study reveals that those outcomes reflected for the most time American political and strategic preferences. For this reason, the typical characteristics of those relations between great powers and small states can be observed in Turkish-American security relations during their formative years.

Rola radcy prawnego jako obrońcy z wyboru w postępowaniu przygotowawczym

The role of attorney-at-law as defense counsel of choice in pre-trial proceedings This article aims to present selected issues related to the participation of an attorney-at-law in pre-trial proceedings in criminal cases as a defense counsel of choice (excluding offense cases, fiscal offenses and fiscal crimes), taking into account the relevant rights and obligations of attorneys-at-law in connection with the provision of legal assistance set by the regulations of the Act on Attorneys-at-Law, the Polish Code of Criminal Procedure, as well as rules of professional deontology, particularly the Code of Ethics for Attorneys-at-Law.

КЛЮЧОВІ ПОНЯТТЯ МІЖНАРОДНОЇ ДОПОМОГИ У СФЕРІ БЕЗПЕКИ І ОБОРОНИ УКРАЇНИ

The article examines the content of such key concepts of international aid in the paradigm of defense capability of Ukraine as “international aid”, “international technical aid”, “military aid”, “humanitarian aid”, “charitable activity”. It was found that the system of ensuring the defense capability of the state is not limited by internal resources, but actively attracts external resources for the needs of the security and defense sphere. It is pointed out that there is no concept of “international aid” in the legislation of Ukraine, but the definition of the content of international technical aid, humanitarian aid and charitable activities. It was determined that the concept of “military aid” is also absent in national legislation, but in scientific doctrine it is considered as a type of international aid, and in conditions of armed aggression as assistance to Ukraine in ensuring the realization of its national interests. Forms of providing military aid to Ukraine by partner countries were considered. It was noted that the meaning of the concept of “military aid” is not limited to the provision of weapons and military equipment, but also includes the training and training of military personnel, the construction of infrastructure facilities, the provision of assistance in the development of battle plans, etc. It was emphasized that today military aid is provided by donor countries as international technical assistance, humanitarian aid or charity in accordance with the terms of the concluded agreement. A conclusion was drawn on the expediency of the legislative separation of military aid, as well as the development of a regulatory basis for its attraction, accounting, distribution, and use, which, taking into account the volume and importance of such aid to support Ukraine’s defense capabilities, will simplify its receipt from donor countries. Keywords: international aid, international technical aid, military aid, humanitarian aid, charitable activity.

Cultural Influences on Maternal and Child Health Practices. Insights from Juang Tribal Community of Odisha

Inside the Juang tribal group, complex interaction exists between cultural influences and the methods that are used to preserve mother and child health. Because of its location in a distant and culturally diverse region, the Juang community has developed its own distinctive customs, beliefs, and practices, all of which have a substantial influence on the health and happiness of mothers and children. This study provides light on the cultural determinants that influence mother and child health outcomes by conducting an in-depth investigation with the community. An investigation of the traditional birth customs, nutritional habits, and indigenous beliefs toward healthcare, and superstitions that are widespread in the Juang tribal group is presented in this research. The availability of contemporary medical services and their usage, and the part that extended families and community support networks play in the provision of maternal and child care assistance. The usage of traditional medications and herbal cures is also investigated, which offers vital insights into the dynamic relationship that exists between traditional and modern approaches to healthcare.

Teacher support in language learning: a picture of the effects on language progress, academic immunity, and academic enjoyment

Teacher support encompasses the provision of educational, instrumental, sentimental, or evaluative assistance by a teacher to a student, regardless of the setting. Learning a new language brings with it different ups and downs that may hinder the actual progress of the learners. The journey of learning may be made easier by supportive instructors. During the course of this inquiry, two groups (85 participants in total) including the experimental and control groups were chosen to gauge the influence of Teacher support in virtual instruction on English as a foreign language (EFL) learners’ progress, academic immunity, and academic enjoyment. In contrast to the experimental group (EG, n = 42), which had the chance to connect with a teacher in order to ask questions and get feedback plus the off-line education, the control group (CG, n = 44) was subjected to off-line instruction of language input (Top Notch 3). The status of the participants’ language growth, immunity, and enjoyment was investigated both before and after the treatment. The findings of independent samples t-tests as well as the multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) indicated that learners in EG did much better than their counterparts in CG. In addition, the ramifications and recommendations for potential future directions are analyzed.

Rural tourism in South Africa: A local economic development strategy

This study aims to assess the potential of rural tourism as a strategy for local economic development in three rural villages in the Thulamela Local Municipality, which falls under the Vhembe District Municipality in the Limpopo province of South Africa. Rural tourism is considered a promising industry for rural development and a popular approach to local economic growth. Sustainable rural tourism is recognised as a crucial component of rural development and is particularly important in developing nations, such as South Africa, where substantial rural populations and limited economic activity exist. The study utilised a qualitative research approach, drawing on an exploratory design and interpretive paradigm. A purposive sampling technique was adopted to select participants. Focus group discussions were conducted with the participants, and content analysis was used to analyse the collected data. The study indicates that rural tourism could effectively promote local economic growth in the three rural villages by providing residents with employment opportunities, thereby reducing poverty rates in rural areas. However, challenges remain, including the lack of funding to support small tourism businesses and the need for human capital development in local communities. The study recommends a gradual approach to knowledge and skills development within local communities to support the business aspects of rural tourism development, as well as the provision of funding assistance.

The U.S. Military: A Reluctant Humanitarian

Since the end of the Second World War, the U.S. military has been among the most important providers of humanitarian assistance, particularly in the wake of natural disasters and conflict. Yet, aid organizations rarely consider the U.S. military a humanitarian actor, and military personnel do not identify primarily as humanitarians. Nevertheless, the logistics and manpower capacities of the U.S. military have often pushed it into humanitarian spheres. Once involved, however, the traditional humanitarian principles of humanity, impartiality, neutrality, and independence do not drive the military provision of humanitarian assistance. Instead, military personnel approach humanitarian assistance through their training, namely, moving items, building things, and managing people. They often pair a training-based framework with a general sense of helping those in need. The U.S. military is a humanitarian actor, but coming to grips with that requires reimaging humanitarianism. To explore the military as humanitarian, this essay first examines how the demands of logistics pushed the U.S. military into becoming a provider of refugee assistance in Albania during the 1999 Kosovo crisis. It then uses the 2021 evacuation and resettlement of Afghans to explore how the U.S. military's ready pool of manpower led it to become more deeply involved in humanitarian responses. Humanitarian crises are almost invariably complex and messy. The moral imperative to help those in need interacts with political and security priorities in often uncomfortable ways. That confluence helps explain why the U.S. military assists with some, but not other, crises.

Scientific and Practical Conference with International Participation «Mental Health of the Family: Russian Traditions and Modern Approaches to Assistance», 26.01.2024, Moscow

Scientific and Practical Conference with international participation «Mental Health of the Family: Russian Traditions and Modern Approaches to Assistance»м тир, held FSBSI «Mental Health Research Centre» on January 26, 2024 in Moscow as part of the XXXII International Christmas Educational Readings «Orthodoxy and Domestic Culture: Losses and Gains of the Past, the Image of the Future». The conference comprehensively covered the traditional values of families in Russian society, as well as the problems that arise in families whose members suffer from mental disorders and behavioral disorders. The achievements and possibilities of helping family members with mental and behavioral disorders, as well as the provision of psychiatric, psychological, social and spiritual assistance by various institutions through the prism of biopsychosocial, spiritual and family-oriented approaches were discussed. The issues of volunteer participation in rehabilitation programs for families, the contribution of public organizations and their interaction with state and religious institutions in the aspect of psychosocial rehabilitation of patients with mental disorders and behavioral disorders, as well as issues of multidisciplinary interaction of specialists in the field of family prevention of mental disorders were considered. The exchange of scientific and practice-oriented achievements of domestic and foreign psychiatry in the field of family prevention of mental disorders, behavioral disorders and addiction diseases, the introduction of new technologies of assistance allows to improve the quality and effectiveness of psychiatric and narcological care provided to families that include persons with mental disorders and behavioral disorders.

Effectiveness of educational interventions for the prevention of lead poisoning in children: a systematic review.

Childhood exposure to lead has severe health consequences including long-term physical, behavioral, and learning problems. Lead poisoning often occurs in the home and persists as a form of environmental injustice, disparately impacting certain children based on factors such as socioeconomic status, immigration status, and race. Because abatement is costly, many prevention programs rely on educational interventions. We conducted a systematic review to assess the effectiveness of educational interventions on reducing blood lead levels (BLL) in children. Following PRISMA-P guidelines, a librarian-guided search strategy incorporated database-specific subject headings and keywords related to lead poisoning and education, and encompassed four databases: Ovid MEDLINE, Scopus, Web of Science Core Collection and CINAHL. Two reviewers screened the results for those that met inclusion criteria (original research, study population of children under 18 years, inclusion of an educational intervention, outcome of BLL). We screened the titles of 2,062 non-duplicate studies, the abstracts of 78 studies, and full texts of 23 articles, resulting in 17 articles that met eligibility criteria. Thirteen studies used multi-pronged interventions, which precluded comprehensive assessment of the effectiveness of the educational component. Interventions that had success in lowering BLL included some notable elements: longevity of intervention, consideration of culture and ethnicity; use of a community or home-based approach; and provision of supplies or assistance with cleaning. Of the four of studies that used solely educational interventions, three were successful in reducing BLL. Among the 12 studies that used a control group, six found their interventions to be successful in reducing BLL. This review found that educational interventions, either alone or as part of a multi-pronged approach, do not consistently reduce BLL in children. However, educational interventions may decrease severity of lead poisoning in children when more robust interventions are not feasible.

Literature Study on Spiritual Leadership, Organizational Citizenship Behavior (OCB) and Pandita Buddhayana's Organizational Commitment

Pandita Buddha is an individual who has a deep understanding of Dharma and has the ability to openly. Pandita Buddha plays a very significant role in the development of the Buddhist religion. Exemplary Buddhist scholars are characterized by a kind-hearted nature and behave in a way that facilitates the provision of assistance for the spiritual growth and happiness of Buddhist followers. This study aims to analyze Spiritual Leadership and Organisational Citizenship Behavior towards Organizational Commitment in the Buddhist clergy. The research method used is Systematic Literature Review (SLR) with meta-synthetic data analysis techniques. Data were obtained through a collection of journals published from 2015-2023. Based on the research findings, there are main findings indicating that spiritual leadership is positively related to OCB, showing that the dimension of spirituality in leadership can encourage positive behavior among organizational members. In addition, OCB also proves to act as a mediator between spiritual leadership and organizational commitment, emphasizing the important role of OCB in connecting leadership aspects with the individual's commitment to the organization. The practical implications of these findings include the importance of developing spiritual leadership in the organizational context to enhance the engagement and dedication of organizational members through the improvement of OCB. This study contributes to a better understanding of the complex relationship between these key variables and highlights the central role of spiritual leadership in creating a positive and committed organizational environment

Medication incidents associated with the provision of medication assistance by non-medical care staff in residential care facilities.

The shift towards community-based care in Japan has led to increased medication assistance for older people by non-medical care staff. These staff members help take pre-packaged medications, apply patches, and administer eye drops. This study assessed the risks associated with such assistance by reviewing medication-related incidents across 106 residential care facilities between April 1, 2015, and March 31, 2016. An analysis of incident reports showed that all incidents were minor, with no serious outcomes. The incidents were categorized into four types: dropped drugs, misdelivery/misuse of medicines, forgetting to take medicines, and loss of medicines, with dropped drugs being the most frequent. Most incidents occurred in the morning and primarily involved residents with intermediate nursing care needs. These findings indicate a low risk of serious incidents because of medication assistance from non-medical staff. However, the frequency and nature of the incidents were influenced by the timing of medication administration and the care needs of the residents. These insights highlight the need for customized approaches to medication assistance, considering the residents' care levels and potentially optimizing medication administration times to improve safety in residential care settings.

Peran Pemerintah Dalam Meningkatkan Kesejahteraan Kelompok Tani Di Kelurahan Ompang Tanah Sirah Kecamatan Payakumbuh Utara.

this research is the inequality of power in the farmer group system which is intertwined with the community so that each farmer group's policies carry out activities in order to achieve an increase in the production of their respective farming businesses. The aim of this research is to increase welfare. The type of research used in this research is field research with a descriptive qualitative approach. Sources of data used in this study were primary data and secondary data with farmer group informants in the village of Ompang Tanah Sirah. Data collection techniques used in this study using interviews, observation, and documentation. Data analysis techniques in this study used data reduction techniques, data presentation and drawing conclusions. The results in this study explain that some of the things that are felt by farmers after the existence of farmer groups are the provision of assistance for rice harvesting machines, business capital assistance, fertilizer assistance, everything becomes easier after the existence of groups as a medium for providing assistance. The most important thing as an indicator of welfare is income, because several aspects of household welfare depend on the level of income. As for the role played by farmer groups in the Ompang Tanah Sirah sub-district, such as being a forum for aspirations or deliberations for groups, farmer groups play a role in increasing people's income by holding economic empowerment, farmer groups play a role as a place to maintain and develop knowledge and mutual cooperation in farming among their members ( production units), hold regular meetings as a medium of communication between members of the Farmer Group, hold various trainings for the community in order to reduce unemployment and increase income.

The Effectiveness of Individual Performance Commitment Review Form as an Evaluation Tool to Improve Teachers’ Performance: Basis for Technical Assistance

A well-structured evaluation such as Individual Performance Commitment and Review Form (IPCRF) can provide valuable feedback to teachers and contribute to their growth and effectiveness. This study aims to assess the effectiveness of the IPCRF as an evaluation tool for improving teachers' performance. This study utilized the mixed method approach particularly the sequential exploratory, blending both qualitative and quantitative research methods. The participants of the study were 59 composed of teachers and school heads from selected schools in Casiguran District 2. The qualitative phase of this research relied on semi-structured interview guides. For the quantitative phase, a researcher-made survey questionnaire was utilized. Results revealed that teachers were rated primarily as having performed outstandingly. However, the level of effectiveness of IPCRF in assessing the teachers’ performance, as assessed by school heads and teachers, is low in terms of the plus factor. School heads need to provide forms of technical assistance to the teachers, to ensure that necessary resources, such as teaching materials or technology, are made available to support teachers' improvement efforts. Meanwhile, the issues and concerns encountered by the teachers, as assessed by school heads and teachers, are high as to work performance. Thus, the proposed in-house feedback session aims to improve teachers’ performance through the provision of technical assistance. School heads and teachers may participate in seminars and training sessions offered by Department of Education (DepEd) officials in conjunction with teachers to improve their comprehension of the IPCRF.