Provincial Education Department Research Articles

Quantum interference of a time-dependent wave packet of atom irradiated by an ultra-short laser pulse**Project partially supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (Grant Nos. 2019YFA0307700 and 2017YFA0403300), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 11627807, 11534004, C11975012, and 11774129), the Jilin Provincial Research Foundation for Basic Research, China (Grant No. 20170101153JC), and the

The wave packet evolution of an atom irradiated by an intense laser pulse is systematically investigated by using the numerical solution of the time-dependent Schrödinger equation. There are two types of spatial interference structures in the time-dependent evolution of the atomic wave packet. With the increasing of the evolution time, the interference fringe spacing for type I (type II) becomes larger (smaller). As the wavelength of the incident laser increases, the interference of the wave packet is changed from type II to type I, and the shift of interference type can be attributed to the contribution of excited states by using the energy analysis of the time-dependent wave function.

Electro-optical dual modulation on resistive switching behavior in BaTiO3/BiFeO3/TiO2 heterojunction**Project supported by the Scientific Research Program of Hunan Provincial Education Department, China (Grant No. 18C0232) and the International Cooperative Extension Program of Changsha University of Science and Technology, China (Grant No. 2019IC35).

The novel BaTiO3/BiFeO3/TiO2 multilayer heterojunction is prepared on a fluorine-doped tinoxide (FTO) substrate by the sol–gel method. The results indicate that the Pt/BaTiO3/BiFeO3/TiO2/FTO heterojunction exhibits stable bipolar resistive switching characteristic, good retention performance, and reversal characteristic. Under different pulse voltages and light fields, four stable resistance states can also be realized. The analysis shows that the main conduction mechanism of the resistive switching characteristic of the heterojunction is space charge limited current (SCLC) effect. After the comprehensive analysis of the band diagram and the P–E ferroelectric property of the multilayer heterojunction, we can deduce that the SCLC is formed by the effect of the oxygen vacancy which is controlled by ferroelectric polarization-modulated change of interfacial barrier. And the effective photo-generated carrier also plays a regulatory role in resistance state (RS), which is formed by the double ferroelectric layer BaTiO3/BiFeO3 under different light fields. This research is of potential application values for developing the multi-state non-volatile resistance random access memory (RRAM) devices based on ferroelectric materials.

Effect of laser intensity on quantum trajectories in the macroscopic high-order harmonic generation**Project supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (Grant No. 2017YFA0403300), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 11627807, 11774175, 11534004, 11774129, and 11604119), the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of China (Grant No. 30916011207), the Jilin Provincial Research Foundation

We macroscopically investigate the effect of the laser intensity and gas density on quantum trajectories in the high-order harmonic generation of Ne atoms irradiated by few-cycle, 800-nm laser pulses. The time–frequency profile of the harmonics shows that the long quantum trajectory is dominant at both lower and higher gas densities for a low laser intensity. At high laser intensities, the long quantum trajectory plays an important role for lower gas densities, while the short quantum trajectory is dominant at higher gas densities. An analysis of the phase mismatch for high-order harmonic generation shows that the primary emission of the quantum trajectories is determined by dynamic changes in the laser electric field during the propagation process.

Development and Validation of a Four Micro RNA-Mediated Signature for Placenta Accreta: An Integrated Competing Endogenous RNA Network Analysis

Background: In this study, we examined the regulatory network comprising long non-coding (lnc), micro (mi), and messenger (m) RNAs in the placenta accreta spectrum (PAS) to elucidate its underlying mechanisms and identify biomarkers for the prediction of intraoperative blood volume loss. Methods: Using RNA sequencing, we compared mRNA, lncRNA, and miRNA expression profiles between five placenta accreta and five normal tissues and the miRNA expression profiles in ten maternal plasma samples from placenta accreta and control participants. Findings: Upon comparing PAS and control placentas, we identified 8806 lncRNAs, 128 miRNAs, and 1788 mRNAs that were differentially expressed. On the basis of predictions of the relationships between lncRNA and miRNA and miRNA and mRNA, we developed a competing endogenous (ce) RNA network comprising 20 lncRNAs, 4 miRNAs, and 19 mRNAs. This network implicated a reduced angiogenesis pathway, and, based on correlation analysis, we propose that two miRNAs (hsa-miR‐490-3p and hsa-miR-133a-3p) could serve as biomarkers of PAS prognosis. Interpretation: On the basis of ceRNA network analysis, we identified lncRNAs, miRNAs, and mRNAs that clarify the pathogenesis of PAS, some of which may have potential utility as biomarkers of PAS prognosis. Funding Statement: The study was supported by the project of “The National Key Research and Development Program of Reproductive Health & Major Birth Defects Control and Prevention” (No. 2016YFC100404 to Chong Qiao) and the Science and Technology Project of Liaoning Provincial Education Department (No. LS201611 to Na Li). Declaration of Interests: The authors declare that there is no conflict of interest. Ethics Approval Statement: The study was approved by the Shengjing Hospital and China Medical University. All participants enrolled in this study provided written informed consent.

Educational Resources to Under-Resourced Schools in the Limpopo Province: Proposed Library Model

Universally, the significance of adequately resourced and well-staffed libraries to improve teaching and learning accomplishments in under-resourced schools cannot be overemphasised. In South Africa, resource provision is still a daunting challenge adversely affecting the quality of the results of learners. It is a distressing fact that, even in the post-apartheid South Africa, only a few (7%) schools have well-stocked and functioning libraries. One of the outcomes of this largely quantitative study was to propose a library model that the author hopes can be implemented to offer effective library and information services for schools - particularly in disadvantaged rural communities. Given the way in which the majority of South African schools are distributed in disadvantaged rural communities, the study recommends a cluster school library model that involves a number of schools in a particular circuit office being serviced by one well-equipped stand-alone library (cluster library) under the education library services of the provincial Department of Basic Education.

Online training in regular fostering of school science teachers to meet education innovation in Vietnam towards the development of cross-culture teachers

Regular fostering teachers is an annual imperative task for the school teachers. This has been stipulated in the Government document, the Ministry of Education and Training (MoET), the (provincial) Departments of Education and Training in Viet Nam. The form of concentrated and periodic fostering teachers as implemented in Vietnam has many limitations, those are: for millions of teachers need fostering and retraining in order to meet the time requirements of education reform, the concentrated fostering is not feasible; professional contents do not meet each local or individual learner; It is costly to spend on classrooms, teaching equipment; costs for teachers and experts; travel, accommodation for concentrated stay are also costly, and time consuming. The article provides regular training form for geography teachers by online training to address the limitations of concentrated regular training while promoting the outstanding advantages of online teaching. This article has developed a number of special subject contents for fostering the social sciences teachers to meet the requirements of current education reform in Vietnam. The article also mentions the possibility of using online training to foster teachers that are qualified to teach in the region and the world.

Spectral Characterization of Couplings in a Mixed Optomechanical Model**Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant Nos. 11505055, 11822501, 11774087, and Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province China under Grant No. 2017JJ1021, and Scientific Research Fund of Hunan Provincial Education Department under Grant No. 18A007

We study the spectrum of single-photon emission and scattering in a mixed optomechanical model which consists of both linear and quadratic optomechanical interactions. The spectra are calculated based on the exact long-time solutions of the single-photon emission and scattering processes in this system. We find that there exist some phonon sideband peaks in the spectra and there are some sub peaks around the phonon sideband peaks under proper parameter conditions. The correspondence between the spectral features and the optomechanical interactions is confirmed, and the optomechanical coupling strengths can be inferred by analyzing the resonance peaks and dips in the spectra.

Preparation and 1.06 μm Fluorescence Decay of Nd3+-Doped Glass Ceramics Containing NaYF4 Nanocrystallites**Supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China under Grant No 2017YFB0405302, the Scientific Research Fund of Sichuan Provincial Education Department under Grant No 15ZB0294, the Key Technical Project of Yibin City in 2015, the Scientific Research Project of Yibin University under Grant No 2015PY02,

Considered to be a candidate for large-size bulk materials used in lasers and other fields, Nd3+-doped glass ceramics containing NaYF4 nanocrystallites are prepared. Using x-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy, we show that pure cubic NaYF4 is well precipitated in the glass matrix. To obtain the optical property of this material at 1.06 μm, the fluorescence decay of 4F3/2 energy levels is measured and analyzed. It is found that the fluorescence lifetime decreases first and then increases with the increasing dopant concentration due to the existing but finally weakening energy dissipation. As a result, a long radiation lifetime of about 191–444 μs is obtained at 1.06 μm in the prepared material. It is thus revealed that Nd3+-doped glass ceramic containing NaYF4 nanocrystallites is a potential candidate as a near-infrared laser material.

Energetics and diffusion of point defects in Au/Ag metals: A molecular dynamics study**Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 51401237, 11474358, and 51271198), the Fund from Shaanxi Provincial Education Department, China (Grant No. 18JK1207), and the Defence Technology Foundation of China (Grant No. 2301003).

To reveal the potential aging mechanism for self-irradiation in Pu–Ga alloy, we choose Au–Ag alloy as its substitutional material in terms of its mass density and lattice structure. As a first step for understanding the microscopic behavior of point defects in Au–Ag alloy, we perform a molecular dynamics (MD) simulation on energetics and diffusion of point defects in Au and Ag metal. Our results indicate that the octahedral self-interstitial atom (SIA) is more stable than the tetrahedral SIA. The stability sequence of point defects for He atom in Au/Ag is: substitutional site octahedral interstitial site tetrahedral interstitial site. The He–V cluster (, V denotes vacancy) is the most stable at n = m. For the mono-vacancy diffusion, the MD calculation shows that the first nearest neighbour (1NN) site is the most favorable site on the basis of the nudged elastic band (NEB) calculation, which is in agreement with previous experimental data. There are two peaks for the second nearest neighbour (2NN) and the third nearest neighbour (3NN) diffusion curve in octahedral interstitial site for He atom, indicating that the 2NN and 3NN diffusion for octahedral SIA would undergo an intermediate defect structure similar to the 1NN site. The 3NN diffusion for the tetrahedral SIA and He atom would undergo an intermediate site in analogy to its initial structure. For diffusion of point defects, the vacancy, SIA, He atom and He–V cluster may have an analogous effect on the diffusion velocity in Ag.

Efficient solver for time-dependent Schrödinger equation with interaction between atoms and strong laser field**Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 11534004, 11627807, 11774131, and 11774130) and the Scientific and Technological Project of Jilin Provincial Education Department in the Thirteenth Five-Year Plan, China (Grant No. JJKH20170538KJ).

We present a parallel numerical method of simulating the interaction of atoms with a strong laser field by solving the time-depending Schrödinger equation (TDSE) in spherical coordinates. This method is realized by combining constructing block diagonal matrices through using the real space product formula (RSPF) with splitting out diagonal sub-matrices for short iterative Lanczos (SIL) propagator. The numerical implementation of the solver guarantees efficient parallel computing for the simulation of real physical problems such as high harmonic generation (HHG) in these interaction systems.

Discrete modulational instability and bright localized spin wave modes in easy-axis weak ferromagnetic spin chains involving the next-nearest-neighbor coupling**Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 11604121 and 11875126), the Natural Science Fund Project of Hunan Province, China (Grant No. 2017JJ3255), the National College Students’ Innovation Entrepreneurship Training Program, China (Grant No. 201810531014), and the Scientific

We report a theoretical work on the properties of modulational instability and bright type nonlinear localized modes in one-dimensional easy-axis weak ferromagnetic spin lattices involving next-nearest-neighbor couplings. With a linear stability analysis, we calculate the growth rates of the modulational instability, and plot the instability regions. When the strength of the next-nearest-neighbor coupling is large enough, two new asymmetric modulational instability regions appear near the boundary of the first Brillouin zone. Furthermore, analytical forms of the bright nonlinear localized modes are constructed by means of a quasi-discreteness approach. The influence of the next-nearest-neighbor coupling on the Brillouin zone center mode and boundary mode are discussed. In particular, we discover a reversal phenomenon of the propagation direction of the Brillouin zone boundary mode.

Nanosheet-structured B4C with high hardness up to 42 GPa**Project supported by the Scientific Research Fund of Jilin Provincial Education Department, China (Grant No. JJKH20190826KJ)

High-quality bulk boron carbide (B4C) is successfully prepared at high pressure and high temperature (HPHT) by using B4C powder as a precursor. The as-synthesized B4C possesses a nanosheet structure with a thickness value of 15 nm and a length of several dozen micrometers. Its Vickers hardness value and fracture toughness value are 42.4 GPa and , respectively, which are superior to those of B4C obtained from spark plasma sintering due to its high densification and nanosheet structure. Additionally, it shows good property of oxidation resistance. In air, its oxidation resistance temperature is 1100 °C which is higher than that of diamond under the same test condition.

Anisotropic Transport on Monolayer and Multilayer Phosphorene in the Presence of an Electric Field**Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No 11374002, the Scientific Research Fund of Hunan Provincial Education Department under Grant No 17A001, and the Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronic Materials Genome Engineering of Changsha University of Science and Technology.

We demonstrate theoretically the anisotropic quantum transport of electrons through an electric field on monolayer and multilayer phosphorene. Using the long-wavelength Hamiltonian with continuum approximation, we find that the transmission probability for transport through an electric field is an oscillating function of incident angle, electric field intensity, as well as the incident energy of electrons. By tuning the electric field intensity and incident angle, the channels can be transited from opaque to transparent. The conductance through the quantum waveguides depends sensitively on the transport direction because of the anisotropic effective mass, and the anisotropy of the conductance can be tuned by the electric field intensity and the number of layers. These behaviors provide us an efficient way to control the transport of phosphorene-based microstructures.

Low-Temperature Properties of CePt3P Tuned by Magnetic Field**Supported by the Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No LQ19A040006, and the Scientific Research Fund of Zhejiang Provincial Education Department under Grant No Y201840160.

We present low-temperature magnetization, magnetoresistance and specific heat measurements on the Kondo lattice compound CePt3P under applied magnetic fields up to 9.0 T. At zero field, CePt3P exhibits a moderately enhanced Sommerfeld coefficient of electronic specific heat γCe = 86 mJ/mol·K2 as well as two successive magnetic transitions of Ce 4f moments: an antiferromagnetic ordering at TN1 = 3.0K and a spin reorientation at TN2 = 1.9 K. The value of TN1 shifts to lower temperature as magnetic field increases, and it is ultimately suppressed around Bc ∼ 3.0T at 1.5 K. No evidence of non-Fermi liquid behavior is observed around Bc down to the lowest temperature measured. Moreover, γ decreases monotonously with increasing the magnetic field. On the other hand, the electrical resistivity shows an anomalous temperature dependence ρ ∝ Tn with the exponent n decreasing monotonously from ∼2.6 around Bc down to ∼1.7 for B = 9.0 T. The T–B phase diagram constructed from the present experimental results of CePt3P does not match the quantum criticality scenario of heavy fermion systems.

Three Kinds of Corneal Cells Contributed Differently to Neovascularization in Cornea

Background: Corneal neovascularization (angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis) compromises corneal transparency and transplant survival. The contribution and molecular mechanisms of three kinds of corneal host cells, including corneal epithelial, stromal, and endothelial cells, involved in corneal neovascularization are currently unclear. Methods: Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, immunoblotting, and ELISA were used to screen and identify potential neovascularization related factors in human full thickness vascularized corneal tissues. In vitro inflammation model, plasmid transfection, recombinant stimulation, tube formation assay, spheroid sprouting assay, and in vivo corneal neovascularization model were employed to clarify the contribution of three corneal host cells to neovascularization and identify the key proteins involved. Findings: All three kinds of corneal host cells could influence corneal neovascularization, but varied in degrees. Matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) in human corneal epithelial cells, MMP-2, and alpha-crystallin A chain (CRYAA) in human corneal stromal cells, and MMP-2 and galectin-8 in human corneal endothelial cells might be key proteins participating into corneal neovascularization, respectively. Interpretation: These data highlight that both the effects of key proteins and cornea host cells involved should be considered for therapy of corneal neovascularization. Funding Statement: This study was supported by the Nature Science Foundation of China (81470618), the Scientific Research Foundation of First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University (2017B013), the Major Program of Applied Technology Research and Development Plan of Heilongjiang Province (GY2016ZB0159), the Scientific Research Fund of Heilongjiang Provincial Education Department (12521262), the Scientific Research Fund of Heilongjiang Provincial Health Bureau (2011-031), the Special Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education (20132307120035), the Natural Science Foundation of China (81300728), the Natural Science Foundation of Heilongjiang Province of China (QC2010113), and the Postdoctoral Grant of Heilongjiang Province (LBH-Q12038). Declaration of Interests: The authors have no conflicts of interest to declare. Ethics Approval Statement: All experiments were conducted in accordance with Declaration of Helsinki Principles, and all experiments were performed with the approval of the Internal Review Board of Harbin Medical University. We obtained the informed consents from all patients prior to mortality or their family members following mortality for inclusion of autopsy specimens. The rats were housed in the Harbin Medical University Experimental Animal Resources Center in accordance with National Institutes of Health guidelines and operated upon using a research protocol approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee.

Possibilities for synthesis of new neutron-deficient isotopes of superheavy nuclei * * Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (11705055), Hunan Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China (2018JJ3324) and Excellent Youth Fund of Hunan Provincial Education Department (17B154)

This study investigates the optimal projectile/target combination for the production of new neutron-deficient isotopes of superheavy nuclei (SHN). To this end, the dependence of the evaporation residue cross-section (ERCS) used to synthesize SHN on the mass asymmetry and the isospin of colliding nuclei are analyzed within the dinuclear system (DNS) concept. The predicted ERCSs for the production of new neutron-deficient isotopes of SHN were found to be quite large with the 36S projectile, and the cross-section of SHN decreases slowly with the charge of compound nuclei owing to the increase in their survival probability, . Wsur is not canceled by the decreasing probability, PCN, that the system will evolve from a touching configuration to the compound nucleus in competition with the quasifission process.

High-Efficiency Quantum Routing in a Multi-Cross-Shaped Waveguide**Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant Nos 11247032 and 61765007, and the Scientific Research Foundation of the Jiangxi Provincial Education Department under Grant Nos GJJ170556 and GJJ180424.

Efficiently routing the quantum signals between different channels is essential in a quantum multichannel network. We investigate the quantum routing in a multi-cross-shaped waveguide coupled to driven three-level systems. Numerical results show that the high routing capacity transferring from the input channel to the other channels can be explicitly enhanced by effective reflection potentials. The proposed system may be utilized as a scalable quantum device to control single-photon routing.

Jarid1b Promotes Epidermal Differentiation by Mediating Repression of Ship1 and Activation of AKT/Ovol1 Pathway

The role of epigenetic regulators in the control of epithelial cell differentiation is largely undefined. Our studies showed that H3K4me3 was decreased during epidermal differentiation. Unexpectedly, both expression of histone methyltransferases and demethylases over H3K4me3 were elevated upon differentiation, suggesting the crucial role of demethylases in controlling of differentiation. Next we found that the demethylase Jarid1b positively regulated epidermal differentiation. ShRNA-mediated depletion of Jarid1b delayed the calcium induced HaCaT cell differentiation in vitro and impaired differentiation layer formation in reconstituted epidermis in vivo. Conversely, overexpression of Jarid1b increased epidermal differentiation gene expression and inhibited cell proliferation and migration in culture. Mechanistically, we found that Jarid1b substantially increased mesenchymal-epithelial transition (MET) gene expression, among which Ovol1 positively regulated differentiation gene expression. In addition，Ovol1 expression was repressed by PI3K-AKT pathway inhibitors and suppressor Ship1 overexpression. Knockdown of Ship1 activated downstream PI3K-AKT pathway and enhanced Ovol1 expression in HaCaT cells. Importantly, we found that Jarid1b negatively regulated Ship1 expression, but not of Pten, via directly binding to its promoter to modulate H3K4me3 enrichment. Taken together, our results indentify an essential role for Jarid1b in regulation of Ship1/AKT/Ovol1 pathway to promote epithelial cell differentiation. Funding Statement: This work was supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (81672662, 81701381, 81770978 and 81774248), Key Research and Development Program of Shandong Province (2017GSF18193, 2018GSF118012), Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province (ZR2014CM040) and Shandong Provincial Education Department Program (J14LK02). Declaration of Interests: The authors declare no conflict of interest. Ethics Approval Statement: All experimental protocols were approved by the ethics committee of animal care of Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University. All animal studies were performed in strict accordance with the approved protocol.

Quantum Fisher Information Gap for Systems with Nonlinear Hamiltonians**Supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China under Grant Nos. 2017YFA0304202 and 2017YFA0205700, the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No. 11875231, and the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities under Grant No. 2018FZA3005. B.L. acknowledges support by the Thirteenth Five-year Planning Project of Jilin

Quantum Fisher information (QFI) gap characterizes the stability of QFI to space directions. We study the QFI distributions and QFI gap for quantum states generated from nonlinear Hamiltonians for both spin and bosonic systems. We find that the same spin-squeezing parameter (or principle squeezing parameter) corresponds to two different values QFI gap, and the locations of all extreme points of the QFI are explicitly given.

Validity of extracting photoionization time delay from the first moment of streaking spectrogram**Project supported by the Talent Introduction Foundation of Qiannan Normal University of Nationalities, China (Grant No. qnsyrc201619), Natural Science Foundation of Guizhou Provincial Education Department for Young Talents, China (Grant No. Qian Education Contract KY[2017]339), and Chemical Sciences, Geosciences and Biosciences Division, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Office

Photoionization time delays have been studied in many streaking experiments in which an attosecond pulse is used to ionize the atomic or solid state target in the presence of a dressing infrared laser field. Among the methods of extracting the time delay from the streaking spectrogram, the simplest one is to calculate the first moment of the spectrogram and to measure its offset relative to the vector potential of the infrared field. The first moment method has been used in many theoretical simulations and analysis of experimental data, but the meaning of this offset needs to be investigated. We simulate the spectrograms and compare the extracted time delay from the first moment with the input Wigner delay. In this study, we show that the first moment method is valid only when the group delay dispersions corresponding to both the spectral phase of the attosecond pulse and the phase of the single-photon transition dipole matrix element of the target are small. Under such circumstance, the electron wave packet behaves like a classical particle and the extracted time delay can be related to a group delay in the photoionization process. To avoid ambiguity and confusion, we also suggest that the photoionization time delay be replaced by photoionization group delay and the Wigner time delay be replaced by Wigner group delay.