Prototype Of Monitoring System Research Articles

Using Hardware Events to Detect Side-Channel Attacks

The article discusses the monitoring system being developed by authors for the detection of Side-Channel Attacks, SCA. The theoretical justification of the chosen method of detecting SCA attacks is given: analysis of hardware events of the target system. The architecture of the monitoring system is described, including low-level data collection processes and an expert system that analyzes the collected data. The results of the proof-of-concept on various classes of SCA-attacks are presented. The paper considers a class of attacks on side-channels that use the processor cache to obtain secret information. A method of countering attacks of this class based on the use of a hardware event mechanism is proposed. As a result of the analysis of existing hardware events, predicates have been built for the Intel architecture, allowing one to identify the suspicious behavior of programs in the Linux OS environment. To test the proposed method, a prototype monitoring system was implemented that successfully coped with the detection of simulated SCA-attacks. The advantages and disadvantages of this method are considered, and the direction of further research is indicated.

Prototype of Voltage, Current, Temperature, and Oil Level Monitoring System in Transformers

Prototype of Voltage, Current, Temperature, and Oil Level Monitoring System in Transformers

Prototype of Solar Fuel Monitoring And Security System in Dump Truck Tank Based on SMS Gatway

The process of security and monitoring of fuel oil is one of the activities that is often overlooked. Fuel oil is a driver of industry on a large scale. The use of fuel is less controlled, so many people abuse the use of diesel fuel which has a fairly high selling price among the public. , so this research was built by utilizing an Arduino microcontroller, proximity sensor, ultrasonic sensor, LCD and utilizing a cellular network with a GSM module 900 device which can send messages. Through this research a system was obtained that can be used for security and monitoring of diesel fuel in tanks. truck to provide information on the condition of the amount of fuel in the tank whether it is suitable for use or not.

Prototype of Household Water Quality Monitoring System by Utilizing Internet of Things

This research aims to develop a household water quality monitoring system using the Internet of Things (IoT) by monitoring water quality parameters such as pH, Total Dissolved Solids (TDS), turbidity, and temperature in real time. The prototyping method in the development of this system allows continuous interaction between developers and users to meet the needs of the system. Data is collected through literature studies and observations to support system development. The results of this study are that every 1 minute, the sensor data is sent to the server, and then the sensor data will be displayed on the web platform; if the sensor data value is not at the predetermined value limit according to Permenkes number 2 of 2023, the displayed value will be red. The data collected by the sensor is sent to the server built with Node.js and stored in the PostgreSQL database. The monitoring results will also be displayed on a 20x4 I2C LCD. The system successfully monitors water quality parameters in real time, with results displayed on a web platform that is easily accessible to users. The implementation of IoT technology in this system provides an innovative solution for increasing public awareness of the importance of clean water quality. With this system, it is expected to create a healthier and safer household environment for families.

Monitoring the bogie lateral dynamics of a high-speed train through wireless sensor nodes

The condition monitoring of railway vehicles and of the infrastructure (track and overhead equipment) through the use of vehicle-based sensors is becoming a major trend for the railway industry and, to this aim, new rolling stock generations are often natively fitted with numerous sensors. However, older vehicles are not equipped with sensors and monitoring systems so that, considering the long service life of the rolling stock, advanced monitoring and condition-based maintenance techniques can only be applied to a relatively minor portion of the in-service railway fleets. This paper presents results from a research programme aimed at designing and testing an innovative monitoring system based on wireless sensor nodes, suitable for the retrofitting of older rolling stock generations, not natively equipped with advanced sensing and monitoring capabilities. The prototype monitoring system was used to detect the incipient bogie instability, which can be related to degradation in some suspension components or to increase of the equivalent conicity at wheel/rail contact. Different vehicle conditions and the influence of the track were considered in the study. Experimental tests have shown that is possible to identify not only how the vehicle condition is evolving in time but also the effect that maintenance operations like wheel reprofiling may have on the bogie lateral dynamics.

Performance of Cow Evaluation System Elements in Simulated Environmental Conditions

Animal phenotype assessment plays a crucial role in enhancing the genetic potential of domestic breeds. Currently, research is underway to digitize and automate phenotyping through optical systems, enabling the recognition and evaluation of animals’ linear parameters. A prototype of a non-contact monitoring system for livestock phenotype indicators is currently under development. The movement of animals within the model (a laboratory measuring stand) is restricted by a specially designed transparent barrier made of polyethylene terephthalate, enabling the capture of three-dimensional photographs of the animals’ exterior. To validate the suitability of glass for this purpose, laboratory tests were conducted. (Research purpose) The research aims to determine the degree of relationship between protective glass contamination and the accuracy of the optical animal recognition system. (Materials and methods) The paper outlines the specifications of the laboratory stand, facilities, and equipment used, along with the methods employed and experimental conditions. The probability of determining the degree of protective glass contamination was quantified on a scale of 0 to 1, with a value of 0.78 indicating a high likelihood of accurate determination. (Results and discussion) The findings reveal that the system for determining the linear parameters of animals can operate reliably even when the protective glass is contaminated up to 30 percent. When the contamination reaches 50 percent due to inadequate glass cleaning, the system’s ability to recognize points of interest reduces by a factor of 1.625. Furthermore, at 80 percent contamination, achieving high-quality data collection becomes unfeasible as the camera fails to recognize the object. Proper cleaning of the glass is imperative to maintain the system stability. (Conclusions) The optical system enables the recognition and evaluation of animals’ linear parameters, provided that the protective glass of the laboratory stand is contaminated by no more than 50 percent and undergoes high-quality cleaning. At lower levels of glass contamination, up to 30 percent, these estimates exhibit a 2.6-38 percent increase compared to other contamination levels.

Benefits of Usability Evaluation in the Development Process of Diabetes Technologies Using the Example of a Continuous Glucose Monitoring System Prototype.

Usability engineering analyzes the interaction between the intended users and a device. Its implementation is mandatory for manufacturers to obtain regulatory approval for the European market. The aim of this evaluation was assessing the role of usability testing in the development process. For this purpose, a continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) device under development was investigated to determine whether it could be used safely and effectively by the intended users. Conduct of the usability testing was based on the international standard IEC 62366-1. Medical device use of CGM-experienced and non-experienced users (n = 15 each) was observed without initial training in use scenarios containing 18 tasks. The success rate of task completion was determined and the System Usability Scale (SUS) score was calculated from a questionnaire. A prototype of the FiberSense CGM System (EyeSense GmbH, Großostheim, Germany), comprising of a single-use sensor and a reusable detector, was investigated. Most use errors made by both user groups were related to ease of handling of the reusable detectors. The SUS scores achieved in this study were below the pre-defined SUS score acceptance criterion of ≥68. The most frequently mentioned reason for use errors was an incomprehensible and non-chronological instructions for use (IFU). The evaluation provides valuable insights on how to improve usability of the prototype device and demonstrates the value of conducting structured usability testing prior to product finalization. The results reflected areas for improvement of the user interface, mainly by restructuring the IFU, provision of an additional leaflet, and device training prior to use.

Development and experimental validation of a prototype system for Machine Learning based SHM in composite aerostructures

The development and experimental validation of a Machine Learning (ML) vibration based Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) prototype system for composite aerostructures operating under uncertainty is presented. Following initial training, it is intended to operate autonomously, in almost real-time, without interrupting normal operation, relying on a limited number of acceleration and strain measurements from properly selected locations on the aerostructure. It is equipped with a multi-level information fusion methodology comprising multiple sensor technologies and diagnostic algorithms for optimized SHM performance in terms of damage detection and characterization. Through its flexible software, the system provides multiple options of ML based SHM methods targeting wide applicability to various types of structures. The system is validated based on numerous experiments with healthy and damaged full-scale composite bonded spars operating under multiple uncertainty factors. Its diagnostic performance indicates that the current progress in hardware and robust vibration-based Machine Learning algorithms may lead to compact, effective, and low cost SHM systems for composite aerostructures under normal operating conditions.

Prototype of monitoring system with power supply via optical fiber

Prototype of monitoring system with power supply via optical fiber

The prototype of a real-time monitoring system for global structural responses of beam structure using wireless sensor network

Recently, the method of structural response analysis using a limited amount of multi-response data (SRALMR) that can estimate global structural responses was developed and verified with numerical analysis models. As a next step of the validation using the numerical analysis model, a prototype of monitoring system for global structural response (PMS-GSR) was established using wireless sensor network and SRALMR in this study. In addition, the graphical user interface was constructed for estimation performance analysis and user convenience. The experimental validation of PMS-GSR was conducted for beam structure under four load cases (LCs) and sensor-layout cases (SLCs). The experimental specimens were 2-span and 3-span beams, and a wireless sensor network including displacement, slope, and strain sensors was used. Finally, the global displacement, slope, and strain were estimated using PMS-GSR, and estimated global responses were analyzed according to the LCs and SLCs.

Carbon Monoxide Monitoring System Prototype based on Laravel

Abstrak – Indonesia dengan kekayaan alam yang luar biasa, menghadapi ancaman serius berupa pencemaran udara. Peningkatan kadar karbon monoksida (CO), gas beracun dari berbagai aktivitas manusia, menjadi perhatian utama. Sumbernya berasal dari transportasi dan industri, terutama dari pembakaran bahan bakar fosil. Kebakaran hutan juga turut berkontribusi. Karbon monoksida dapat merugikan kesehatan manusia dan lingkungan, menciptakan hujan asam dan merusak lapisan ozon. Menggunakan sensor MQ-7, Wemos D1 R2, Laravel dan MySQL. Pada penelitian ini menerapkan website untuk menampilkan hasil pengolahan data dari sensor MQ-7 menggunakan Wemos D1 R2. Hasil dari pengujian sensor MQ-7 nilai PPM memiliki prosentase kesalahan dari terkecil sebesar 2,5% dan terbesar dengan prosentase kesalahan 47,5% dan hasil pengukuran dari sensor MQ-7dapat dilihat di website monitoring dengan koneksi internet.

Acceptance and User Experiences of a Wearable Device for the Management of Hospitalized Patients in COVID-19-Designated Wards in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam: Action Learning Project.

Wearable devices have been used extensively both inside and outside of the hospital setting. During the COVID-19 pandemic, in some contexts, there was an increased need to remotely monitor pulse and saturated oxygen for patients due to the lack of staff and bedside monitors. A prototype of a remote monitoring system using wearable pulse oximeter devices was implemented at the Hospital for Tropical Diseases in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam, from August to December 2021. The aim of this work was to support the ongoing implementation of the remote monitoring system. We used an action learning approach with rapid pragmatic methods, including informal discussions and observations as well as a feedback survey form designed based on the technology acceptance model to assess the use and acceptability of the system. Based on these results, we facilitated a meeting using user-centered design principles to explore user needs and ideas about its development in more detail. In total, 21 users filled in the feedback form. The mean technology acceptance model scores ranged from 3.5 (for perceived ease of use) to 4.4 (for attitude) with behavioral intention (3.8) and perceived usefulness (4.2) scoring in between. Those working as nurses scored higher on perceived usefulness, attitude, and behavioral intention than did physicians. Based on informal discussions, we realized there was a mismatch between how we (ie, the research team) and the ward teams perceived the use and wider purpose of the technology. Designing and implementing the devices to be more nurse-centric from their introduction could have helped to increase their efficiency and use during the complex pandemic period.

Preliminary results of an IoT-based prototype monitoring system for physicochemical parameters and water level in an aquifer: Case of Santa Marta, Colombia

The city of Santa Marta faces a significant potable water shortage of around 1600 liters daily, worsened by insufficient water sources and outdated supply systems. Annual precipitation of 362 mm exacerbates the problem. Groundwater, comprising 40% of the current supply, aims to alleviate this, yet doubts linger about water source quality and sustainability in a city with over half a million residents. This study employed real-time IoT monitoring for pH, dissolved oxygen, conductivity, and temperature. Data was Python-analyzed and graphed. Results indicate aquifer characteristic fluctuations, maintaining temperature and conductivity within limits, but with low dissolved oxygen and alkaline pH.

An Implementation of a Single Board Computer as a Home Vital Sign Monitoring System Using a Raspberry-Pi

Health monitoring and related technologies are a growing area of research. The embedded technology enables designing and manufacturing a single board computer (SBC) based vital signs monitoring system prototype. This study aims to develop and test an equipped with a monitor of vital signs, including electrocardiogram, heart rate (HR), respiratory rate (RR), and body temperature. The results showed that the prototype could work well, all parameters could be displayed on the 7" TFT touch screen, and the operation used Bahasa instructions. Qualitative test results show all the parts and the function is working correctly. Quantitative heart rate test results show an accuracy of 95% with a range of 30-200 bpm and 93% for the temperature parameter.

Design and Implementation of IoT Based Rivers Monitoring System

Water is the most essential element for human life after air, hence the amount and quality of water resources must be monitored by the appropriate government agencies. The goal of this research is to create and implement an IoT‐based rivers monitoring prototype system. Two basic components make up the proposed system: the first component represents the node points, and the second component represents the control point. In order to achieve continuous updates of the information via Internet from the node side, ESP32 with its built‐in Wi‐Fi adapter was utilized. The node should pinpoint three major situations, Normal, High. and Low of river water, and then transfer it using IoT to the control point to take an action depending on conditions at the river. © 2023 Institute of Electrical Engineer of Japan and Wiley Periodicals LLC.

Prototype of Forest and Land Fire Monitoring and Detection System Using IoT-Based WSN Technology

Forest and land fires are a recurrent issue in several Indonesian regions, necessitating advanced technological solutions for early detection and monitoring due to their significant impact. This research project focuses on developing a prototype system utilizing IoT-based Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) technology to detect forest and land fires. The prototype offers real-time remote monitoring of temperature, humidity, smoke levels, and wind speed in the forest through an Android app or web interface. To validate its performance, the prototype was compared to existing BMKG tools, with results showing minor temperature errors (2.41%) and a humidity error of 17.68%. The anemometer sensor exhibited a slight 4-second data transmission delay. Importantly, the prototype excelled in fire detection, effectively identifying temperature and humidity changes within a 2-meter radius or more indicative of fire outbreaks. This pioneering prototype promises to significantly enhance early warning and response mechanisms for forest and land fires in Indonesia, contributing to more effective environmental conservation and disaster management.

MONITORING PEMAKAIAN ARUS DAN PENGENDALI INTENSITAS CAHAYA PADA LAMPU BERBASIS INTERNET OF THINGS MENGGUNAKAN ANDROID

The switch on and off of a light takes time when it has to be done in a lot of space. Not to mention in a multistoried building that had to turn the lights on and off on each floor of the building and in each room. Not only that, the omission in turning on and off lights would be very dangerous if left unchecked. Besides electrical waste, a fire starter will occur when lights will run continuously. To make it easier for users to engage in daily activities in turn off lights especially in many areas, it is suggested in this study that a prototype of the current monitoring system and light intensity control for lights based on the Internet of things which the design would be integrated with wi-fi and android. The prototype was built to provide the solution by turning off and turning on the lights without having to move from place to place. Designed by simple looks, the user can control it via the android. With the prototypes and created systems it is expected to make user activity easier and minimise the user negligence factor in turning on and off lights that can overload electricity to fire triggers.

Measuring Heat Stress for Human Health in Cities: A Low-Cost Prototype Tested in a District of Valencia, Spain.

Nowadays, the measurement of heat stress indices is of principal importance due to the escalating impact of global warming. As temperatures continue to rise, the well-being and health of individuals are increasingly at risk, which can lead to a detrimental effect on human performance and behavior. Hence, monitoring and assessing heat stress indices have become necessary for ensuring the safety and comfort of individuals. Thermal comfort indices, such as wet-bulb globe temperature (WBGT), Tropical Summer Index (TSI), and Predicted Heat Strain (PHS), as well as parameters like mean radiant temperature (MRT), are typically used for assessing and controlling heat stress conditions in working and urban environments. Therefore, measurement and monitoring of these parameters should be obtained for any environment in which people are constantly exposed. Modern cities collect and publish this relevant information following the Smart City concept. To monitor large cities, cost-effective solutions must be developed. This work presents the results of a Heat Stress Monitoring (HSM) system prototype network tested in the Benicalap-Ciutat Fallera district in Valencia, Spain. The scope of this work is to design, commission, and test a low-cost prototype that is able to measure heat stress indices. The Heat Stress Monitoring system comprises a central unit or receiver and several transmitters communicating via radiofrequency. The transmitter accurately measures wind speed, air temperature, relative humidity, atmospheric pressure, solar irradiation, and black globe temperature. The receiver has a 4G modem that sends the data to an SQL database in the cloud. The devices were tested over one year, showing that radio data transmission is reliable up to 700 m from the receiver. The system's power supply, composed of a Photovoltaic panel and Lithium-ion batteries, provided off-grid capabilities to the transmitter, with a tested backup autonomy of up to 36 days per charge. Then, indicators such as WBGT, TSI, and MRT were successfully estimated using the data collected by the devices. The material cost of a 12-point network is around EUR 2430 with a competitive price of EUR 190 per device.

A non-interventive monitoring system prototype for chronic patients with hypertension and asthma.

Monitoring the vital signs of chronic patients with hypertension, asthma, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) aids in disease prevention. This study enhances the patient quality of life while adding to the corpus of information about electronic medical devices. The requirements for both the functional and non-functional system architecture were determined and designs were made. Diagrams were used to describe the system's parts, behaviour, and connections before implementation. Although the project's development produced a remote monitoring system prototype with outcomes comparable to those of patented and regarded as reliable devices, CCFHAC is not yet prepared to be considered a fully finished good that can be used to define a person's health status with absolute certainty. This endeavour marks a step in investigating how the Internet of Things might improve the quality of life for Jordanian patients.

User Acceptance for Multitask IoT Monitoring and Controlling System for Salt Ponds

The process of making salt is still done manually by filling water into reservoirs and plots which require salt farmers to visit their farms periodically. This is mainly because the speed of the salt crystalization process is always inconsistent due to salt concentration in seawater and the weather. This study aims to build a new prototype of a water level monitoring system in reservoirs and plots in salt ponds then measure the water's salinity value, which will be reported to the farmers. The method used in this research is prototyping, which includes system requirement analysis, rapid design, prototype building, system evaluation, and system improvement. The system was tested using the black box method, namely testing all system functionality and determining user satisfaction with questionnaires. The functionality test results, including monitoring the water level and the pump control, show that the prototype functions correctly. The designed system can send information in the form of water level values in reservoirs, water levels in plots, and salinity values with linear sensor accuracy with measurement results with conventional measuring instruments with standard error values of 0.485, 0.44, and 0.72, respectively. Applying this system will ease farmers’ monitoring of water levels and controlling irrigation in reservoirs and plots.