Prototype Of Monitoring System Research Articles

Mechanisms and Early Warning of Drought Disasters: Experimental Drought Meteorology Research over China

Abstract A major experimental drought research project entitled “Mechanisms and Early Warning of Drought Disasters over Northern China” (DroughtEX_China) was launched by the Ministry of Science and Technology of China in 2015. The objective of DroughtEX_China is to investigate drought disaster mechanisms and provide early-warning information via multisource observations and multiscale modeling. Since the implementation of DroughtEX_China, a comprehensive V-shape in situ observation network has been established to integrate different observational experiment systems for different landscapes, including crops in northern China. In this article, we introduce the experimental area, observational network configuration, ground- and air-based observing/testing facilities, implementation scheme, and data management procedures and sharing policy. The preliminary observational and numerical experimental results show that the following are important processes for understanding and modeling drought disasters over arid and semiarid regions: 1) the soil water vapor–heat interactions that affect surface soil moisture variability, 2) the effect of intermittent turbulence on boundary layer energy exchange, 3) the drought–albedo feedback, and 4) the transition from stomatal to nonstomatal control of plant photosynthesis with increasing drought severity. A prototype of a drought monitoring and forecasting system developed from coupled hydroclimate prediction models and an integrated multisource drought information platform is also briefly introduced. DroughtEX_China lasted for four years (i.e., 2015–18) and its implementation now provides regional drought monitoring and forecasting, risk assessment information, and a multisource data-sharing platform for drought adaptation over northern China, contributing to the global drought information system (GDIS).

Design and Evaluation of a Prototype System for Real-Time Monitoring of Vehicle Honking

Misuse of vehicle horns by irresponsible drivers can be a source of noise pollution. The first step in eliminating such misuse is to monitor horn use in order to identify the culprit. This paper reports the development of an effective overhead honking monitoring system for this purpose. Integrating techniques of sensor array, time sequence analysis, sound source localization, and data fusion, this proposed system recognizes the sound of vehicle horn, determines the position of the sound-emitting vehicle, and visualizes it in an image captured by the road monitoring camera. The performance of this proposed system has been evaluated via experiments conducted under different typical urbane scenarios.

Energy Monitoring System Based on Internet of Things Toward Smart Campus in Institut Teknologi Sumatera

The critical subject to provide energy consumption graphs from a building is an energy monitoring system. With the rapid Internet of Things (IoT) development, it is possible to develop a better energy monitoring system based on IoT. This system presents the real-time energy consumption data. Hence, this paper proposes the development of an energy monitoring system prototype based on IoT for buildings in Institut Teknologi Sumatera campus area. The current and voltage are measured in real-time for each wiring phase on the building electrical panel. The data is collected in the cloud server and displayed in a web-based system using custom web panel. Finally, the prototype is implemented in the building during 24/7 for one week achieving about 97% of the accuracy.

Vibration Analysis on Rotating Machines using Fast Fourier Transform (FFT)

The history has record that heavy industries face major problems that causes by variant types of mechanical failures came from rotating machines. The Vibrations in rotating machine almost fond in everywhere, due to unbalances, misalignments and imperfect part, analytical approaches has shown that vibration monitoring has great capability in detecting and addressing the defect particular part in the machine line .The vibration velocities and vibration load will be measured at different speeds using The Time-frequency analysis at initial condition. The result of vibration readings spectrum analysis and phase analysis can be determining the figure of vibrations character, and the causes of height vibration will be found. By reading the spectrum unbalance will be identified. When the unbalanced part was balanced then we found that the vibration was decrease. The Vibration experimental frequency spectrum test will be conduct for both balanced and unbalanced condition and also in different speed conditions. To full fill the vibration analysis test, in this experimental research a prototype of vibration monitoring system was constructed. The vibration can be generated and the system performance can be monitored. In this prototype the signal from load cell and velocity sensor will be processed in microcontroller and send to computer where FFT will processed the signal to create spectrum in the computer display. The actual final result of Vibration analysis test will be provide after finish the vibrations analysis test that will be done latter, therefore the chart result on this paper is based on theoretical only.

The prototype of infant incubator monitoring system based on the internet of things using NodeMCU ESP8266

Growth parameters that parents often pay attention and monitoring for their infants are weight and temperature to determine the health condition of the infant. Parents don’t realize that the size of the head circumference reflects the brain volume. The head circumference is an important thing that should always be monitored the growth to see whether the infant’s brain grow and develop normally or not. Generally, doctors or midwives use a separate measuring instrument. The use of separate measuring instruments requires considerable time and digital measuring instrument. This study aims to make a tool in one system that consists of three measurement parameters including weight, temperature, and head circumference. The tool can record the parameters automatically. The parameters automatically measure the infant’s weight, temperature, and head circumference to determine the condition of the infant. The tool is operated through IoT (internet of things) which can facilitate paramedic to monitor the infant’s situation wherever and whenever through internet network that can be accessed via web or Android. The three parameters are controlled directly with the NodeMCU ESP8266 module using two ultrasonic sensors to determine the circumference of the infant’s head, the weight sensor using load cell, and the temperature sensor using an SHT31 temperature sensor. It is expected that this tool can help the paramedic work to act quickly because it can monitor the state of the infant online.

Deformation monitoring using GNSS-R technology

GNSS reflectometry (GNSS-R) has been widely studied in recent years for various applications, such as soil moisture monitoring, biomass analysis, and sea state monitoring. This paper presents the concept of a novel application of using GNSS-R technology for deformation monitoring. Instead of installing GNSS on the deformation body to sense the movement, GNSS-R deformation monitoring system estimates the deformation from receiving GNSS signal reflected by the deformation body remotely. A prototype of GNSS-R deformation monitoring system has been developed based on GNSS software receiver technology. A 3D geometrical model of GNSS signal reflection has been used to reveal the relationship between the change of carrier phase difference and deformation. After compensating the propagation path delay changes caused by satellite movement, the changes in the remaining carrier phase difference are linked to the deformation. Field tests have been carried using the GNSS-R system developed and the results show sub-centimeter level deformation can be observed with the new technology. Unlike other GNSS deformation monitoring methods, GNSS-R receivers are not installed on the slope which makes this new technology more attractive.

Research and Design of Cable Partial Discharge Online Monitoring Technology Based on GPS Clock Wireless Synchronization

A prototype of cable partial discharge online monitoring system was presented in this paper, including partial discharge sensor, partial discharge collector, GPS wireless synchronization system, centralized monitoring host and operation software. Real-time cable partial discharge monitoring data transmitted wirelessly, analyzed by platform software, and output information of time domain waveform, frequency waveform, discharge quantity, PRPD spectra of discharge number-discharge quantity-power frequency phase, locating information of partial discharge, history record and query of partial record and alarm severity of partial discharge.

A proposal of integrated worker-monitoring system towards ergonomic manufacturing environment

Relationship between Japan and Malaysia is getting closer in academia as well as in industry. As a result, critical issues have been raised and shared among the researchers from both countries. For example, ergonomic consideration on workers in manufacturing work was one of these issues. Physical safety and mental stability could not only provide job satisfaction to the workers, but also could enhance productivity in manufacturing. This study develops a prototype of ergonomics working monitoring system to evaluate working posture in a manufacturing work environment. Integrating the environmental measurements and body posture measurement, a prototype monitoring system called ergonomic posture and environment monitoring system (ErgoPEM) was developed. The analysis of worker posture on right upper limb assessment (RULA) was applied to ErgoPEM. Reviewing the experimental results using ErgoPEM in a manufacturing industry, this paper discusses the feasibility of this idea as a solution to the ergonomics issues in manufacturing industries.

Survey on Privacy Preservation in Big Data for Healthcare Monitoring

This paper represents the prototype of health monitoring system using Big Data. this brings several Advantage to the healthcare industry by way of providing timely patient care services, proactive disease detection, real-time monitoring among others. The major challenge faced by healthcare providers on safeguarding the confidentiality of patients’ data.if confidentiality is not well maintained, people may be unable to share their data. Because security has been investigated as a new dimension, “veracity,” in big data, we aim to exploit new challenges of big data in terms of security and devote our attention toward efficient and privacy-preserving computing in the big data era. Specifically, we primary formalize the basic architecture of big data analytics, identify the corresponding privacy requirements, and introduce an efficient and privacy Triple DES as an example in response to data mining’s efficiency and privacy requirements in the big data era. The results of this research exhibit that the proposed system has better secured database access and maintain privacy for all patient data than the traditional database.

Reliability Assessment Tool: Development and Prototype Testing

This paper presents a monitoring system that was developed to assess travel time reliability for observed operating conditions by utilizing traffic stream and non-transportation related data. A prototype was created for an interstate highway route in the Research Triangle region of North Carolina. It describes how the input datasets were obtained, the required data fusion procedures, how the data were analyzed to create the monitoring system outputs, and relevant insights obtained from the reliability monitoring system prototype.

Random forest based intelligent fault diagnosis for PV arrays using array voltage and string currents

With the rapid growth of installed capacity of photovoltaic power systems, status monitoring and fault diagnosis of PV arrays becomes increasingly important for improving the energy conversion and maintenance efficiency. In recent years, many machine learning algorithms were successfully applied to automatically build fault diagnosis models using the fault data samples. However, most of them suffer overfitting problem and the generalization performance is still limited. In this paper, the random forest (RF) ensemble learning algorithm is explored for the detection and diagnosis of PV arrays early faults (including line-line faults, degradation, open circuit, and partial shading), which combines multiple learning algorithms to achieve a superior diagnostic performance. The proposed RF based fault diagnosis model only takes the real-time operating voltage and string currents of the PV arrays as the fault features, which is irrelevant to the environment conditions. In addition, a grid-search method is used to optimize the parameters of the RF model by minimizing the out-of-bag error estimation, so as to improve the fault diagnosis model. In order to obtain sufficient fault data samples, comprehensive fault experiments are conducted on both a Simulink based simulated PV system and a laboratory PV system. The simulation and experimental results both demonstrate that the optimized RF based fault diagnosis model can achieve a high overall detection and diagnosis performance. Moreover, the comparison results indicate that the generalization performance of the proposed RF based model is better than the one of the decision tree based model. Therefore, the proposed optimal RF based method is an effective and efficient alternative to detect and classify the faults of PV arrays. Furthermore, the proposed RF based fault diagnosis model is successfully integrated into a Matlab based real-time monitoring system prototype developed for the laboratory PV system, which validates the practicability as well.

Motion Characteristic Analysis of a Floating Structure in the South China Sea Based on Prototype Monitoring

Due to the complexity of ocean environmental loading models and the nonlinearity and empirical parameters involved in hydrodynamic numerical modeling and model testing, many uncertainties still exist in the design and operation of floating platforms. On-site prototype measurements provide a valid strategy for obtaining accurate environmental loading parameters and floater motion responses. A prototype monitoring system was built as part of a joint industrial project in the South China Sea. Long-term ocean environmental loading parameter data and structural dynamic motion responses were collected from 2012 to the present. In this study, the dynamic motions of the platform structure were analyzed using an artificial neural network (ANN) and data obtained during a typhoon. Numerical modeling was performed to analyze the platform parameters using a radial basis function (RBF), and hydrodynamic modeling was conducted using ansys-aqwa. Five geometric parameters related to the platform design were selected for optimization and included the mass, moments of inertia of the three rotation degrees, and the position of the center of gravity (COG). The mean values of the surge and pitch and the standard deviations of the roll and pitch were used as the input parameters. The model validations showed that the proposed ANN-based method performed well for obtaining the optimal platform parameters. The maximum errors of the roll, pitch, surge, and sway motions were within 5%. The updated response amplitude operators (RAOs) and new design indices for a 100-year return period of a typhoon were determined to guide operations and evaluate platform designs.

Análisis de requerimientos para un sistema nacional de monitoreo de puentes

Los puentes representan un componente fundamental de la infraestructura vial de cualquier país. Daños y deficiencias en puentes pueden tener un impacto directo en la ejecución de actividades socio-económicas de la población en general. En Costa Rica, aún no se cuenta con un inventario completo de puentes en rutas nacionales por lo que resulta muy difícil conocer su condición real para poder diseñar y desarrollar un adecuado plan de mantenimiento e intervención a largo plazo, así como priorizar mejor la inversión de recursos estatales. Para abordar este problema, el proyecto de investigación e-Bridge 3.0 planteado en el Instituto Tecnológico de Costa Rica, tiene como objetivo principal diseñar un prototipo de un sistema de monitoreo de puentes que permita integrar información de las estructuras existentes con el fin de apoyar la toma de decisiones por parte de diversos actores e instituciones en el área de gestión vial. Como base para el diseño del prototipo, se realizó una fase de análisis de requerimientos, incluyendo una revisión de trabajos relacionados y una comparación detallada de sistemas existentes que condujeron a la identificación de los actores, la información y los procesos principales que deben ser tomados en cuenta por un sistema de este tipo. También se llevó a cabo un taller de consulta con un grupo de potenciales usuarios del sistema para validar los requerimientos. Este artículo resume los resultados obtenidos del análisis de los requerimientos funcionales más importantes que debe considerar un sistema nacional de monitoreo de puentes.

Multi-Sensor Estimation for Unreliable Wireless Networks with Contention-Based Protocols

The state estimation plays an irreplaceable role in many real applications since it lays the foundation for decision-making and control. This paper studies the multi-sensor estimation problem for a contention-based unreliable wireless network. At each time step, no more than one sensor can communicate with the base station due to the potential contention and collision. In addition, data packets may be lost during transmission since wireless channels are unreliable. A novel packet arrival model is proposed which simultaneously takes into account the above two issues. Two scenarios of wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are considered: the sensors transmit the raw measurements directly and the sensors send the local estimation instead. Based on the obtained packet arrival model, necessary and sufficient stability conditions of the estimation at the base station side are provided for both network scenarios. In particular, all offered stability conditions are expressed by simple inequalities in terms of the packet arrival rates and the spectral radius of the system matrix. Their relationships with existing related results are also discussed. Finally, the proposed results are demonstrated by simulation examples and an environment monitoring prototype system.

Natural gas pipeline safety monitoring technique based on chaotic characteristics of the detected signals

Hydrate plugging and leakage are big issues in natural gas industry which can lead to huge economic costs, serious environmental destruction and life loss. In this paper, the acoustic reflection theories for leakage detection are studied and the chaotic characteristics of the detected signals are analyzed to distinguish hydrate plugging and leakage. A monitoring prototype system has been built for trials, in which incident acoustic waves are emitted into a pipeline by a transmitter and reflected waves caused by hydrate plugging or leakage are acquired by a receiver near the transmitter and amplified for further analysis. The experimental results demonstrate that the system can detect and locate both hydrate plugging and leakage at multiple positions online with good accuracy. Signal analysis results indicate that the difference in the chaotic characteristics of the detected signals for hydrate plugging and leakage could be used to distinguish the two types of abnormal events.

A wireless instrumented milling cutter system with embedded PVDF sensors

Among all the monitoring data which could be captured in a machining process, the cutting forces could convey key knowledge on the conditions of the process. When the machining involves a single cutting edge the relationship between the output forces (measured with off-the-shelf dynamometers) and condition of the process, is somehow straight forward. However, when multiple cutting edges are in contact with the workpiece, the conventional dynamometers, that cannot separate the reaction forces on each cutting edge, lose significant information that could be used to in-detail monitor the machining process. To this end, this paper presents a novel concept of instrumented wireless milling cutter system with embedded thin film sensors in each cutting inserts, thus the cutting forces acting on each cutting edge could be monitored without reducing the stiffness and dynamic characteristics of the machining system. For this to happen, a dedicated milling force decoupling model for the developed instrumented milling cutter system is proposed and calibrated, and for the first time the accurate on-line estimation of the separate inserts’ working conditions is achieved. The validation demonstrates a satisfactory agreement between the forces measured from the dynamometer and the proposed monitoring system prototype with the error less than 10%. Furthermore, the experimental results also indicate that the monitoring system prototype could also identify the tool insert conditions such as worn and chipped, which could be of high relevance to the analysis of the insert failure mechanism and its progress. Not only the proposed method and easy implementable but above all, it allows the monitoring of the condition (e.g. worn, chipped) of each insert, ability that has not been previously reported.

Prototype of Monitoring and Control System of SCADA-based Water Tank Level

The monitoring and water level controlling system is one sample of the simple industrial automation. Monitoring and controlling SCADA based water level can make it easier to do observation and controlling real time. This research have to design system water level control using ultrasonic sensors and equipped with display interface on laptop. This research is an R&D research that starts from the phase of problem identification, desing, and testing. Test results show good performance in accordance with the desired, where the water pump can be turned on when the water level at the reservoir reaches 10 cm and will be stopped automatically if the water level in tank reaches 70 cm. Monitoring and controlling water level can be done in real time on the laptop interface. So this system can be used as an alternative SCADA learning Media.

Smart Health Monitoring System using Sensors

In real life, we have to constantly monitor the patient. As of now there is no automatic alerting system has not been implemented which will notify a helper or relative a patient who is at a remote location. In this project, we monitor pulse rate, temperature and generate ECG with the help of sensor. Sensors sense the records the value and sends those to android phone . In case of emergency, message is sent to the patients relative. And also the appointments at the hospital will be reminded to the patient. The focus of the project is to build an android platform based application, which uses the idea of IOT. Moreover, we present a prototype of a basic health-care monitoring system, which alerts, in real time patients relative that an elderly people has experienced a problem that could need medical attention or hospitalization.

A Wireless Health Monitoring System Using Mobile Phone Accessories

This paper presents the design and prototype of a wireless health monitoring system using mobile phone accessories. We focus on measuring real-time electrocardiogram (ECG) and heart rate monitoring using a smartphone case. With the increasing number of cardiac patients worldwide, this design can be used for early detection of heart diseases. Unlike most of the existing methods that use an optical sensor to monitor heart rate, our approach is to measure real-time ECG with dry electrodes placed on smartphone case. The collected ECG signal can be stored and analyzed in real time through a smartphone application for prognosis and diagnosis. The proposed hardware system consists of a single chip microcontroller (RFduino) embedded with Bluetooth low energy, hence miniaturizing the size and prolonging battery life. The system called “smart case” has been tested in a laboratory environment. We also designed a 3-D printed smartphone case to validate the feasibly of the system. The results demonstrated that the proposed system could be comparable to medical grade devices.

Noninvasive Online Condition Monitoring of Output Capacitor’s ESR and C for a Flyback Converter

Since electrolytic capacitors are primarily responsible for breakdowns in power electronics converters and have the trait of high failure rate, their reliability is a tremendous concern. Consequently, an appropriate monitoring as well as fault diagnosis system should be laid emphasis on. In this paper, an original and accurate online scheme applied to estimate the output capacitor of the flyback converter is put forward. By analyzing the voltage ripple of the output electrolytic capacitor in detail, an online mathematical model for the equivalent series resistance (ESR) and capacitance (C) is derived. A trigger circuit and an isolated amplification circuit are designed to catch the output voltage ripple values at certain instants of switching cycle, which are sent to digital signal processor for the calculation of ESR and C. The proposed scheme is noninvasive as no extra current sensor is needed. In order to verify the feasibility of the scheme, a prototype of the online monitoring system is built and experiments are conducted.