Service Protocol Research Articles

Cloud-edge load balancing distributed protocol for IoE services using swarm intelligence.

Rapid development of the Internet of Everything (IoE) and cloud services offer a vital role in the growth of smart applications. It provides scalability with the collaboration of cloud servers and copes with a big amount of collected data for network systems. Although, edge computing supports efficient utilization ofcommunication bandwidth, and latency requirements to facilitate smart embedded systems. However, it faces significant research issues regarding data aggregation among heterogeneous networkservices and objects. Moreover, distributed systems are more precise for data access and storage, thus machine-to-machine is needed to be secured from unpredictable events. As a result, this research proposed secured data management with distributed load balancing protocol using particle swarm optimization, which aims to decrease the response time for cloud users and effectively maintain the integrity of network communication. It combines distributed computing and shift high costcomputations closer to the requesting node to reduce latency and transmission overhead. Moreover, the proposed work also protects the communicating machines from malicious devices by evaluating the trust in a controlled manner. Simulation results revealed a significant performance of the proposed protocol in comparison to other solutions in terms of energy consumption by 20%, success rate by 17%, end-to-end delay by 14%, and network cost by 19% as average in the light of variousperformance metrics.

Evaluating clinical pharmacists' involvement in postoperative acute pain services: a multicenter survey in Guangdong Province, China.

Objective: Postoperative pain management is an important part of surgical pharmacy. Postoperative acute pain services in China are in their initial stages. This survey aimed to investigate the attitudes, involvement, and knowledge of clinical pharmacists in China regarding postoperative acute pain services. The results can provide valuable information to guide clinical pharmacists in developing targeted strategies to improve their postoperative acute pain service capabilities. Methods: A questionnaire was distributed to the pharmacy departments of 133 grade A tertiary hospitals in Guangdong province, and the responses were collected electronically. Results: 123 completed questionnaires were collected from clinical pharmacists. Although 95.93% of clinical pharmacists believed they should participate in postoperative pain services, only 62.6% reported substantial involvement. Overall satisfaction with the postoperative pain service was 93.5%. Understanding of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and opioid analgesics by clinical pharmacists was comparable (p > 0.05). Furthermore, 98.37% of clinical pharmacists desired systematic learning in postoperative pain management, and 40.65% expressed a strong need. Conclusion: Clinical pharmacists in China demonstrate a positive attitude toward participating in postoperative acute pain services. However, the actual level of involvement was concerning, and the lack of systematic training and well-established work protocols may be contributing factors. Efforts should be made to establish comprehensive and standardized processes and work protocols for postoperative acute pain services and provide systematic and hierarchical professional training to enhance clinical pharmacists' capabilities in postoperative acute pain services.

SROS2 with OIDC（OpenID Connect）—サービスロボットに対する命令の信頼性を担保する技術

More robots are involved with humans, such as cooperative robots. When providing services based on user attributes (name, authority, location information, etc.) or authentication (face, fingerprints, etc.), developers must be careful to protect personal information. Therefore, we developed and released a package called “sros2_oidc”. The app adopts the OIDC (OpenID Connect) as an authentication protocol. It is one of the standard authentication protocols for online services. And combined with SROS2, personal information is sent through a secure route to the end of the robots.

Development of a Digital Platform: A Perspective to Advance Space Telepharmacy.

Goal: Lessons learned from decades of human spaceflight have helped advance the delivery of healthcare in rural and remote areas of the globe. Inclusion of the public in spaceflights is not yet accompanied by technology capable of monitoring their physical and mental health, managing clinical conditions, and rapidly identifying medical emergencies. Telepharmacy is a practice prioritizing pharmacotherapeutic guidance and monitoring to help improve patient quality of life, and can potentially expand the field of space medicine. We seek to advance pharmaceutical care through telepharmacy by developing a digital platform. Objective: This study focuses on the development of a digital platform for teleassistance and pharmaceutical teleconsulting services that builds on lessons learned in delivering space medicine. Methods: The platform contains evidence-based information on various drugs grouped by medical specialty, and also records and saves patient appointments. It has specific service protocols for service standardization, including artificial intelligence, to allow agility in services and escalation. All data is protected by privacy and professional ethics guidelines. Results: The telepharmacy platform is ready and currently undergoing testing for ground applications through validation studies in hospitals or medical clinics. Conclusions: Although developed for use on Earth, this telepharmacy platform provides a good example of how terrestrial healthcare knowledge and technology can be transferred to space missions.

Administration of Nebulised Ketamine for Managing Pain in the Intensive Care Unit of Obstetrics and Gynaecology

Introduction: The use of inhaled ketamine to manage a variety of painful conditions has been endorsed by the American College of Emergency Physicians and the American Academy of Emergency Medicine. Nebulized analgesia has multiple benefits, including rapid, effective and titratable analgesic delivery. The aim of our study is to assess the efficacy and safety of intranasal analgesic-dose ketamine compared to multimodal analgesia in patients presenting with acute postoperative pain or headache after a spinal anaesthetic in the intensive care unit of obstetrics and gynaecology. Materials and Methods: This was a prospective descriptive study, with hospital Ethics Committee approval and written informed consent from study participants. We compared the effect of nebulized ketamine and multimodal analgesia postoperatively in 120 patients belonging to the physical status I - II of the American Society of Anesthesiologists, in the intensive care unit of obstetrics and gynaecology, at the Ibn Rochd University Hospital Center in Casablanca from June 2021 to June 2022. Results: We included 120 patients in our study divided into two groups of 60 patients: the average age was 35 years, with extremes ranging from 18 to 45 years, All patients were hospitalized for postoperative care: all women underwent locoregional anaesthesia with a standard dose according to the service protocol (10 mg of bupivacaine, 25γ of fentanyl, 100γ of morphine), where pain was the common denominator. Among these patients, 59 were admitted for management of postpartum haemorrhage, 43 for postoperative monitoring, 15 for post-spinal anaesthesia headache and 3 for pelviperitonitis. The results of the pain assessment 30 minutes after the ketamine nebulization were marked by a request for analgesia in 12 patients, which is 20% of group A, including 5 patients, whose visual analogue scale (VAS) on admission was between 5 and 7, and 7 patients whose VAS at admission was ≥8; all these patients received a second dose of ketamine by nebulization; the evaluation 30 min after the second dose was marked by a request for analgesia in 4 patients, which is 7% of Group A; in all these patients the VAS at admission was ≥8. Of the total number of patients of Group A, only 4 received morphine when they were requested for analgesia after the second dose of nebulized ketamine. Conclusion: The primary outcome of nebulized ketamine use is a significant reduction in VAS pain score. We believe that nebulized ketamine has a potential effect of reducing pain in the intensive care unit of obstetrics and gynaecology; this may be an additional analgesic modality for clinicians to provide rapid, effective and non-invasive pain relief.

An anonymity-preserving mobile user authentication protocol for global roaming services

In this article, we put forward an anonymity-preserving mobile user authentication protocol for global roaming services. It deals with Mutual Authentication and Key Agreement (MAKA) between Mobile User (MU) and Foreign Agent (FA). It replaces the traditional Elliptic Curve Computational Diffie–Hellman Problem (ECCDHP) by Elliptic Curve Factorization Problem (ECFP) to reduce the computational overhead of the authentication system while keeping the system security unaltered. It can preserve user anonymity and conditional privacy using session-wise unique anonymous identities of MU, where each anonymous identity hides the real identity in such a way so that only Home Agent (HA) can recompute it. Besides, our protocol also concentrates on the anonymity and conditional privacy of FA. It also provides a simplified revocation strategy which minimizes the revocation and re-registration costs of the authentication system. We validate the security features through informal and formal security analysis. Finally, we present a performance comparison, and discuss the efficiency of the proposed protocol.

Key Extraction Using Ambient Sounds for Smart Devices

To secure communications, this article presents a key extraction scheme for smart devices using ambient sounds. Specifically, it is designed for the scenario when smart devices do not have any pre-loaded secrets. Moreover, it can be implemented when smart devices have no access to the online trusted third party or the Network Time Protocol server. In our scheme, smart devices achieve synchronization by making use of ambient sounds. Then, they calculate and obtain the pairing distance and secure distance by applying a band-pass filter. Completing these operations, two smart devices can directly extract a communication key. We analyze the security of our scheme and evaluate the performance of it by implementing the scheme using a few off-the-shelf devices. The experimental results indicate that compared with related schemes, the bit generation rate of our scheme has significant improvement (increases at least 80%), and it can reach 312 bit/s.

Identifying Core Competencies for Remote Delivery of Psychological Interventions: A Rapid Review.

The COVID-19 pandemic led to a rapid shift toward remote delivery of psychological interventions and transition to voice-only and video communication platforms. However, agreement is lacking on key competencies that are aligned with equitable approaches for standardized training and supervision of remote psychological intervention delivery. A rapid review was conducted to identify and describe competencies that could inform best practices of remote services delivery during and after the COVID-19 pandemic. Scopus, MEDLINE, and PsycINFO were searched for literature published in English (2015-2021) on competencies for synchronous, remote psychological interventions that can be measured through observation. Of 135 articles identified, 12 met inclusion criteria. Studies targeted populations in high-income countries (11 in the United States and Canada, one in Saudi Arabia) and focused on specialist practitioners, professionals, or trainees in professional or prelicensure programs working with adult populations. Ten skill categories were identified: emergency and safety protocols for remote services, facilitating communication over remote platforms, remote consent procedures, technological literacy, practitioner-client identification for remote services, confidentiality during remote services, communication skills during remote services, engagement and interpersonal skills for remote services, establishing professional boundaries during remote services, and encouraging continuity of care during remote services. These 10 skills domains can offer a foundation for refinement of discrete, individual-level competencies that can be aligned with global initiatives promoting use of observational competency assessment during training and supervision programs for psychological interventions. More research is needed on identification of and agreement on remote competencies and on their evaluation.

IPChain: Blockchain-Based Security Protocol for IoT Address Management Servers in Smart Homes

The dynamic host configuration protocol (DHCP) servers are forms of an Internet of Things (IoT) address management server (IoTAMS) that gives network configuration settings to newly connected hosts. Administrators of a network may save time by setting DHCP servers instead of every network node. However, the absence of a more robust authentication method for DHCP servers makes hosts susceptible to attacks since neither the server nor the users are able to check the other’s authenticity during DHCP connections. These concerns result in both internal and external threats to the system that have the potential to impair network services. Among these threats are malicious DHCP servers and DHCP starvation. This paper aims to provide a novel approach for tackling these issues and protect the DHCP protocol. The proposed model uses the Diffie–Hellman key exchange mechanism, the elliptic curve discrete logarithm problem (ECDLP), a one-way hash function, blockchain technology, and a smart contract. In addition, registration and validation processes provide support for the proposed model in combating DHCP risks for both internal and external system threats. Results from this study show that the proposed model has an average of 21.1% more resistance to a growing number of adversaries than the benchmark models, thus revealing that the model is better suited for the security of IoT address management servers in smart homes, thereby enhancing resilience against related threats and the success of IP address management.

Multiple time series database on microservice architecture for IoT-based sleep monitoring system

Monitoring health status requires collecting a large amount of data from the human body. The sensor can be used to collect data from the human body. The sensor transmits data for almost every second across the internet. The challenge of the health monitoring system is the massive amount of incoming data. Therefore, a system capable of sending, storing, analyzing, and visualizing vast amounts of data is required for health monitoring. A previous study proposed microservice and event-driven architecture. It also proposed a single database for all services and a relational database management system (RDBMS) for storing time series data, which might reduce the data transmission performance and reliability. This research intends to improve the monitoring system from the previous study to accommodate a greater throughput, faster database read and write operations, and a more reliable system design. The improvement consists of multiple changes in system architecture and technology. A multi-database is proposed in the system architecture to improve system reliability. Time series database and Message Queue Telemetry Protocol (MQTT) server are proposed as an upgrade on technology. As a result, the proposed system throughput is 2.43 times faster than the old system. On database performance, the new system's database write speed is 20.95 times faster and the database read speed is 1.64 times faster than the old system. The proposed system also achieves better scalability, resilience, and independence.

Faktor-Faktor yang Mempengaruhi Konsumen dalam Memilih Coffe Shop Modern pada Masa Pandemi Covid-19 di Kecamatan Syiah Kuala Kota Banda Aceh

The increasingly widespread presence of modern coffee shops is triggered by the changes in lifestyle of urban communities in Indonesia which trigger changes in coffee consumption patterns, where consumers now consider coffee as a lifestyle. The increase in the number of modern coffee shop businesses in Banda Aceh City proves that the coffee buyers in Banda Aceh City are very large. Therefore, it is important for modern coffee shop business owners to have their own advantages in the eyes of consumers compared to their competitors in order to gain customer loyalty. A total of 100 samples were taken from the 5 largest and most popular modern coffee shops in Syiah Kuala District, Banda Aceh City. Based on the research data, it is obtained that together the variables Product (X1), Price (X2), Place (X3), Service (X4), Promotion (X5), and Health Protocol (X6) have a significant influence on Consumer Decisions in choosing a modern coffee shop during the Covid-19 pandemic in Syiah Kuala District.

From hierarchical control to flexible interactive electricity services: A path to decarbonisation

This paper first reviews today’s hierarchical control and highlights modelling and control assumptions which may no longer hold in the changing electric energy systems. To overcome this fundamental problem, we conceptualise electric energy systems as complex dynamical systems using physically intuitive multi-layered energy modelling as the basis for systematic diverse technology integration and control. Such modelling exhibits unique structure which comes from the conservation of instantaneous power ( P ) and the rate of change of instantaneous reactive power ( Q ̇ ). We name P and Q ̇ as the rate of change of interaction variables (intVar) for characterising the interface of each system module with the rest of the system. The intVars are used as a means to model and control the interactive zoomed-out inter-modular (inter-area, inter-component) system dynamics. The control is distributed and modular as it utilises only a low-level detailed technology-specific model and intVar info exchange with the neighbours. As a result, the proposed approach can be used to support orderly and natural evolution from today’s hierarchical control to flexible interactive protocols for electricity services, key to implementing decarbonisation. • T&D system needs to be operated in a flexible data-enabled way in order to manage uncertainties in an efficient manner. • Efficient energy service requires temporal, spatial and functional alignment of energy resources and demand. • Models of interactions subject to conservation of instantaneous power and reactive power dynamics can be used to formulate optimization problems in the energy space as convex linear problems.

Design of Secure Authentication Handover Protocol for Innovative Mobile Multimedia Services in 5G MEC Environments

<p>5G advanced technology has introduced innovative multimedia services, thus propelling the rise of the mobile multimedia market. While the ubiquity of mobile multimedia services has boosted customer convenience, it has also unlocked the way to possible security concerns that potentially damage users’ privacy and service providers’ properties. Several standards and researches have been proposed to counter these threats, notably those concentrating on authentication between users and service applications. Unfortunately, these studies are limited to address a new challenge, secure handover among distributed application functions in 5G Multi-access Edge Cloud (MEC) environments. Motivated by this, we present a handover authentication protocol with push-key and pull-key optimization options in 5G mobile multimedia application services. The proposed protocol provides mutual authentication, secure key exchange, confidentiality, and integrity. Furthermore, it also supports perfect forward secrecy, optimal handover, and anonymity, which were not previously considered in prior studies. While formal verification through BAN Logic and Scyther proved that the protocol is secure against attacks that violate the supported security requirements, comparative analysis of the proposed protocol against existing studies demonstrates that the protocol is simultaneously efficient.</p> <p> </p>

A Review of Patient Population Requiring Novel Critical Care Pediatric Transport Stroke Clinical Practice Guideline: A Three Year Single Site Analysis

<h3>Objectives</h3> 1. To identify patients transported by a pediatric critical care transport team for suspected or confirmed acute ischemic stroke who met qualifications of stroke activation. 2. Retrospective calculation of Large Vessel Occlusion (LVO) score of patients meeting criteria for transport stroke protocol activation. <h3>Background</h3> There are many pre-hospital Emergency Medical Service (EMS) and transport protocols as well as Large Vessel Occlusion (LVO) screening tools that exist for rapid transport of an adult patient with suspected or confirmed acute ischemic stroke to the nearest stroke center for rapid diagnosis. These screening algorithms aid in identifying adult patients who benefit from transport directly to an adult comprehensive stroke center. No data has been published on pre-hospital and transport evaluation and treatment algorithms for suspected acute ischemic stroke in children. Our institution created and implemented a transport stroke clinical practice guideline specific to pediatric stroke to improve recognition and management of patients with suspected stroke by our interfacility critical care transport team. <h3>Methods</h3> A retrospective chart review of patients transported by our institution's critical care transport teams from September 1, 2016 and March 1, 2020 meeting institutional criteria for stroke activation. LVO scores were calculated retrospectively based on clinical information documented within the transport medical record. <h3>Results</h3> Of the 17,244 patients transported by our institution's critical care transport, 17 patients met criteria during the defined study period. Average/median age was 173 months, or 14.4 years old. 4 of 17 had radiographic evidence of thrombus with 3 of those 4 underwent definitive management with tPA or endovascular retrieval. Hemiplegia is the most common presenting symptom with confirmed stroke in this population. The confirmed stroke group scored significantly lower on Glasgow Coma Scale (median of 8 vs. 15, p = 0.014), significantly higher on the LAMS LVO score (median 4 vs. 0, p = 0.021) and significantly higher on the RACE LVO (median 4 vs. 0, p = 0.036). <h3>Conclusion</h3> Acute ischemic stroke is a rare occurrence in pediatric patients. A standardized clinical practice guideline for transport can facilitate early recognition, appropriate management, and transport to a pediatric specific stroke care for timely diagnosis and intervention. LVO scores designed for adult population have not been validated for use in pediatric patients for suspected stroke, but may be useful in triage of pediatric patients with stroke-like symptoms to a stroke center with specialized care in pediatric stroke.

Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare Competition (TEKNOFEST-2021): Stroke Data Set.

The artificial intelligence competition in healthcare was organized for the first time at the annual aviation, space, and technology festival (TEKNOFEST), Istanbul/Türkiye, in September 2021. In this article, the data set preparation and competition processes were explained in detail; the anonymized and annotated data set is also provided via official website for further research. Data set recorded over the period covering 2019 and 2020 were centrally screened from the e-Pulse and Teleradiology System of the Republic of Türkiye, Ministry of Health using various codes and filtering criteria. The data set was anonymized. The data set was prepared, pooled, curated, and annotated by 7 radiologists. The training data set was shared with the teams via a dedicated file transfer protocol server, which could be accessed using private usernames and passwords given to the teams under a nondisclosure agreement signed by the representative of each team. The competition consisted of 2 stages. In the first stage, teams were given 192 digital imaging and communications in medicine images that belong to 1 of 3 possible categories namely, hemorrhage, ischemic, or non-stroke. Teams were asked to classify each image as either stroke present or absent. In the second stage of the competition, qualifying 36 teams were given 97 digital imaging and communications in medicine images that contained hemorrhage, ischemia, or both lesions. Among the employed methods, Unet and DeepLabv3 were the most frequently observed ones. Artificial intelligence competitions in healthcare offer good opportunities to collect data reflecting various cases and problems. Especially, annotated data set by domain experts is more valuable.

Identifying airline passengers satisfaction and ground airport services perception of kolkata airport during COVID19- ASQ (Airport Service Quality) perspective

Background: The research on the airlines' ground services in airports is central to the business environment, impacting the departure and arrival functions, while COVID-19 has adversely affected service capabilities, impacting passenger safety and satisfaction. Aims: The aim is to find the factors influencing airport services during COVID-19 from the passenger perspective using the Airport Service Quality (ASQ) framework.Methods- ASQ (Airport service quality) scale was used with 39 items for a sample of 200, tested in SPSS for reliability and validity, and underwent factor analysis. Results-Airport management of Kolkata has emphasize the role of leadership management to focus on the airport ground services, with a new set of service protocols by WHO adapted to Kolkata ground services. Moderately satisfactory COVID-19 arrangements with, hand washing provision, facilities for immediate quarantine facility, disposal procedure, and way finding within Kolkata airport also have passengers who do not exhibit social conformance behaviour towards social distancing. Conclusion- Airport leadership management in airport ground services has accommodated the new COVID19 service that needs to match passenger behaviour aberrations to eliminate issues of contamination. Visual signage and way-finding guide passengers' well-being and satisfaction, while passengers must in the face of increased service time when following COVID19 service protocols.

Sensitivity and specificity analyses of COVID-19 screening protocol for emergency medical services: A STARD-compliant population-based retrospective study.

During the novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic, emergency medical services (EMS) has borne a huge burden in transporting emergency patients. However, the protocol’s effect on identifying emergency patients who are likely to have COVID-19 is unknown. We aimed to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of a prehospital COVID-19 screening protocol for EMS.We conducted this population-based retrospective study in Nara Prefecture, Japan. The Nara Prefectural Government implemented a screening protocol for COVID-19 comprising the following symptom criteria (fever, cough, sore throat, headache, malaise, dysgeusia, or anosmia) and epidemiological criteria (contact history with confirmed COVID-19 cases or people with upper respiratory symptoms, or travel to areas with high infection rate). A patient meeting at least one criterion of each class was considered positive. We evaluated all 51,351 patients from the regional EMS database of the Nara Prefecture (emergency Medical Alliance for Total Coordination of Healthcare) who were registered from June 15, 2020 to May 31, 2021 and had results of COVID-19 reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) tests. We assessed the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV) of this protocol. We also assessed how these outcomes changed by adding vital signs and conducted a 10-fold and 100-fold prevalence simulation.The screening protocol was used for 246/51351 patients (0.5%). Among them, 31 tested positive after EMS transportation. This protocol’s sensitivity, specificity, PPV, and NPV were 40.8%, 99.6%, 12.6%, and 99.9%, respectively. With the addition of ≥2 vital signs (body temperature ≥37.5 °C, respiratory rate ≥20 breaths/minute, and oxygen saturation <90%), sensitivity and PPV changed to 61.8% and 1.0%, respectively, while NPV remained 99.9%. With a 10-fold and 100-fold increase in disease, the protocol PPV would be 59.0% and 94.3%, and NPV would be 99.1% and 90.7%, respectively, and with additional vital signs, PPV would be 8.9% and 53.1%, and NPV would be 99.4% and 93.2%, respectively.This COVID-19 screening protocol helped enable EMS transport for patients with COVID-19 with a PPV of 12.6%. Adding other vital sign variables may improve its diagnostic value if the prevalence rate increases.

Implementation of the extended diagnostics domestic system for wheeled vehicles using the UDS protocol in the CAN data bus

Introduction (problem statement and relevance). This work is devoted to the peculiarities of developing and building a general diagnostic structure for the domestic vehicles, the requirements for it and the description of the necessary diagnostic services in the process of its implementing. The purpose of the work was to develop domestic software diagnostic system for the wheeled vehicles and their environment to meet the international standards of the Unified Diagnostic Services protocol according to ISO 14229 and could implement various diagnostic services.Methodology and research methods. The basic requirements and specifications of the CAN bus (ISO 15765) and the UDS protocol (ISO 14229) were described. The developed system was implemented in the Python programming environment, with the algorithm, logic of the application and the directly received data were considered and sent to the CAN data bus during the reading procedure at the address.Scientifi c novelty and results. To diagnose vehicle malfunctions the principles of testing and validating software as part of the electronic control units equipment structure of a wheeled vehicle and necessary to complete the development and implementation of the diagnostic system software in real operating conditions were suggested. The principles of carrying out software tests, as well as the documentation data and analysis of the results obtained were described, together with the formulated conclusions on the work.Practical significance. The paper presents the diagnostic software development results and their implementation in production to meet the requirements of ISO 14229 and ISO 15765. The software is designed to improve the efficiency of the production process to detect and localize vehicle malfunctions during their maintenance work in a service center.

KEPUASAN PASIEN TENTANG IMPLEMENTASI PROTOKOL KESEHATAN PADA PELAYANAN PIJAT IBU DAN BAYI DI GRIYA SEHAT MOM and BABY KIDS SPA SAMBONGDUKUH JOMBANG

The Corona virus outbreak (Covid-19) has been declared a global epidemic by the World Health Organization (WHO) since its emergence in December 2019 in Wuhan, China. This virus is known as Corona Virus Diseases or better known as Covid-19. Is a virus that causes infectious diseases that attack the respiratory tract. This pandemic requires us to break the chain of spread of the corona virus, through several ways, including what the government is currently promoting is the health protocol. Midwives as the spearhead of maternal and child health services are one of the promoters of health protocols in providing health services. Maternal and infant massage services provided by midwives in order to provide flexibility of joints and muscles of the body to the mother, as well as to infants can increase sleep frequency, increase weight, and provide comfort. In all these services, health protocols should be implemented according to standards, so that they will provide good safety for mothers, babies as well as midwives who provide services. The purpose of this study was to determine the description of patient satisfaction regarding the implementation of health protocols in maternal and infant massage services at Griya Sehat Mom And Baby Kids Spa Sambongdukuh Jombang. The research design used is cross sectional analytic. The population of all patients and their parents who came to get massage services for mothers and babies who visited Griya Sehat Mom And Baby Kids Spa Sambongdukuh Jombang was 33 people. This research uses Consecutive Sampling technique. The results of this study found that most of the 31 (93.9%) respondents said they were satisfied, 2 (6.1%) respondents said they were somewhat satisfied with the implementation of health protocols for maternal and infant massage services at Griya Sehat Mom and Baby Kids Spa Jombang. . The conclusion of this study is that most of the 31 (93.9%) respondents said they were satisfied with the implementation of health protocols for maternal and infant massage services at Griya Sehat Mom and Baby Kids Spa Jombang.

The Popularity of Milk Tea Amidst Covid-19 Pandemic: Perspectives of Selected Entrepreneurs in Minglanilla, Cebu Philippines

Milk tea became so popular that numerous entrepreneurs tried to venture into this business. The Philippines is dubbed the second-most populous country in Southeast Asia regarding bubble tea users. Though the Philippines was dubbed as such, it was not until late 2019 that Pearl Milk Tea exploded its popularity in the country. It paved the way for the tea-enthusiast to venture into the business by experimenting with various creamers, flavors, and sweeteners. In Minglanilla, Cebu, Philippines, there is also a growing Milk tea shop on every corner of the street; however, before the boom reached a year, a pandemic halted every operation on every establishment. Through a phenomenological approach, the researchers of this study interviewed the owners and management of milk tea businesses in this new level of difficulty. The study's significant findings merged the theme scope, including Covid-19 Business Impact, Digital Marketing, Adapt Delivery Services, Safety and Security Protocols, and Menu Engineering. Furthermore, findings suggest that Covid-19 negatively impacted business establishments. Nevertheless, the management and entrepreneurs still push through and invest more in their business, with a clear perspective of success and execute modern alternatives that keep the business operating.