Protests In Brazil Research Articles

Marcha das Vadias: performing disidentification in transnational protests

Abstract In 2011, protests against rape culture ignited across the globe. Inspired by SlutWalk Toronto (SWT), organizers planned protests that adapted the rhetorical features of SlutWalk to their local contexts. This article examines the visual rhetoric of Marcha das Vadias (MDV), a series of satellite protests in Brazil. I argue that protestors enacted disidentification as a response to the constitutive rhetoric of SlutWalk, bringing into focus how ideologies of race, class, and religion interact with norms of sex and gender to reinforce rape logic. The translation of “slut” to “vadias” centered the linguistic and cultural contexts of contemporary Brazil while maintaining solidarity with the broader SlutWalk movement. Protestors deploy seven rhetorical personae that resituate the constitutive narrative of the movement. Altogether, their performances of personae enact a rhetoric of survivance, which utilizes collectivity, structural critique, non-linear temporality, and storytelling to resist systems of oppression.

Threats, truths and strategies: The overlooked relationship between protests, nation branding and public diplomacy

AbstractAlthough protests are an essential part of modern politics, scholars in nation branding, public diplomacy and soft power have had very little to say about these episodes. Discussions in the field have only marginally addressed dissent and disruption, falling into a methodological statism that emphasises what states do to construct and legitimise specific versions of national identity. Debates on nation promotion consequently overlook how individuals and organisations outside the state and outside national boundaries can be equally important in the construction and communication of national images. Drawing on domestic and foreign news coverage of protests in Brazil, Romania and Chile, we propose three frames to analyse the relationship between protests and nation promotion: (1) protests as threats, (2) protests as expression of the true nation and (3) protests as strategic communications. These frames shed light on how bottom‐up efforts contest—overtly or covertly—state‐sponsored versions of national identity and how protests are visibility arenas where competing discourses about the nation are communicated. Protests should therefore be acknowledged not as mere disruptions to national images or reputations but as another expression of the contingent, multifaceted and shifting nature of nationhood, particularly in highly mediatised contemporary societies.

Rap and Brazilian Popular Music as Movements of Social Protest in Brazil

A social and historical reconstruction based on music observes the contemporary arrangement of Brazilian rap, its role in current social movements, and how its productions inform social and political relations in Brazil. Uma reconstrução social e histórica a partir da música observa-se o arranjo contemporâneo do rap brasileiro, sua implicação nos movimentos sociais atuais, e como suas produções informam sobre as relações sociais e políticas no Brasil.

Brazilian democracy under attack: the populist extreme right, the economic crises and the 2013 protests in Brazil

The present study aims to understand the role of the economic crises of capitalism, hate speech and populism in the rise of the extreme right in Brazil especially in the 2018 presidential election. For that, a theoretical-descriptive analysis of the causes of these factors was made according to the thesis of historical institutionalism, making use of the hypothetical-deductive method to better understand the crisis of democracy in Brazil and in the world. Finally, an understanding of these peculiar situations is proposed as a pathway to dissolve these tensions so that the population can free itself from these anti-democratic ties and seek the reconstruction of a more participatory, ethical and more democratic Brazil.

Racism, Death, and Protests in Brazil: digital and traditional news coverage of Black Awareness Day after a racism crime on Twitter

Abstract Purpose On November 19, 2020, a man was brutally murdered by security guards of a supermarket chain located in a city in the very south of Brazil, home to the world’s largest Afro-Black community outside Africa. This killing triggered protests across the country, as a Black man was killed one day before Black Awareness Day. This large popular mobilization happened at the end of 2020 and resembled the George Floyd protests. Despite the anger resonating across communities in Brazil and abroad, the news media coverage on social media resulted in an inequitable distribution of editorial space to both the affective and critical dimensions. As users often adopt view-based practices by not clicking on social media content shared through URLs, it is essential to understand how news media portrays content in short text posted online. Study design Under the lens of news frame and social media theories, our study was built on a multi-method approach combining computational, quantitative, qualitative methods to understand how news media portrays content in a tweet. To do so, we collected 267,576 tweets. They were filtered through the case’s perspective and analyzed using frame theory. Findings Results show that Brazilian news media value different angles concerning Mr. Freitas’s death and subsequent events. While traditional media tends to be more neutral in portraying protests and the killing, digital media raised the debate on the issue and about racism in the country, highlighting protests and using supporting hashtags. Furthermore, cultural hybridity can be seen in Brazil with Black Lives Matter (BLM) movement. Practical and social implications In a media system that shares some aspects with those found in the United States, such as highly commercial media, our study demonstrates the importance of digital media for articulating racial issues and segregation in Brazil. Originality/value A long tradition of scholarship in sociology and communication studies has investigated how news media frames social movements and the impact this coverage might have on protesters and their ability to gather public support in Western-rich democracies. Less well documented is the use of news frames in Brazil. Furthermore, it shows how BLM is hybridized with local topics and has gained traction with digital media outlets. This study aims to fill this gap by becoming the first study investigating how news media frames social movements against racism in Brazil.

Neoliberal Malaise, 2013 “June Journeys” and the Criminalization of the Protests in Brazil: a Re-reading Through Louis Althusser

Neoliberal Malaise, 2013 “June Journeys” and the Criminalization of the Protests in Brazil: a Re-reading Through Louis Althusser

Performing Democracy

Contemporary protests draw on a rich variety of performances to communicate their messages, attract attention to societal problems and display potential solutions. In addition to verbal and textual expressions, protesters employ various forms of nonverbal expression, such as images, sounds, silence as part of their public performances. This article offers a way of making sense of nonverbal protest performances, relying on insights from contemporary democratic theory. It proposes a ‘democratic lens’, which supplements the ‘performative lens’ often used to comprehend performative protests and their effects on diverse audiences. The democratic lens enables us to distinguish between deliberative, agonistic, and antagonistic modes of democratic engagement and examine the ways they are enacted in performative protests. The article illustrates the utility of the democratic lens by focusing on the nonverbal performances of Black Lives Matter in the USA, pot and pan protest in Brazil, and the Knitting Nannas in Australia.

Особливості студентського протесту 1968 року в Бразилії

The article reveals the peculiarities of student protests in 1968 in Brazil, in addition to highlighting the characteristics of specifically Brazilian protests, the author also analyzes and compares them with protests in other European and American countries: France, USA, Mexico etc. In general, the article examines the main manifestations of the "Cultural Revolution", which is characterized by student protests in all parts of the world. Most of the protests were driven by a desire to change social principles. Students advocated for greater freedoms in education within universities, and for freedoms in the political sense. One of the key political issues represented by protesters was the Vietnam War and the United States' involvement in. In addition, these protests are characterized by a generational gap between parents and children, who have ceased to understand each other. The article also emphasizes the importance of the preconditions for the protest movement, since in 1964 a military coup took place in Brazil, which resulted in the arrival of the military. The military was a conservative in politics, so conflict with students who advocated completely opposite values was inevitable. An important role in these protests was played by technological progress, which allowed people around the world to learn information much faster. Students, looking at the protests in other countries could feel a certain solidarity with their colleagues and understand that in their struggle they are not alone. It was common to borrow same tactics during protests: boycotts, actions against the police, building of the barricades and seizing university buildings. The author concludes that the student protests in Brazil went from a peaceful boycott of the government to clashes with the police, which led to casualties and repressions by the authorities. At the same time, the article emphasizes the confrontation between the baby boomer generation and the older generation, represented by Brazil's military leaders.

When the Right Protests: How Journalists Cover Conservative Movements

ABSTRACT This study focuses on the relationship between the mainstream press and right-wing protests in Brazil. Guided by the “protest paradigm” literature, my goal was to understand how reporters in the Global South cover conservative demonstrations. Protest paradigm scholarship found that news norms and routines lead to delegitimizing patterns of coverage, focusing on official viewpoints, spectacle, and violence. Here, I consider how the same practices can aid in the legitimization of right-wing movements. Through a mixed methodology combining content analysis and interviews with reporters from the analyzed outlets, findings revealed that when protesters’ grievances and demands aligned with the preferences of anti-leftist elites, right-wing politicians subsidized information to journalists. The lack of clashes with the police and cohesive leadership also allowed for coverage to become more thematic. As a result, I argue three conditions lead to news legitimization of protests. First, the movement fitting within a broader political conflict between elites. Second, the movement being sympathetic to the state's repressive apparatus. Third, the movement having cohesive leadership and unified identity. These conditions, which favor right-wing demands, drove legitimizing coverage even when reporters viewed the movement with skepticism.

Mídias sociais digitais, participação política e protestos anticorrupção

A utilização de mídias sociais digitais como instrumento para o recrutamento e a participação em eventos de protesto tem sido considerada pela literatura internacional como um dos principais ingredientes da transformação nas condições e dinâmicas de participação política nos últimos anos. No Brasil, os “protestos de junho” em 2013 evidenciaram a intensificação do uso da internet e das redes sociais no recrutamento e mobilização política. Este artigo pretende demonstrar que, o uso de tais ferramentas nos protestos anticorrupção no Brasil, a partir da onda de protestos iniciada internacionalmente em 2011, expressou o enfrentamento a um sistema político que monopolizava e represava insatisfações e demandas por transformação. Ele se tornou aos poucos um dos principais veículos de aglutinação, manifestação e ação de organizações, grupos e lideranças liberais, conservadores e de direita em torno de uma agenda comum. Esta análise mostra a relevância da dimensão política para compreender o processo de utilização das mídias sociais digitais na dinâmica da participação política.

The similarities between the Arab spring and the 2013 protests in Brazil

The study to be done in the courseof this article aims to analyze the influence of the Arab Spring on the manifestations that occurred in Brazil in 2013, culminating in the impeachment of the then President of the Republic. As a result, there is still the scope to identify the correlation between the attitudes adopted by protesters in the Arab world and in Brazil. Methodologically, the research is classified as inductive, of scientific and explicative character, with aqualitative approach and is characterized as an observational case study. The research instrument was only bibliographic analysis.

Anti-corruption protests, alliance system and political polarization

The fight against corruption has become, in recent years, one of the main international causes. Many studies have been done on the effects and consequences of corrupt and corrupting practices for the political system and for the general society. However, there are still few who are dedicated to analyzing the conditions and dynamics of the fight against corruption as a public and international cause and its consequences and impacts on national political systems. Therefore, the objective of this article is to examine the emergence and spread of anti-corruption movements and protests in Brazil, between 2013 and 2018. I aim to demonstrate that the emergence and development of anti-corruption protests and mobilizations in this period are related to the crisis and collapse of the “alliance system” between the main political leaders and organizations, becoming a political resource to recompose and change such alignments. This analysis shows the relevance of the “political dimension” to understand the process of emergence and the development of protests and mobilizations against corruption.

The Instrumental Mediated Visibility of Violence: The 2013 Protests in Brazil and the Limitations of the Protest Paradigm

Studies examining protest news coverage often look at it through a “protest paradigm,” arguing that “mainstream” media delegitimize protests by emphasizing violence and marginalizing grievances. Focusing on the June 2013 protests in Brazil, this article takes the discussion in a different conceptual and empirical direction, examining the forces that, according to national, alternative, and foreign journalists, shaped the coverage of violence during those demonstrations. Drawing on forty-three in-depth interviews, the accounts of these individuals confirm the need to move beyond deterministic approaches suggested by the protest paradigm, acknowledging that the mediated visibility of violence does neither invariably lead to support for the status quo nor to a demonization of social unrest. News coverage of violence emerges alternatively as an instrument with the potential to be strategically exploited for diverse political, ideological, and commercial purposes. A closer examination of the frictional processes leading up to mediated visibility also recognizes that sensationalism and drama are not exclusive to the mainstream media. Despite their potential to broaden the mediated visibility of protest, alternative and foreign journalists may narrate demonstrations as politically legitimate but ultimately shallow spectacles, where the drama of violence—committed by either authorities or demonstrators—obscures the underlying grievances driving people on to the streets. The views of journalists are an important contribution to debates about protest news coverage, given the scarcity of studies examining their accounts during these episodes.

Entre acidentes e explosões: indeterminação e estesia no devir da história

RESUMO O artigo propõe uma releitura cruzada dos conceitos de acidente, desenvolvido por Landowski no âmbito de sua teoria sociossemiótica da interação, e explosão, elaborado por Lotman em seus últimos escritos de semiótica da cultura. Longe de ser um fim em si mesmo, este confronto almeja esboçar uma síntese teórico-epistemológica que possa contribuir à análise dos processos comunicacionais-discursivos que regem o devir dos sistemas socioculturais, bem como ao seu enquadramento conceitual. A minha hipótese é que a cifra desta articulação resida no vínculo entre a indeterminação destacada por ambos os autores e a carga estésica, isto é, o núcleo de tensões sensíveis que, conforme vislumbra Landowski, os acontecimentos acidentais/explosivos são capazes de mobilizar. Para procurar demonstrar sua pertinência e relevância, partirei de um caso concreto: as jornadas de junho de 2013 e seu impacto no processo que levou, em 2016, ao impeachment de Dilma Rousseff e, em 2018, à eleição de Jair Bolsonaro.

Os protestos no Brasil em tempos de crise (2011-2016)

Este artigo se propõe a analisar as características dos protestos no Brasil entre 2011 e 2016, um contexto socioeconômico e político marcado pelas contradições e pelo ocaso dos governos petistas. A análise está baseada em um banco de dados de protesto constituído a partir do jornal Folha de S. Paulo. Sustentamos que os protestos antecedem a eclosão da crise econômica e que, quando atingem o pico, em 2013, produzem mudanças no contexto político, abrindo oportunidades políticas inéditas para que um conjunto heterogêneo de atores, à direita e à esquerda do PT, manifestasse suas divergências em relação ao governo. Os protestos evidenciam os limites da política de conciliação de classes dos governos petistas e conformam um cenário de instabilidade que contribui para o impeachment de Rousseff, de modo que não há uma descontinuidade entre 2013 e 2015-2016. O padrão de protesto verificado nesse período caracteriza-se pela combinação de duas dinâmicas distintas: polarização política e heterogeneização de atores e reivindicações.

O movimento estudantil em 1968 pelas lentes do Conselho de Segurança Nacional

O artigo examina como o Conselho de Segurança Nacional avaliou o protesto estudantil no Brasil em 1968. Investiga os pronunciamentos dos seus membros em duas seções convocadas pelo Marechal Costa e Silva (Presidente da República) para discutir a crise política. Discorre sobre as principais interpretações dos Ministros e conselheiros sobre as lutas estudantis à luz das tensões e incertezas presentes no contexto. A percepção de como o Conselho avaliou o movimento estudantil ajuda a compreender aspectos da conjuntura de 1968 e das representações anticomunistas elaboradas sobre a juventude crítica ao regime no tempo da ditadura.

Policiamento a eventos de protesto no Brasil: repertórios e modelos policiais no ciclo de protestos de Junho de 2013 na cidade de Porto Alegre

O trabalho apresenta como tema o policiamento a eventos de protesto no Brasil. Especificamente, questiona: quais os repertórios utilizados pelo aparato policial durante o ciclo de protestos de 2013? Qual(is) o(s) modelo(s) de policiamento colocados em ação? A necessidade do estudo justifica-se pela ausência de um campo de estudos consolidado no País sobre policiamento a protestos; por outro turno, há diversos estudos de âmbito internacional que tratam dessa temática. Metodologicamente, analisou o caso do policiamento aos protestos de Porto Alegre no ciclo de manifestações de 2013. Foram analisadas notícias do jornal Zero Hora e realizadas entrevistas com agentes policiais. Identificou-se a diversidade de repertórios policiais e a coexistência de dois modelos principais de policiamento, que se guiam por diferentes critérios de valor a ser protegido no protesto: um baseado na defesa da integridade física dos manifestantes e um segundo pautado pela defesa do patrimônio.

Um panorama do Movimento Ocupe Estelita: design gráfico político e possíveis conexões

A partir da reflexão de três participantes do Movimento Ocupe Estelita, este artigo tem o duplo objetivo de apresentar o movimento e de analisar, com foco no design gráfico, influências de outros movimentos políticos e semelhanças com eles. Para isso, descreverá o fluxo de trabalho dos designers engajados na produção de peças gráficas, que serão analisadas e categorizadas. Tal produção será discutida a partir de relações com 1) o movimento holandês Provos acerca de procedimentos e demandas, 2) a campanha chilena contra a continuidade de Pinochet no plebiscito de 1988 retratada no filme ‘No’; e, 3) a série de protestos conhecida como Jornadas de Junho.

Nostalgia de los militares: las peticiones de la vuelta al poder de las Fuerzas Armadas en Brasil

The article discusses the requests for intervention by the Armed Forces within the context of the right-wing protests in Brazil in 2015. Therefore, data available from surveys conducted with protesters in the state capitals of the Southeast region are mainly used. The considerations in the article are organized around two points. On the one hand, a reflection is made about the construction of a positive memory about the period of dictatorship. From this perspective, the years between 1964-1985 could be seen as a period whose inheritance, lost in the present, could only be reestablished by the same political actors who left such a legacy - in this case, the military. On the other hand, we also consider the salvationist role of the Armed Forces. From this point of view, the military could be considered the only ones capable of solving the problems created or fostered exclusively or almost exclusively by the political elite in power.

Testimonial tweeting. People’s voice (and eyes) on anti-impeachment protests in Brazil

Though the idea of horizontal networked, bottom-up communication processes is present in many discussions of the role of digital media in the context of social movements, not many studies point to the processes behind the creation and publication of authorial testimonial content by regular people, that is, content produced in situ at the heat of the moment whose author is neither media nor political actors. Through 10 interviews structured according to Proulx and colleagues’ ICT social appropriation framework (2017), with users that have created and published such type of content on Twitter with the hashtag #ForaTemer in the aftermath of Rousseff’s impeachment in Brazil in 2016.This paper discusses why and how ordinary people take media matters in their own hands as a form of political action, even though it may apparently be dressed up with different communicative functions, such as emulating the pretense neutrality and objectivity of media discourse. Findings point to a convergent media critique as main motivator, followed by the aim to connect the absent and to scrutinize police abuse. The aggregated result seems to point to a manifestation of collective intelligence, characterized by swarm-like logics and alienation from the complete result of the #ForaTemer publications.Research funded by CONICYT-PCHA/Doctorado Nacional/2016-21160426.