Protein Anabolic Steroids Research Articles

A histochemical study of the effects of 19-nortestosterone on the RNA in the secretory tubules of the submandibular glands of castrated-adrenalectomized mice

The effects of 19-nortestosterone (NT) and two androgens, testosterone propionate (TP) and 4-androstene-3,17-dione (AD), were studied by comparison between the submandibular gland (SMG) weight and that of other androgen-sensitive organs, measurement of the secretory tubule size of the SMG, and the histochemical comparison of RNA content in the tubule cell. The decreases in SMG weight following both castration and adrenalectomy were reversed by administration of the steroids. The decreasing order of their potency was as follows: TP > NT > AD. This result was similar to the levator ani muscle weight gain rather than prostrate weight gain indicating that the sensitivities of SMG to these steroids differed from accessory genital organs. The order of the potency of three steroids on the secretory tubule size accorded with the order on the SMG weight changes. RNA was present in a small amount in the secretory tubule cell in untreated mice and absent in castrated-adrenalectomized mice. Marked increases of RNA followed administration of NT and TP to castrated-adrenalectomized mice, but the effect of AD was weak, suggesting that, although protein synthesis is weak under normal conditions in the tubule cell, marked protein synthesis occurs when testosterone or protein anabolic steroids are administered to the mouse in which androgen synthesis has been interrupted. The effects of the steroids on the tubule cell size are closely related with RNA in the cell.

Definition of androgens and protein anabolic steroids

The protein anabolic effect of testosterone and related steroids is expressed by the synthesis of protein in many extragenital tissues in addition to the accessory sex organs. The main site of extragenital actions is the skeletal muscles. The degree of response of the muscles, however, varies widely among the individual muscles and also among species. The response of the ‘levator ani’ (properly the dorsal bulbocavernosus) has been used as an assay method. Comparison of the response of this muscle with that of the seminal vesicles and/or the prostate of the immature castrated rat has suggested a large number of steroids with preferential ‘levator ani’ activity. The use of this muscle as representative of other skeletal muscles has been severely criticized. Furthermore, the apparent separation of the two activities in the animal experiments has not been supported by clinical trials. Consequently, nitrogen balance assays have been made in the castrated rat, in female ovariectomized monkey and in man. Many steroids were found to be more active than testosterone propionate or methyltestosterone. A separation of the action of a steroid on extragenital tissue from that of the accessory sex organs will probably not be achieved until the mechanism of action in the two types of tissue is elucidated.

魚類における蛋白同化ステロイドの成長促進効果に関する生理学的研究-II

In this study the authors administered 4-Cl to the trout for promoting the growth. The optimum dose of 4-Cl for the trout was 2.5mg per fish in sexually active or inactive season. The growth-promoting potency of 4-Cl seems to be due mainly to an increase in utility of food given. The administration of doses higher than 2.5mg produced the pycnosis of interrenal and liver cells, and did not bring about the growth-promoting potency on the trout. The suppressive action to gonadal maturation and hepatotrophic action were both observed as secondary actions of 4-Cl. As in the case of goldfish, 4-Cl suppressed a deposition of yolk in the oocytes and farther development beyond the stage of spermatogonia in testes. The suppression seems to be caused by blocking the release of gonadotrophins in the meso-adenohypophysis. On the other hand, the hypertrophy of liver was found to be due to hypertrophy of liver cells which stored a great amounts of glycogen. Further, the relation between the deposition of glycogen in the liver and the gluconeogenesis of interrenal cells was discussed.

Effects of methyltestosterone and a new anabolic steroid, 7 α-ethylthio-17 β-hydroxy-17 α-methyl-5 α-androstano-[3,2-C] pyrazole (PS-179), on experimental atherosclerosis in rabbits

The hypocholesterolaemic and anti-atherosclerotic effects of methyltestosterone (MT) and 7α-ethylthio-17β-hydroxy-17α-methyl-5α-androstano-[3,2-C]pyrazole (PS-179), a protein anabolic steroid, have been compared in male rabbits fed on cholesterol-coconut oil. MT has no effect on hypercholesterolemia, tissue lipid deposits and aortic and coronary atherosclerosis. Conversely, PS-179 has a prophylactic effect on aortic atherosclerosis, reduced tissue lipid deposits, was hypocholesterolaemic and improved the plasma NEFA composition. This compound slightly reduced the incidence of coronary atherosclerosis. In regression experiments on atherosclerotic male rabbits, neither MT nor PS-179—when administered after stopping the cholesterol-coconut oil diet—ameliorated aortic, carotid and coronary atherosclerosis. Likewise, these drugs did not reduce tissue lipids, but PS-179 did accelerate regression of hypercholesterolaemia.

Effects of Anabolic Steroids in Chronic Renal Failure

PROTEIN anabolic steroids have been advocated in the treatment of uremia for at least a decade.¹The rationale for their use is to minimize net protein catabolism and thereby decrease the formation of intoxicating protein breakdown products. Despite this rationale and despite their widespread use, it has been difficult for clinicians to evaluate the effects of these steroids in azotemic patients. In the patient with acute renal failure the problem has been to differentiate the steroid effects from other variables which could also influence the level of azotemia. Such variables include infection, gastrointestinal hemorrhage, changing renal function, and numerous stress responses. In contrast, the patients with chronic renal failure are less subject to such changes in protein catabolism and renal function and hence are more amenable to controlled studies. Freedman and Spencer²studied the anabolic effects of testosterone propionate in chronic renal failure patients and noted a fall in blood

Clinical Studies on Albumin Metabolism in Patients with Pulmonary Tuberculosis, Especially Influences of Protein Anabolic Steroids

Clinical Studies on Albumin Metabolism in Patients with Pulmonary Tuberculosis, Especially Influences of Protein Anabolic Steroids

Effects of a protein-anabolic steroid (Durabolin) upon the teratogenicity of mitomycin-C in pregnant mice

Effects of a protein-anabolic steroid (Durabolin) upon the teratogenicity of mitomycin-C in pregnant mice

侵襲早期の輸注アミノ酸混合液の肝代謝に関する実験的研究

Recently, it is generally admitted that the infusion of amino acids and the administration of anabolic steroids are effective to prevent the protein catabolism after the surgical stress. But there are not so few unclear mechanism in the early amino acid metabolism in liver after the surgical stress.Ten % of cristalline amino acids solution was injected intravenously to the adult male dog with average speed of 10ml/kg/hour for 60 minutes. Amino-nitrogen and urea nitrogen concentrations are measured at the sites of peripheral vein, hepatic vein for the period of six hours after the injection was initially given. These procedures are multiplily repeated in the following conditions—hemorrhagic hypotension, medication of corticoids, loading of ACTH, severance of autonomic nerves of liver, administration of anabolic steroids and so on.According to the varying processes of fluctuated concentrations of above mentioned, the author finally obtained the following conclusions regarding the metabolism of amino acids in liver.1. There is no marked difference between the infusion from peripheral vein and that from hepatic vein concerning the metabolic transaction of amino acids and urea production in liver. The metabolic function of amino acids in liver is comparatively great, however, it is found that the considerable amounts are converted to urea by the massive rapid infusion of amino acids.2. The biological reactions become most active and promotive during the period of hemorrhagic hypotension. Moderate degree of hemorrhagic hypotension in this series is not induced to shock state. When the amino acids solution is infused within this period, the urea formation which is converted from these infused amino acids becomes more active. These phenomena have been revealed that the infused amino acids are rapidly catabolized in liver. Considering the slight increase of differenciated amino acids concentrations in hepatic and portal veins, and the rapid disappearance of infused amino acids from peripheral circulation, it is evident that the infused amino acids are satisfactory utilized for their anabolizations in liver.3. The metabolic process of infused amino acids immediate after the hemorrhagic hypotension is entirely similar to those with ACTH and corticoids adiministrations under the same condition. It is thought that the change to transfer ability of amino acids after the addition of various stresses is proceeding strongly influenced with the increase of liberated corticosteroids.4. The autonomic nerves of liver act inhibitorily in the intrahepatic metabolism of amino acids and urea formation to the stored and the infused amino acids, and control the homeostasis of protein metabolism in liver.5. Protein anabolic steroids actively promote the protein synthesis of infused amino acids in liver, and clearly depress the increasing tendency of urea formation. These effects are evident even after the hemorrhagic hypotension.

The Effect of Protein Anabolic Steroids on Carbohydrate Metabolism

The Effect of Protein Anabolic Steroids on Carbohydrate Metabolism

Epiphyseal growth and development in mice following administration of a protein-anabolic steroid (17-ethyl-19-nortestosterone).

Epiphyseal growth and development in mice following administration of a protein-anabolic steroid (17-ethyl-19-nortestosterone).

COMPARATIVE ABILITY OF SOME STEROIDS AND THEIR ESTERS TO ENHANCE THE RENAL β-GLUCURONIDASE ACTIVITY OF MICE

In earlier studies from this laboratory (l-3), it was demonstrated that on parenteral administration certain steroids, particularly those closely related to testosterone, possessed the ability to enhance the kidney /3-glucuronidase activity of various strains of mice. Fishman, Artenstein, and Green (3) established experimental conditions which made it possible to obtain uniform and reproducible figures for mouse kidney &glucuronidase activity in the Ajax strain of mice. A large number of steroids were screened. Androgens as a group were found to increase renal p-glucuronidase, seven out of forty-nine pregnane and corticoid derivatives showed weak activity, and estrogens and progesterone were without effect. With use of testosterone as the reference steroid (which gave a 3-fold response), they found that the following changes in the molecule enhanced the potency: (1) esterification of the 17p-OH, (2) introduction of a 17~CHo group, (3) reduction of the A4 double bond, and (4) elimination of the 19-CH3 group. The following alterations reduced potency: replacement of the 17@OH (1) by a 17~0H, (2) by a 17-ketone, and (3) by introduction of an lla-, 14cr-, or 6/3-OH group. In the AK-androstenediol series, enhancement of activity was seen in the 17a-CH3 compound, the potency of which was reduced by blocking the 17P-OH group or by oxidizing it to a 17-keto group. In the present report, conditions are described which make the assay more reliable and significant for steroids highly potent with regard to the renal &glucuronidase response. By this means, it was discovered that esters of testosterone had a much higher order of activity than that shown by unesterified testosterone. Moreover, the study of newer compounds by the “screening” method has yielded findings which bear on the relationship between structure and activity of some protein-anabolic steroids.

Some factors influencing thymus nitrogen content of the immature male mouse.

Neither the stress resulting from a 48 or 60-hour fast nor the administration of cortisone acetate has a significant effect on the total nitrogen content of the mouse thymus gland. On the other hand, it appears that the protein anabolic steroids induce a significant decrease in the thymus total nitrogen content.

Methylandrostenediol; a protein-anabolic steroid with little androgenic activity.

THE need for a compound which stimulates general tissue growth has led to examination of a number of agents by several methods of assay. The final test of clinical usefulness of such a compound is its ability to produce an increment of tissue in man as measured by weight, height, and metabolic balance studies. The hormones found to be potent in this respect are also strongly androgenic, a quality which limits their clinical application. Although the growth hormone of the anterior pituitary gland fulfills the criteria of tissue growth in animal experimentation and is devoid of androgenic activity, existing preparations of this hormone have been disappointing in man (1, 2). Previous experiments have suggested that the androgenic potency of the steroids does not necessarily parallel their anabolic activity (3). These studies have also indicated that the weight of the levator ani muscle of the castrate male rat reflects the anabolic efficacy of administered steroids. This muscle is restored to normal, or even...