Protective Glasses Research Articles

Knowledge and Perception of COVID-19 Pandemic during the First Wave (Feb-May 2020): A Cross-Sectional Study among Italian Healthcare Workers.

Italy was the first country in Europe to face the coronavirus pandemic. The aim of the study was to analyze healthcare workers’ (HCWs) level of information, practice, and risk perception towards COVID-19. We set up a cross-sectional study through SurveyMonkey® and distributed the link through Facebook and Whatsapp closed groups. The research instrument was a 31 items questionnaire distributed using Facebook and Whatsapp. It was conducted in Italy from February to May 2020. The study participants were general practitioners, pediatricians and other health professionals. A total of 958 participants were included: 320 (33.4%) general practitioners, 248 (25.9%) pediatricians and 390 (40.7%) other health professionals. The highest response rate was from Northern Italy (48.1%), followed by Central Italy (29.9%) and Southern Italy (22.0%). Less than a half (46%) of respondents felt they had a good level of information of COVID-19 case definition and of national prevention guidelines. Respondents reported to have changed their clinical practice; particularly, they increased the use of masks (87.1%, p < 0.001), disinfection and sanitization of doctors’ offices (75.8%, p < 0.001), the use of protective glasses (71.2%, p < 0.001), alcoholic hand solution (71.2%, p < 0.001), and hand washing (31.8%, p = 0.028). HCWs are at high risk of infection; less than a half of them felt adequately prepared to face COVID-19 pandemic, so they need extensive information and awareness of the disease to take adequate precautionary measures, and they are crucial to disseminate good practices.

Performance of a new commercial high-definition 3D patient specific quality assurance system for CyberKnife robotic radiotherapy and radiosurgery

Conventional two dimensional and low-definition measurement techniques for dosimetric verification of radiotherapy treatment deliveries are no longer adequate in the era of hypofractionation and extremely high dose gradients. New quality assurance (QA) tools with 3D capability and high definition are urgently needed. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the performance of one of the first such commercial systems as applied to CyberKnife (CK) radiotherapy/radiosurgery system.This study employed the recently developed commercial 3D patient-specific quality assurance (PSQA) system. Tissue-equivalent radiochromic polymer gel dosimeters, sealed in light protective thin-wall glass spheres (CrystalBalls), were mounted in a high-precision acrylic QA stand. Patient treatment plans were superimposed on the simulator CT scan of one selected CrystalBall and were irradiated in CK machine. CrystalBalls were then scanned using a laser CT scanner (OCTOPUS, MGS Research, Inc., DBA 3D Dosimetry, Madison, CT, USA). The simulator CT scan and the laser CT scan of the CrystalBall were registered in 6D using the VOLQA (MGS Research, Inc., DBA 3D Dosimetry, Madison, CT, USA) software. Planned and delivered dose distributions were compared by means of 3D gamma passing rates at user-selected acceptance criteria. Cumulative 3D dose-volume histograms and overlays of orthogonal profiles and isodoses both in 2D and in 3D were also generated, along with voxel statistics for dose difference and distance-to-agreement criteria. Twelve stereotactic radiosurgery/stereotactic radiotherapy/stereotactic body radiation therapy patients were selected randomly such that each set of two represented one of the six diagnoses: brain metastasis, trigeminal neuralgia, spine metastasis, prostate cancer, lung cancer and liver cancer. The validation of the 3D system was carried out by comparing the 2D gamma passing rates for all the patients using EBT3 films sandwiched between PMMA slabs and then analyzed with PTW VeriSoft software.The 3D gamma passing rate averaged over all patients studied was (90.5 ± 6.7) % at acceptance criteria of 2% (local) dose difference and 2 mm distance-to-agreement down to 20% isodose. For 3% (local) dose difference and 3 mm distance-to-agreement (also down to 20% cutoff dose), the average passing rate was (96.0 ± 3.1) %.The results of the study presented here form part of the information needed to assess suitability of a system and hence, the results suggest that the new high-definition 3D CrystalBall system can be a useful PSQA tool as a part of quality assurance for CK.

Eye lens dosimetry with BeOSL Hp(3) dosemeters in interventional angiography and neuroradiology

In a first clinical application study, recently introduced BeOSL Hp(3) dosemeters were used for cumulative workplace characterization measurements in interventional radiology and interventional neuroradiology. Eye lens doses were accumulated on dosemeters assigned to interventions in specific anatomical areas and shared by multiple physicians. Doses were measured inside and outside of radiation protection glasses in order to compare shielded and unshielded doses near the left eye of the operator. Dose values per intervention were in the range of 0.014 mSv–0.097 mSv with the highest doses in interventions performed on the anatomical areas of the spine, abdomen, and pelvis. Additionally, Hp(10) doses were recorded at the collar of the thyroid protector, which showed a limited correlation with eye lens doses. Dose reduction factors obtained for two types of radiation protection glasses were between 2.5 and 6 in accordance with previous static measurements in the laboratory. While no systematic extrapolation to annual doses based on actual annual numbers of interventions for individual physicians has been performed yet, a simple time-based extrapolation of the recorded doses suggests that unshielded eye lens doses can approach the annual limit of 20 mSv and underline the importance of the use of radiation protection glasses and dose monitoring.

Availability and Utilization of Personal Protective Equipment by Nigerian Physiotherapists during COVID-19 Pandemic

Introduction: Physiotherapists are exposed to contracting infectious diseases because of the level of contact they have with patients in the course of performing their statutory clinical duties.&#x0D; Objective: The major objective of the study is to determine the availability and utilization of personal protective equipment (PPE) by Nigerian physiotherapists during the COVID-19 pandemic.&#x0D; Methods: One hundred and eighty-one (181) Nigerian physiotherapists participated in an online survey using Google Form application that lasted between September 2020 and October 2020. The data collection instrument was a 22-item close-ended online questionnaire with three domains: demographics, availability of PPE, and utilization of PPE. The authors made use of different WhatsApp platforms hosting only physiotherapists as a means of reaching out to the respondents. Data obtained from the study were analyzed using STATA 13. A p-value of less than 0.05 was considered to be statistically significant (confidence level = 95).&#x0D; Results: The result of the study shows there were high availability and utilization of facemasks and hand gloves for the Nigerian physiotherapists during the period of COVID-19 pandemic in the different health facilities; it also shows there was low availability of apron and poor availability of protective eye shield/goggles and shoes during the same period. The finding also showed there was low utilization of apron, protective glasses and shoes by the Nigerian physiotherapists during the peak of COVID-pandemic.&#x0D; Conclusions: Most Nigerian physiotherapists had more face masks and hand gloves during COVID-19 pandemic than they had protective aprons, goggles and shoes. Also, there was high utilization of facemasks and the hand gloves more than an apron, eye shield and protective shoes because the more the PPE was available the more the utilization by the Nigerian Physiotherapists.

Short-beam shear fatigue life assessment of thermally cycled carbon–aluminium laminates with protective glass interlayers

Fibre metal laminates (FMLs) are attractive construction materials, especially for use in aerospace and transport facilities. Throughout their service life, thin-walled structures made of FMLs are exposed to static and dynamic loads, as well as corrosion and the unfavourable influence of environmental conditions. The paper presents an experimental analysis of the combined mechanical and environmental long-term behaviour of carbon-based fibre metal laminates and their variants with protective glass layers. The Al alloy/CFRP and Al alloy/GFRP/CFRP laminates in a 3/2 configuration were used. The tested laminates were subjected to 1500 thermal cycles with a temperature range of 130 °C. The static and fatigue interlaminar shear strengths were tested before and after thermal conditioning. It was shown that the stable stiffness reduction in the tested laminates was observed with increasing fatigue cycles, due to the progressive fatigue damage accumulation. The thermally cycled laminates feature slightly smoother stiffness loss, while a more rapid decrease was observed in thermally untreated laminates. Moreover, the fatigue life of the tested laminates subjected to thermal cycling revealed nine times fewer fatigue cycles of laminates with glass protectors after thermal cycles in comparison to the laminates not subjected to thermal cycling.

Are X-ray Safety Glasses Alone Enough for Adequate Ocular Protection in Complex Radiological Interventions?

The maximum annual radiation ocular dose limit for medical staff has been reduced to 20 mSv in the current European directive 2013/59/Euratom. This multi-centric study aims at reporting the protected and unprotected eye lens doses in different fluoroscopically guided interventions and to evaluate any other factors that could influence the ocular dose. From July 2018 to July 2019, ocular radiation doses of six interventionists of four departments during complex interventions were recorded with a thermoluminescent dosimeter in front of and behind radiation protection glasses to measure the protected and unprotected doses. The position of personnel, intervention type, fluoroscopy time, total body dose and use of pre-installed protection devices like lead acrylic shields were also systematically recorded. Linear regression analysis was used to estimate the doses at 2 y and 5 y. The annual unprotected/protected ocular doses of six interventionists were 67/21, 32.7/3.3, 27.4/5.1, 7/0, 21.8/2.2, and 0/0 mSv, respectively. The unprotected dose crossed the 20-mSv annual limits for four interventionists and protected dose for one less experienced interventionist. The estimated 5-y protected ocular dose of this interventionist was 101.318 mSv (95%CI 96.066-106.57), also crossing the 5-y limit. The use of a lead acrylic shield was observed to have a significant effect in reducing ocular doses. The annual unprotected and protected ocular doses for interventionists dealing with complex interventions could cross the present permitted yearly limit. The measurement of significant protected ocular dose behind the radiation protection glasses emphasizes the additional indispensable role of pre-installed radiation protection devices and training in reducing radiation doses for complex procedures.

Evaluation of Radiation Protection Methods for Assistant Staff during CT Imaging in High-energy Trauma: Lens Dosimetry with a Phantom Study.

Staff are exposed to radiation in the scanning room when assisting with CT scans of patients requiring ventilatory support during procedures. We measured lens doses using a phantom during a high-energy trauma protocol. Dosimetry showed that the unprotected lens received 2.02 mGy on the right and 1.91 mGy on the left, which are not negligible doses. Respective exposures to the right and left lens were 53.6% and 55.1% when wearing 0.07 mm Pb protective glasses with side covers; 53.7% and 64.2% when wearing 0.7 mm Pb glasses without side covers when facing away from the patient couch; and 92.1% and 91.2% using protective shielding in the gantry. Since the face direction may change during assistance with CT imaging, it is desirable that the protective glasses have a shape with a side cover. The protective shielding had a major radiation reduction effect, although it is expensive to acquire, install, and maintain.

Rapid and convenient crystallization of quantum dot CsPbBr3 inside a phosphate glass matrix

Although inorganic halide perovskite quantum dots (QDs) have promising photophysical properties and a wide range of applications, they suffer from some issues such as poor water and thermal stabilities. Here, we developed a simple strategy to embedded CsPbBr3 QDs in a glass matrix by adopting conventional melt-quenching technique. We systematically presented the modified glass melting and quenching technique for the direct crystallization of CsPbBr3 QDs inside a glass matrix. Crystallization of the QDs took place during the cooling of the quenched hot glass melt. The effect of the concentration of Cs2CO3, PbBr2 and NaBr on the formation of CsPbBr3 QDs size was also identified. The glasses containing CsPbBr3-embedded QDs showed photoluminescence emission stability without any alteration in their emission peaks and full-width at half-maximum for at least six months under ambient conditions. Our results provide new insights into rapid and convenient crystallization of QDs inside the protective glass matrix. The technique can be utilized to fabricate several rare earth ions co-doped QDs glasses for various color tunable lighting optical devices application.

Coats disease ‒ case report

Coats disease is a rare, in about 90% of cases unilateral idiopathic eye pathology. It is characterized by telangiectatic and aneurysmally altered retinal blood vessels and progressive intra- and subretinal exudation, which can lead to exudative retinal detachment. Most often the symptoms manifest in the advanced stages. Purpose: To report a case with Coats disease. 10 year old boy, admitted to the Eye Clinic of the University Alexandrovska Hospital – Sofia, with leucocoria and strabismus of the right eye. Method: Full ophthalmic and orthoptic examination, OCT. Results: 3B stage of Coats disease of the right eye was established. The chance for improvement after surgery was evaluated as very little, so our patient remained under observation with protective glasses and prevention of complications. Conclusion: It is of great importance to early diagnose the disease, so to have more treatment options.

MINIMIZING THE EXPOSURE TO THE EYE LENS OF RADIOLOGIC TECHNOLOGISTS ASSISTING PATIENTS DURING CHEST X RAYS: A PHANTOM STUDY.

As chest x rays involve risks of patients falling, radiologic technologists (technologists) commonly assist patients, and as the assistance takes place near the patients, the eye lenses of the technologists are exposed to radiation. The recommendations of the International Commission on Radiological Protection suggest that the risk of developing cataracts due to lens exposure is high, and this makes it necessary to reduce and minimize the exposure. The present study investigated the positions of technologists assisting patients that will minimize exposure of the eye lens to radiation. The results showed that it is possible to reduce the exposure by assisting from the following positions: 50% at the sides rather than diagonally behind, 10% at the right side of the patient rather than the left and 40% at 250mm away from the patient. The maximum reduction with radiation protection glasses was 54% with 0.07mmPb and 72% with 0.88mmPb.

Does Virtual Reality Affect Children’s Dental Anxiety, Pain, And Behaviour? A Randomised, Placebo-Controlled, Cross-Over Trial

Objective: To evaluate the effect of virtual reality (VR) on dental anxiety, pain, and behaviour at different time points among children undergoing dental treatment under local anaesthesia. Material and Methods: This randomised, two‐armed, within-subject, cross-over, placebo-controlled trial included 76 children. Eligible participants were treated in two dental visits using the following methods: with protective glasses only, without distraction (attention placebo-controlled - APC); and with the treatment condition (i.e., VR). Primary outcomes were dental anxiety and pain; secondary outcome was dental visit behaviour. Heart rate scores were recorded as an objective measure to evaluate dental anxiety and pain. Subjective measurements for each variable were also performed. Results: Significant reduction in dental pain and anxiety was observed in the VR group, according to the heart rate scores; however, no statistical differences were observed according to the self-reported measures. Decreased dental anxiety and pain were associated with the first visit sequence with VR. Dental pain and anxiety scores were lower during local anaesthesia in the VR group than in the APC group. Conclusion: Virtual reality significantly reduced pain and anxiety during local anaesthesia in children undergoing dental treatment; therefore, it may be recommended during dental treatment in school-age children.

COVID-19 Pandemisinin Oftalmologların Klinik Tutum ve Alışkanlıklarına Etkisinin Araştırılması: Bir Anket Çalışması

Objective: While the coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is rapidly spreading all over the world in a short time, ophthalmological examinations that require to be in close contact with patients have increased the risk of disease infection for ophthalmologists. In this study, it is aimed to examine various personal protective equipment and clothes used by ophthalmologists to protect themselves in ophthalmology and analyze the changes in their attitude and approaches towards patients during the pandemic period. Material and Methods: During a 3-month period beginning from the pandemic in Turkey, a 22-question survey about ophthalmologists' use of mask, clothes, biomicroscope breathing shield, protective glasses, gloves, the habit of giving contact lens, surgical practices in the clinic, number of patients, attitude towards patients, contacts with the confirmed COVID19 patients and COVID-19 duties apart from ophthalmology have been prepared and sent to all opthalmologists working in Turkey and the obtained data were analyzed. Results: A hundred and twelve voluntary ophthalmologists have participated in the study. While all participants were putting on masks in the clinic, 79.6% of them were wearing protective clothes, 64.5% of them were putting on face shields and 96.4% of them were using a biomicroscope breathing shield. While 44% of the participants have been in non-ophthalmology COVID-19 duty, 92% of participants' giving contact lenses, and the surgical routine of 93% of them have changed during the pandemic period. Communications with patients, patient numbers, and examination duration have also been affected by the pandemic period at varying degrees. Conclusion: In the pandemic period, many ophthalmologists have been on the pandemic duty aside from their fields and this period has affected at varying rates the duration of ophthalmologists' communication and examination, their patient number, and their routines such as giving contact lens and surgical practice.

Predictors for Visual Outcomes in Eye Injuries with Intraocular Foreign Body.

ObjectiveTo study the visual outcomes and identify the predictive factors for visual outcomes in patients with eye injuries and retained intraocular foreign bodies (IOFBs).Patients and MethodsThe medical records of 359 consecutive patients with eye injuries and retained IOFBs were retrospectively reviewed during 2009–2018. Demographic data, clinical findings, treatment and visual outcomes were studied. Univariate and multivariate analyses were used to identify the predictive factors.ResultsMost of the patients were male and the average age was 36.4 years old. The three most common causes of eye injuries were grass trimming (25.07%), chiseling (23.12%) and hammering (13.93%). Most of the patients (79.39%) presented with poor initial best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) (<3/60). Pars plana vitrectomy with IOFB removal was done in 273 eyes (76.04%). After treatment, eyes with poor BCVA (<3/60) decreased from 79.39% to 62.95% and eyes with good BCVA (≥3/60) increased from 20.61% to 37.05%. Poor initial best-corrected visual acuity (odds ratio 23.39, P<0.001), rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (odds ratio 9.91, P<0.001) and the presence of infectious endophthalmitis (odds ratio 2.06, P=0.02) were statistically significant predictive factors for poor visual outcome.ConclusionMost patients with eye injuries and IOFBs usually have poor final BCVA. Poor presenting BCVA, retinal detachment and endophthalmitis are significant predictive factors for poor visual outcomes. These factors can be used to inform the visual prognosis and plan prompt surgical intervention for the patients. Causes of IOFBs were mostly work-related and could be preventable. Education and activation of using appropriate protective safety glasses during work are necessary to avoid serious eye injuries and blindness.

Knowledge and attitude about infection control in dental practice among dental undergraduate students in Davangere city: A cross sectional survey

Background: Dental clinic is an environment which poses potential risk for disease transmission both for dentists and their patients. Hence a study was planned to assess knowledge and attitude of undergraduate dental students in Davangere city about infection control in dental practice.Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional survey was conducted among 258 undergraduate dental students in Davangere city. A 21-item prevalidated structured close ended questionnaire was administered to the participants. Data was analyzed using chi-square test. Statistical significance was set at p ≤ 0.05.Results: Out of 258 participants, 62% were females and belonged to third year (54%). Majority of them had good knowledge (>90%) about infection control in dental practice and more than 90% believed that dentists had a risk of acquiring HIV and Hepatitis infection and felt hepatitis vaccination was mandatory. More than 80% of them used gloves, face masks, head cap and gown, washed hands before and after examining patient and were willing to implement and follow the infection control procedures in clinical practice. However, majority did not wear eye protective glasses (>80%) and 90% had experienced non-sterile occupational percutaneous injury which was a cause of concern.Conclusion: The knowledge of dental undergraduate students about infection control measures in dental practice was good. However, many reported non-sterile occupational injuries during clinical practice.

The Method for Estimation of Radiation Dose of Eye Lens Covered by Radiation Protection Glasses Using Personal Dosimeter for Trunk of the Body and X-ray Shielding Material

Radiation protection glasses is a useful tool for dose reduction of eye lens. However, the method to evaluate the dose of eye lens, which is covered with radiation protection glasses in actual radiation management situation, has not been established. We invented the easy-to-use procedure to estimate the dose of eye lens inside of radiation protection glasses for occupationally exposed person using an X-ray shielding material and an additional personal dosimeter for trunk of the body. The objective of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of the new method. The radiation field in interventional radiology (IR) was reconstructed. A personal dosimeter was set to the eye position and neck position of medical staff phantom. Each dosimeter was covered by radiation protection glasses or X-ray shielding material, and the 1 cm or 70 mm dose equivalent quantity in the neck position was compared to the 3 mm dose equivalent quantity in the eye position. The dose equivalent quantity measured inside of X-ray shielding material in the neck position was similar to that of inside radiation protection glasses. Thus, the X-ray attenuation by radiation protection glasses was able to be simulated using the X-ray shielding material. It was suggested that the dose of eye lens inside of radiation protection glasses could be easily estimated by covering the conventional personal dosimeter for trunk of the body with the X-ray shielding material.

Wear of the PG-CP4 powder coating applied to HVG steel and subjected to laser treatment

The article considers the influence of the radiation power W, the longitudinal feed Spr of the laser beam and the distance L from the protective glass of the laser focusing head to the workpiece on the PG-CP4 powder coating absolute wear which was applied to HVG steel by plasma and subjected to laser treatment. A multi-factor model is established that relates the absolute wear of PG-CP4 coating to the input process factors and allows you to assign a laser treatment mode to provide the minimum wear of the processed surface layer. The greatest influence on coating absolute wear is provided by the longitudinal feed of laser beam, with which the wear increases. Compared to Spr, the influence of factor W on the coating absolute wear is 24% less, and the factor L influence is 4.4 times less. The minimum absolute wear of the coating occurs at W = 5 kW, Spr = 40 mm/s, L = 85 mm. The results of the research are recommended for use in enterprises that implement the processes of plasma and laser processing of materials, as well as in design organizations that develop modern technological laser systems.

A Unique case of Globe injury during lockdown period

We are reporting a unique case of globe injury which occurred during the coronavirus lockdown in an inexperienced badminton player who had recently taken up the sport to ward off boredom. A -26 years old male presented with sudden onset diminution of vision in the right eye following trauma by shuttlecock. On evaluation he was diagnosed as a case of closed globe injury with traumatic uveitis iridodialysis from 2 to 5- 0rsquoclock and rosette shaped traumatic cataract. The patient was managed conservatively with guarded visual recovery due to cataract. This case highlights the importance of wearing protective glasses in the sports

Modeling of the PG-CP4 coating hardness applied to H12M steel and subjected to laser treatment

The article considers the influence of the radiation power W, the longitudinal feed Spr of the laser beam and the distance L from the protective glass of the laser focusing head to the workpiece on the PG-CP4 coating hardness which was applied to H12M steel by plasma and then subjected to laser treatment. A multi-factor model is established that relates the PG-CP4 coating hardness to the input process factors and allows you to quickly assign a laser treatment mode and to control it in order to improve the quality of the processed surface layer. Increasing W, Spr and L leads to a increase in the HV parameter. The longitudinal feed Spr of the laser beam has the greatest effect on the surface layer hardness, then followed the distance L and radiation power W. The research results are relevant for manufacturing enterprises that implement laser processing processes of materials and design organizations that develop modern laser equipment.

Proposal for Reduction Measures of Eye Lens Exposure Based on Actual Exposure Management in Radiation-exposed Medical Staff

To investigate the actual condition of the crystalline lens equivalent dose and effective dose according to the type of job and the type of duties in a medical institution. We also sought to clarify effective exposure reduction strategies. Equivalent crystalline lens doses, effective doses, job type, and duties for 8656 persons · year were obtained from 17 medical facilities. We analyzed the relationship between the effective dose and the crystalline lens equivalent dose in uniform exposure control and non-uniform exposure control conditions. Exposure data were obtained for 13 unique job types and duties. The ratio of the lens equivalent dose to the effective dose of non-uniform exposure managers was 2 to 6 times and varied depending on the occupation. The percentage of persons whose annual lens equivalent dose exceeded 20 mSv was 4.75% for medical doctors, 1.17% for nurses, and 0.24% for radiological technologists. Highly exposed tasks included doctors in cardiology and gastroenterology performing angiography and endoscopy, nurses in endoscopy, and radiological technologists in radiography and CT examinations. Thorough unequal exposure control for operations with high crystalline lens exposure, radiation protection education, and effective use of proper personal protective equipment such as the use of radiation protection glasses may reduce lens exposure levels.

Pattern of ocular manifestations and the prevalence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 in tears of hospitalized coronavirus disease 2019 patients

PURPOSE:Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus2 (SARSCoV2) can affect eyes in various forms. Furthermore, ocular surface can act as potential port of entry and ocular secretions as possible route of transmission of SARSCoV2. The aims of the study are to identify ocular manifestation in confirmed coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID19) patients and to evaluate conjunctival secretions as the possible route of transmission of this disease.MATERIALS AND METHODS:A prospective, populationbased, observational study was done. Ocular symptoms and signs of every hospitalized patient with SARSCoV2 infection between September 15, 2020, and November 15, 2020, were recorded. Tear samples of the first 60 participants (30 each of patients with severe and moderate illness, can be removed) with ocular manifestations were selected for real-time polymerase chain reaction (RTPCR). Data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Science Software (SPSS) program, version 23. When comparing mean values, ttest was used otherwise Chisquare test.RESULTS:Out of 804 admitted patients during study period, 309 (38.4%) patients were identified with ocular manifestations, out of which 78% (241) had conjunctival hyperemia, 65.6% (203) had follicular reaction in palpebral conjunctiva, 58% (180) had chemosis, and 58% (99) had discharge and 18.4% (57) complained of burning in their eyes. Mean duration from systemic manifestation to onset of ocular symptoms was 4.52 ± 1.47 days while 8 patients (1%) had conjunctivitis as the presenting symptom. SARSCoV2 was detected in 18.3% patients (11 out of 60) using RTPCR.CONCLUSION:The presence of SARSCoV2 in ocular secretions of patients with ocular manifestations suggests that COVID19infected patients with ocular manifestations should wear protective glasses to prevent secretions contamination to healthy persons.