Protective Effect Of Sesame Oil Research Articles

The protective role of sesame oil against Parkinson's-like disease induced by manganese in rats

Chronic exposure to manganese (Mn) results in motor dysfunction, biochemical and pathological alterations in the brain. Oxidative stress, inflammation, and dysfunction of dopaminergic and GABAergic systems stimulate activating transcription factor-6 (ATF-6) and protein kinase RNA-like ER kinase (PERK) leading to apoptosis. This study aimed to investigate the protective effect of sesame oil (SO) against Mn-induced neurotoxicity. Rats received 25 mg/kg MnCl2 and were concomitantly treated with 2.5, 5, or 8 ml/kg of SO for 5 weeks. Mn–induced motor dysfunction was indicated by significant decreases in the time taken by rats to fall during the rotarod test and in the number of movements observed during the open field test. Also, Mn resulted in neuronal degeneration as observed by histological staining. The striatal levels of lipid peroxides and reduced glutathione (oxidative stress markers), interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-α (inflammatory markers) were significantly elevated. Mn significantly reduced the levels of dopamine and Bcl-2, while GABA, PERK, ATF-6, Bax, and caspase-3 were increased. Interestingly, all SO doses, especially at 8 ml/kg, significantly improved locomotor activity, biochemical deviations and reduced neuronal degeneration. In conclusion, SO may provide potential therapeutic benefits in enhancing motor performance and promoting neuronal survival in individuals highly exposed to Mn.

Ameliorative effect of sesame oil on experimentally induced polycystic ovary syndrome: A cross-link between XBP-1/PPAR-1, regulatory proteins for lipogenesis/steroids.

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a mixed endocrine/metabolic/reproductive disorder in women of reproductive age. Sesame oil (SO) contains sesame lignans & vitamin E with broad-spectrum antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. This study investigates the ameliorative effect of SO on experimentally induced PCOS and elucidates the possible molecular mechanisms with a deeper focus on the different signaling pathways involved. The study was carried out on 28 nonpregnant female Wister albino rats that were divided into four equal groups; Group I (control group) received oral 0.5% wt/vol carboxymethyl cellulose daily. Group II (SO group): orally administered SO (2 mL/kg body wt./day) for 21 days. Group III (PCOS group) received letrozole daily, 1 mg/kg, for 21 days. Group IV (PCOS + SO group): concomitantly administered letrozole and SO for 21 days. The serum hormonal and metabolic panel and the homogenate ATF-1, StAR, MAPK, PKA, and PI3K levels of the ovarian tissue were calorimetrically evaluated. However, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress was evaluated by ovarian XBP1 and PPAR-γ messenger RNA expression level using the qRT-PCR technique. Ovarian COX-2 was detected immunohistochemically. The results suggest that SO-treated PCOS rats showed a significantly improved hormonal, metabolic panel, inflammatory, and ER stress status with concomitant decreases in ATF-1, StAR, MAPK, PKA, and PI3K in ovarian rats compared to the correspondent values in PCOS without treatment. CONCLUSIONS: The protective effects of SO against PCOS are triggered by ameliorating regulatory proteins of ER stress, lipogenesis, and steroidogenesis through the PI3K/PKA and MAPK/ERK2 signaling cascades. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most common mixed endocrine-metabolic dysfunction among women within the reproductive period, with an estimated prevalence of 5%-26% worldwide. Doctors traditionally recommend metformin for PCOS patients. However, metformin is known to be associated with significant adverse effects and contraindications. This work aimed at shedding light on the ameliorative effect of sesame oil (SO), natural polyunsaturated fatty acids-rich oil, on the induced PCOS model. SO proved to have a marvelous effect on the metabolic and endocrine derangements in the PCOS rat model. We hoped to provide a valuable alternative treatment for PCOS patients to avoid the side effects of metformin and to help PCOS patients for whom metformin is contraindicated.

Hepato-nephro-toxicity Induced by Premium Fungicide and Protective Effect of Sesame Oil

Background: Fungicides impact on agriculture is reflected by the wide spread use of azoxustrobin (AZX) and metalxyl M, the active ingredients of premium fungicide used on more than 80 different crops. Objective: The present study aimed to investigate the hepato-renal-toxicity of premium fungicide on adult albino rats and focused on benefits of sesame oil in detoxification of toxicological effects of fungicides. Materials and methods: Thirty male albino rats allocated into five groups, -ve, +ve control and sesame oil groups. While the two other groups were treated with sesame oil before and after fungicide exposure daily by gavage for (28 days). Results: Exposure of male albino rats to Azoxystrobin fungicide resulted in liver and kidney injury as evidenced by increased liver and renal function bioindicator (ALT, AST, ALP, urea and creatinine)..Also, glutathione (GSH) was significantly decreases and malondialdhyde (MDA) was increased as oxidative stress biomarkers. In addition, degeneration of some tubular epithelial cells and hemorrhage in kidney and severe inflammatory cell infiltration in liver. Conclusion: The present study concluded that premium had induced functional and histological changes in liver and kidney male rats. Sesame oil successfully ameliorated the oxidative stress, hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity of fungicide.

THE PROTECTIVE EFFECT OF SESAME OIL AGAINST RENAL TOXICITY INDUCED BY CCL4 IN EXPERIMENTAL MODEL

Objective: Renal toxicity is one of the most common kidney problems that occur when the body is subjected to drugs or chemical reagents as carbon tetrachloride (CCl4). The aim of present study was to investigate the protective effect of a daily oral dose of sesame oil on oxidative stress, lipid peroxidation and DNA damage associated renal injury induced by CCl4 injection. Renal injury was induced in rats by interaperitoneal injection of 10% CCl4 dissolved in olive oil twice a week in a dose of 1ml/kg, another group of rats simultaneously received sesame oil orally at a dose of 1ml/kg for six weeks. At the end of the experimental period, the protective effect of sesame oil was measured on kidney injury molecule (KIM-1), oxidative stress (malondialdehyde (MDA)), total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and DNA damage. The present study found that sesame oil inhibited CCl4-induced renal injury, lipid peroxidation, DNA damage and increased antioxidant capacity. It was found that co-administration of sesame oil along with CCl4 ameliorated the toxic effect of CCl4 which led to a significant decrease of urea, creatinine, MDA and significant increase in glutathione (GSH) levels, also decrease DNA fragmentation by reduced olive tail moment and the % of tail DNA and decrease KIM1 expression. Co-administration of sesame oil along with CCl4 increased antioxidant capacity by increasing nuclear factor-erythroid-2-related factor (Nrf2) and TAC levels. We hypothesize that a daily sesame oil supplement attenuates oxidative stress associated renal injury by reducing oxygen free radicals and lipid peroxidation in CCl4 treated rats and increased antioxidant capacity.

AMELIORATING THE TOXIC EFFECTS OF CYPERMETHRIN BY SESAME OIL IN MALE RABBITS

This study intended to evaluate the beneficial protective effects of sesame oil (SO) on cypermethrin (CYP)-induced sub chronic toxicity in rabbits. Male rabbits were divided into 4 groups: I: control; II: Cypermethrin (CYP, 48 mg/kg body weight, bw); III: CYP (48 mg/kg bw)+SO (1 ml/kg bw); and IV: SO (1 ml/kg bw). All treatments were orally administered three times per week for 9 weeks. CYP induced toxic effects on liver and kidney as revealed by a significant increase in serum liver enzyme activities with a significant decrease in total protein and albumin in addition to a significant increase in creatinine and uric acid levels. The effect of CYP on male fertility was demonstrated by a significant decrease in testis and epididymis weights, epididymis sperm counts, sperm motility with a significant increase in sperm abnormalities. Besides, a significant decrease in testosterone levels along with a significant increase in prolactin levels. CYP induced oxidative stress distinguished by a significant increase in malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in addition to a significant decrease in reduced glutathione (GSH) contents and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity. Also, CYP produced a significant increase in sperm DNA damage. Co-treatment of SO with CYP improved all alterations induced by CYP. In conclusion SO has beneficial protective effects as it tends to dampen CYP sub chronic toxicity in male rabbit.Key words: sesame oil; cypermethrin; oxidative stress; male fertility; rabbit

The Potential Protective Effect of Sesame Oil and Canola Oil on Rats Exposed to Malathion

The Potential Protective Effect of Sesame Oil and Canola Oil on Rats Exposed to Malathion

The protective role of sesame oil against bisphenol A-induced cardiotoxicity: a histological and immunohistochemical study

Introduction Bisphenol-A (BPA), an estrogenic compound, is used in the manufacture of polycarbonate plastics and epoxy resins. Sesame oil (SO) is a potent antioxidant dietary source for human health. Aim The present study was conducted to estimate the protective effects of SO against BPA-induced cardiotoxicity. Materials and methods Thirty two adult rats were divided into 4 equal groups eight rat for each; Control group, 2 Treated group, one group received BPA (25 mg/kg b wt) orally 5 times/weak for 4 weeks and other group rats received (50 mg/kg b. wt) orally 5 times /weak for 4 weeks. Protected group received sesame oil orally at a dose 10 mL/kg b wt orally daily for 4 weeks to the rat group which received the high dose of BPA. After the end of treatments, the heart of each killed animal was subjected to histopathological examination by hematoxylin and eosin, Masson’s, and NOS stain. In addition, blood was collected for biochemical assessment of the enzymes. Results Administration of high-dose BPA (50 mg/kg b. wt) significantly increased the weight of rats. Several histopathological alterations in cardiac tissue and elevation in malondialdehyde, creatine phosphokinase-MB, and glutathione-S-transferase activity and reduction of glutathione and catalase occurred when compared with the control. Low-dose BPA (25 mg/kg b. wt) produced mild histopathological effect on the heart. On the contrary, oral gavages of SO with BPA was effective in the reduction of weight, amelioration of histopathological alterations, and in the reduction of the malondialdehyde, creatine phosphokinase-MB, and glutathione-S-transferase activity levels and elevation of glutathione and catalase activity when compared with high-dose BPA-treated rats. Conclusion The present study provided clear evidence that SO possesses a promising protective activity against the cardiotoxic effects of BPA.

Daily sesame oil supplementation mitigates ketoconazole-induced oxidative stress-mediated apoptosis and hepatic injury

Ketoconazole (KCZ) is the most commonly used systemic antifungal drug. However, long-term treatment of KCZ induces hepatic injury. Oxidative stress is involved in KCZ-induced hepatic injury. Oxidative stress plays an important role in apoptosis-associated hepatic damage. Sesame oil is rich in potent antioxidants and antifungal constituents. It attenuates hepatic injury by inhibiting oxidative stress. Thus, sesame oil may protect against KCZ-induced oxidative stress, apoptosis and hepatic damage. The aim of the present study was to investigate the protective effect of sesame oil as a nutritional supplement on KCZ-induced hepatic injury in mice. KCZ (300 mg/kg/day) was administered by gastric intubation; 30 min later, sesame oil (0, 0.0625, 0.125, 0.25 or 0.5 ml/kg/day; p.o.) was administered to mice for 14 days. Blood and liver tissue were collected. Hepatic injury was evaluated by serum biochemistry and histology. Oxidative stress was evaluated by myeloperoxidase activity, p47-phox, reactive oxygen species generation, lipid peroxidation and glutathione level. Apoptosis was evaluated by p53, caspase-3, Bcl-2, Bax and Cyto-C expression. Osteopontin was measured to assess liver healing. Sesame oil attenuated hepatic injury; it also decreased oxidative stress and apoptosis in KCZ-treated mice. Sesame oil may be used as a nutritional supplement with existing antifungal therapies to neutralize the adverse hepatotoxic nature of antifungal drugs by attenuating hepatic apoptosis through redox system to protect and heal liver injury in KCZ-treated mice.

Genetic and histopathological alterations induced by cypermethrin in rat kidney and liver: Protection by sesame oil.

Pesticides are widespread synthesized substances used for public health protection and agricultural programs. However, they cause environmental pollution and health hazards. This study aimed to examine the protective effects of sesame oil (SO) on the genetic alterations induced by cypermethrin (CYP) in the liver and kidney of Wistar rats. Male rats were divided into four groups, each containing 10 rats: the control group received vehicle, SO group (5 mL/kg b.w), CYP group (12 mg/kg b.w), and protective group received SO (5 mL/kg b.w) plus CYP (12 mg/kg b.w). Biochemical analysis showed an increase in albumin, urea, creatinine, GPT, GOT, and lipid profiles in the CYP group. Co-administration of SO with CYP normalized such biochemical changes. CYP administration decreased both the activity and mRNA expression of the examined antioxidants. SO co-administration recovered CYP, downregulating the expression of glutathione-S-transferase (GST), catalase, and superoxide dismutase. Additionally, SO co-administration with CYP counteracted the CYP- altering the expression of renal interleukins (IL-1 and IL-6), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), anigotensinogen (AGT), AGT receptors (AT1), and genes of hepatic glucose and fatty acids metabolism. CYP induced degenerative changes in the kidney and liver histology which are ameliorated by SO. In conclusion, SO has a protective effect against alterations and pathological changes induced by CYP in the liver and kidney at genetic and histological levels.

Sesame oil mitigates nutritional steatohepatitis via attenuation of oxidative stress and inflammation: a tale of two-hit hypothesis

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, the most common chronic liver disorder worldwide, comprises conditions from steatosis to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and cirrhosis. NASH is associated with an increased risk of hepatocellular carcinoma. Sesame oil, a healthful food, increases resistance to oxidative stress, inflammation and protects against multiple organ injury in various animal models. We investigated the protective effect of sesame oil against nutritional steatohepatitis in mice. C57BL/6 J mice were fed with methionine-choline deficient (MCD) diet for 28 days to induce NASH. Sesame oil (1 and 2 ml/kg) was treated from 22nd to 28th day. Body weight, steatosis, triglycerides, aspartate transaminase, alanine transaminase, nitric oxide, malondialdehyde, tumor necrosis factor-α, interlukin-6, interleukin-1β, leptin, and transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) were assessed after 28 days. All tested parameters were higher in MCD-fed mice than in normal control mice. Mice fed with MCD diet for 4 weeks showed severe liver injury with steatosis, oxidative stress, and necrotic inflammation. In sesame-oil-treated mice, all tested parameters were significantly attenuated compared with MCD-alone mice. Sesame oil inhibited oxidative stress, inflammatory cytokines, leptin, and TGF-β1 in MCD-fed mice. In addition, histological analysis showed that sesame oil provided significant protection against fibrotic collagen. We conclude that sesame oil protects against steatohepatitic fibrosis by decreasing oxidative stress, inflammatory cytokines, leptin and TGF-β1.

Sesame Oil Accelerates Healing of 2,4,6‐Trinitrobenzenesulfonic Acid–Induced Acute Colitis by Attenuating Inflammation and Fibrosis

Sesame oil is a component of traditional health food in Asian countries. Acute colitis is a form of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) with chronic inflammatory disorder of the bowel. The precise etiology of IBD remains unknown, but it is believed that an abnormal host response to endogenous antigens causes initial tissue injury with amplification of the immune response. We investigated the protective effect of sesame oil against 2,4,6-trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid (TNBS)-induced acute colitis in rats. Rats were intracolonically instilled with TNBS (120 mg/kg) using a cannula to induce colitis and then orally gavaged with sesame oil (4 mL/kg for 7 days) to attenuate TNBS-induced acute colitis. The acute colitis activity index (ACAI) was assessed using the colon weight/length ratio (mg/cm), thickness, extension of lesion, diarrhea, and macroscopic and microscopic damage scores. In addition, the degree of inflammation, mucins, and fibrosis was assessed by measuring mast cells, CD68(+) cells, neutral mucin, acidic mucin, collagen, and laminin on day 8 after inducing acute colitis. All tested parameters except neutral mucins were significantly higher in TNBS-induced acute colitis. Sesame oil significantly decreased the degree of inflammation, fibrosis, and acidic mucin and increased neutral mucin. We conclude that sesame oil accelerates the healing of an inflamed colon by inhibiting inflammation, acidic mucin, and fibrosis in TNBS-induced acute colitis in rats.

Sesame oil protects against hepatic injury via the inhibition of neutrophil activation in thioacetamide-treated rats

Thioacetamide (TAA) is a potent hepatotoxicant in acute and chronic hepatic injury. The study examined the protective effect of sesame oil against TAA-induced hepatic injury in rats. Hepatic injury was induced by intraperitoneal injection of 100 mg/kg of TAA for 24 h. Triple doses of sesame oil (1, 2, or 4 mL/kg) was given orally 0, 6, and 12 h after TAA treatment. TAA significantly increased serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels. Sesame oil decreased serum AST and ALT levels and significantly inhibited hepatic lipid peroxidation and nitric oxide levels compared with TAA-alone group. Further, sesame oil significantly inhibited TAA-induced hepatic neutrophil activation marker myeloperoxidase activity. However, sesame oil did not affect hepatic tumor necrosis factor, IL-1β and IL-10 generation in TAA-treated group. In conclusion, sesame oil protects against TAA-induced hepatic injury and oxidative stress via the inhibition of neutrophil activation. However, inflamm...

Cypermethrin induced damage in genomic DNA and histopathological changes in brain and haematotoxicity in rats: The protective effect of sesame oil

The protective effect of sesame oil against cypermethrin-induced brain toxicity was studied. Female rats were orally treated with cypermethrin, sesame oil and their combination for 30 consecutive days. The results showed that cypermethrin increased thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS), and decreased glutathione (GSH) and the activities of the antioxidant enzymes. Brain injury was confirmed by histopathological changes and DNA damage. Also, the reduction in the activities of acetylcholinesterase and monoamine oxidase (AChE & MAO), total protein, albumin and body weight, and the induction in triacylglycerol and cholesterol have been observed due to cypermethrin toxicity. Animals treated with sesame oil and cypermethrin together showed that brain TBARS and plasma triacylglycerol and cholesterol returned to the control level which indicating a protective effect of sesame oil. Also, sesame oil was able to attenuate the decrease in total protein, albumin, triacylglycerol and cholesterol, GSH, AChE and antioxidant enzymes induced by cypermethrin. In addition, sesame oil protected the brain histological changes and fragmentation of genomic DNA in animals treated with cypermethrin. The present results showed a protective effect of sesame oil against the cypermethrin induced brain toxicity and this could be associated mainly with the attenuation of the oxidative stress and the preservation in antioxidant enzymes.

Protective effects of sesame oil on 4-NQO-induced oxidative DNA damage and lipid peroxidation in rats

Sesame oil could be considered as a potent antioxidant and dietary supplement. It possesses antimutagenic, anti-inflammatory and anti-cardiac toxicity. In the view of available findings, the current study focused on determining the protective effects of sesame oil on 4-Nitroquinoline-1-oxide (4-NQO) -induced oxidative DNA damage and lipid peroxidation (LPO) in rats. Seven groups of Wistar albino rats each with 6 either sex were used. Groups were given vehicle control and sesame oil alone orally and 4-NQO (30 mg/kg) by intraperitoneal injection. Following the four dose levels (1, 2, 4, and 8 ml/kg orally), sesame oil plus 4-NQO were also tested. After 24 hours of 4-NQO injection, blood samples were drawn by venipuncture. DNA damage (8-hydroxy-2-deoxy guanosine; 8-OHdG) and LPO were estimated. LPO from the 4-NQO-treated group was 2.5-fold higher than that of the control LPO. Pretreatment with sesame oil reduced this by 16–61%. 8-OHdG DNA damage from 4-NQO was found to be 3-fold higher than that of controls. Pretreatment with sesame oil effectively protected against DNA damage in a dose-dependent fashion. This study indicates that the antioxidant, sesame oil, effectively protected DNA damage and LPO induced by 4-NQO.

Sesame Oil as a Protective Agent Against Doxorubicin Induced Cardio Toxicity in Rat

The therapeutic value of doxorubicin (DXO) as anticancer antibiotic is limited by its cardiotoxicity. This study aimed to investigate the protective effect of sesame oil against DXO-induced cardiotoxicity and oxidative stress. The administration of DXO (20 mg/kg) to Wister male rats, increased serum aspartate aminotransferase and creatine kinase activities (as cardiotoxicity indices) as well as cardiac malondialdehyde and protein carbonyl contents and catalase activity (as markers of oxidative stress). The cardiotoxicity damage in DOX treated rats was accompanied by histo pathological changes such as necrosis and apoptosis in cardiac tissues. These biochemical and histological disturbances were effectively attenuated on pretreatment with sesame oil (5ml/kg). These data suggest that sesame oil may be a suitable cardio protector during DOX treatment.

SESAME OIL ATTENUATES ACUTE IRON-INDUCED LIPID PEROXIDATION-ASSOCIATED HEPATIC DAMAGE IN MICE

Acute iron intoxication from the accidental ingestion of iron-containing preparations is one important cause of death in children. The aim of this study was to investigate the protective effect of sesame oil on acute iron-induced lipid peroxidation (LPO) and hepatic injury in mice. Acute iron intoxication was induced by giving ferric nitrilotriacetate to mice. Hepatic function was assessed using blood biochemistry. Free radicals were determined using a high-performance chemiluminescence analyzer. Ferric nitrilotriacetate increased serum ferrous (Fe) and LPO levels, and induced acute hepatic injury. Sesame oil (a) dose-dependently decreased acute iron-induced LPO and hepatic injury, (b) reduced acute iron-associated hydroxyl radical and superoxide anion generation, and (c) inhibited the activity of xanthine oxidase in acute iron intoxication. Thus, sesame oil might ameliorate LPO and acute hepatic injury by inhibiting xanthine oxidase-initiated superoxide anion generation, thereby reducing hydroxyl radical production, at least partially, in acutely iron-intoxicated mice.

Effect of dietary sesame oil as antioxidant on brain hippocampus of rat in focal cerebral ischemia

Oxidative stress may be regarded as an imbalance between free radical production and opposing antioxidant defenses. Free radical oxidative stress is implicated in rat cerebral ischemia and naturaceutical antioxidants are dietary supplements that have been reported to have neuroprotective activity. Many studies have reported dietary sesame oil (SO) as an effective antioxidant. In the present study the neuroprotective effect of dietary SO was evaluated against middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO)-induced cerebral ischemia injury in rats. Rats were fed on diet (20% SO) for 15 days. The middle cerebral artery of adult male Wistar rat was occluded for 2 h and reperfused for 22 h. The antioxidant properties of brain were measured as levels of reduced glutathione (GSH), glutathione- S-transferase (GST), glutathione peroxide (GPx), glutathione reductase (GR), catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS). A decrease in the activity of all the enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants was observed along with an increase in lipid peroxidation (LPO) in MCAO group. The neurobehavioral activity of rats was also observed by using videopath analyzer. Dietary SO improved the antioxidant status in MCAO + SO group when compared with MCAO group. The results of neurobehavioral activity also support our biochemical data. The results obtained suggest protective effect of SO against cerebral ischemia in rat brain through their antioxidant properties.

EFFECTS OF SESAME OIL ON OXIDATIVE STRESS AFTER THE ONSET OF SEPSIS IN RATS

The aim of this study was to investigate effects of sesame oil on oxidative stress after the onset of sepsis in rats. Effects of sesame oil on lipid peroxidation, superoxide anion, superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione, and nitrite after the onset of endotoxin intoxication were determined. To further examine the protective effect of sesame oil on sepsis, a mortality study was also conduced in cecal ligation and puncture-induced sepsis in rats. Sesame oil was given orally 6 h after endotoxin administration and cecal ligation and puncture, and parameters were then measured in another 6 h. Data demonstrated that a single dose of sesame oil reduced lipid peroxidation 6 h after endotoxin intoxication. Superoxide anion counts were decreased, glutathione levels were increased, and activities of superoxide dismutase and catalase, as well as nitrite levels, were not altered in lipopolysaccharide plus sesame oil-treated groups compared with lipopolysaccharide-treated groups. Furthermore, sesame oil given 6 h after cecal ligation and puncture significantly increased survival rate. Thus, we suggested that sesame oil could be used as a potent antioxidant to reduce oxidative stress after the onset of sepsis in rats.