Protective Approaches Research Articles

Different Media Education Approaches Predict Distinct Aspects of Digital Citizenship

Based on a national survey of 8,915 students, this study examines the prevalence of different types of media education practices in Swiss upper secondary schools and their relationship with students’ online civic engagement and respectful online behavior. Descriptive statistics reveal that schools place little emphasis on media education and that current practices focus primarily on protective media education approaches. Results from multi-level hierarchical multiple regression analysis show that expressive media activities positively predict students’ online civic engagement but not respectful online behavior, whereas addressing topics such as the ‘dangers of the internet’ predicts respectful online behavior but not online civic engagement. These findings underscore the challenge of promoting digital citizenship education, which simultaneously encourages civic engagement and respectful behavior. Additionally, there is a significant negative correlation between online civic engagement and respectful behavior, suggesting that digital citizenship frameworks encompassing both dimensions are more prescriptive than empirical in nature and that diverse digital citizenship profiles may exist, with some being more respectful butt less civically engaged, and others being more civically engaged but less respectful.

The Relationship of Limitations in Daily Living Activities and Other Health-Related Factors with Early Retirement.

The deterioration in health and functionality in older ages, in addition to biological changes, is affected by physical changes. Therefore, early retirement may become an inevitable choice. This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between limitations in daily living activities, mobility, and other health factors with early retirement in workers aged 50-67 in the 4th wave of the SHARE study in Europe. In this prospective cohort study, the working status was examined in 4 waves. The frequency of early retirement was 16.1%; it was higher in male and low-educated people. Those with poor self-perceived health and those with more chronic diseases retired earlier. The frequency of early retirement was 16.0% for those who had no difficulty in basic daily living activities, 22.4% for those who had difficulties (p 0.019), and those who had limitations retired earlier (RR 1.50). Early retirement was higher in those with two or more chronic diseases compared to those without (RR 1.26) and was higher in those who consumed alcohol 5days a week than those who didn't (RR 1.34). A 1-unit increase in BMI increased the risk by 1.02 times. It has been clearly revealed how important basic activities are for early retirement. This new finding is a gain for the literature and will provide new insights intervention studies. Those who had difficulty in instrumental activities and mobility retired early more often, but this wasn't statistically significant. Our findings will contribute to increasing workplace protective approaches, and maintaining a healthy working force for years.

Investigating the effect of verapamil on preservation of beta-cell function in adults with newly diagnosed type 1 diabetes mellitus (Ver-A-T1D): protocol for a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group, multicentre trial

IntroductionType 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is a disorder that arises following the selective autoimmune destruction of the insulin-producing beta cells. Beta-cell protective or beta-cell regenerative approaches have gained wider attention,...

Self protective health care in childhood cancer survivors from the perspective of survivors, parents, and professionals: a qualitative study

IntroductionChildhood cancer survivors experience many health problems that they must protect themselves from their destructive physical and psychological effects. Understanding experiences of children about self-protective care will help health care providers manage long-term care plans. Therefore, this study was conducted with the aim of exploring self-protection care in childhood cancer survivors.MethodsThis is a phenomenological study that was conducted in the clinics and cancer care centers of Urmia and Khoy in Iran. 27 participants were selected by purposive sampling until data saturation. The data was collected using a semi-structured and in-depth face to face interview. Content analysis approach used for data analysis and MAXQUDA 10 software used for data management.ResultsData analysis led to the emergence of “self-protection health care” as a main category, two categories “maintaining physical health” and “keeping a strong mindset” and 9 sub-categories including “abstain activities that may cause harm”, “refusing contact with others for possible infection”, “monitoring symptoms and side-effects of cancer coming back”, “avoiding unhealthy diet”, “knowing about cancer from similar others”, “keep away negative thoughts and emotions”, “drawing on spiritual resources”, “creating a bridge to life again” and “being healthy for the sake of one’s family”.ConclusionAccording to the results of this study, self-protection is one of the most important cares for childhood cancer survivors. Over time, the influence of the clinical team and parents on children’s health care diminishes. Therefore, they should promote their health and well-being behaviors and use a variety of protective approaches to self-care.

Leveraging AI to Improve Task-specific Biomechanical Safety Instructions

The quality of safety procedures in generative AI-enhanced work instructions was empirically assessed against established work instruction authoring criteria. Three operational tasks from manufacturing, baggage handling, and spaceflight operations were selected. The generative AI was then provided with a set of 75 biomechanical safety requirements common for these settings and prompted to produce work instructions which provided safety requirements and recommendations for each step. Four expert evaluators then rated the improved work instructions against common criteria for their adherence to safety standards, clarity, and practical applicability. Results show that generative AI can significantly improve safety procedures in work instruction by identifying potential hazards and recommending protective equipment or other mitigation approaches. However, the quality of these safety procedures can still be improved significantly.

THE EFFECT OF TRUNK STABILITY TRAINING ON UPPER EXTREMITY ENDURANCE, STABILITY AND SHOULDER JOINT PROPRIOCEPTION IN POSTMENOPAUSAL WOMEN

Purpose: The incidence of shoulder pathologies is increasing in postmenopausal women. In this period, there is a need for protective approaches to be applied to prevent shoulder injuries. The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of clinical pilates exercises on upper extremity stability, endurance, function and shoulder joint proprioception in postmenopausal women. Methods: 30 postmenopausal women between the ages of 40-60 were included in our study. Participants were given clinical pilates training for 6 weeks, 3 days a week, 60 minutes by a physiotherapist. Before and after pilates training, dynamic stability of the shoulder was evaluated with Closed Kinetic Chain Upper Extremity Stability Test (CKCUES Test) and Upper Quarter Y Balance Test (UQYBT). Upper extremity muscle endurance was evaluated with the modified push up test. Laser Pointer-Assisted Angle Reproduction Test (LP-ART) was used to evaluate shoulder joint position sense. Results: A statistically significant difference was found in CKCUES Test (p=0.000, r=0.594), UQYBT (p=0.000, r=0.537), modified push up (p=0.000, r=0.594), LP-ART abduction (p=0.000, r= 0.491) and LP-ART flexion (p=0.000, r=0.484) at end of the training compared to the pre-training. The exercise program was found to be highly effective on all parameters. Conclusion: It was concluded that clinical pilates training applied in postmenopausal women increased the dynamic stability of the shoulder, endurance and position sense. Trunk stabilization exercises may be beneficial as a preventive approach in the prevention of shoulder pathologies in postmenopausal women.

P-266 Profiling redox effects induced by micro-nanoplastics in the female reproductive system: insights from human granulosa cells

Abstract Study question Are nano-microplastics (NMPs) taken up into human granulosa cells causing redox alterations? Summary answer NMPs enter into human granulosa cells and influence viability, energy production and antioxidant response. What is known already In recent decades, anthropogenic activities have increased the production of global plastic with millions of tons produced every year. Under the action of different physical, chemical or biological agents, plastic waste breaks down into (NMP) particles that propagate in the environment posing threats for human health. NMPs translocate from digestive tract to circulatory systems reaching organs and cells, including female gonads. Nevertheless, there is insufficient knowledge of their effects on reproductive functions in mammals to allow for an accurate risk assessment to be conducted and any risks managed in animal and human being contexts. Study design, size, duration Human ovarian granulosa cells (KGN cell line) were exposed to NMPs of different sizes (40 nm, 70 nm, 100 nm, and 200 nm) at concentrations ranging from 5 to 1000 μg/ml for 24 h and then processed for cellular and biochemical analyses Participants/materials, setting, methods NMPs uptake by granulosa cells was tested by the employment of fluorescent NMPs and observation under confocal laser scanning microscopy. Cell viability was assed by Cell Counting Kit8. The effects of NMPs on mitochondrial bioenergetics was evaluated by MitoStress kit (Seahorse Xfe96, Agilent). ATP production was evaluated by Cell Titer-Glo ATP assay kit (Promega). Key enzymes of antioxidant response were analysed at transcript and protein level by using real-time Taqman PCR and Western blotting, respectively. Main results and the role of chance We demonstrated that NMPs are taken up by granulosa cells at all tested concentrions along with significant decrease of cell vitality with all sizes and concentrations. Seahorse analysis revealed an altered bioenergetic profiles. ATP levels increase at 70, 100 and 200 nm (one way ANOVA p = 0.001) at all tested concentrations (one way ANOVA p < 0.001). The gene and protein expression of catalase (CAT) superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) and superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2) increased at 5 and 100 µg/ml with all sizes except 100 nm, whereas the level of sirtuins (SIRT1 and SIRT3) transcripts and protein decreased. Reduced levels of phosphorylated NRF2, the transcription factor that activates antioxidant responsive elements (ARE)-mediated gene expression were observed. Limitations, reasons for caution The use of human cell lines requires careful consideration when transferring to human testing. Wider implications of the findings Our results contribute to understanding the effects of NMPs on mammalian fertility in order to find possible protective approaches. Considering that the level of susceptibility of mammalian female germ cells to NMPs is still unknown, present results contribute to evidence-based strategies allowing living and working in a health promoting environment. Trial registration number Effects of combined exposure to nano/microplastics and plastic additives on mammalian female fertility (CUP E53D2301100006)

Dense Amorphous Passivation Layer Formed on Aluminum Alloy Surfaces by Femtosecond Laser-Assisted Oxygen-Rich Doping.

Aluminum (Al) alloy surfaces are prone to serious corrosion in humid and salt-laden environments, which promotes the development of numerous protective approaches. Although the amorphous state is more conducive to improve corrosion resistance compared with the crystalline state, it still faces coating design problems like insufficient adhesive strength and flaking-off tendency. Here, we propose a strategy of femtosecond laser-assisted oxygen-rich doping to in situ create a dense high-quality passivation layer on Al alloy surfaces. With respect to the femtosecond laser processing in traditional air ambience, the material surface modifications within the oxygen-rich environment demonstrate some distinctiveness. For the ridge area of the laser ablation grooves, the oxidation surface is separated into two layers: the outer region presents a loose and porous appearance similar to the observations in the air ambience, while the inner region exhibits complete and homogeneous oxidation, especially associated with the continuous distribution of the amorphous substance, in sharp contrast to the nanoscale discrete amorphous formation in the air case. Simultaneously, the high degree of material oxidization with the amorphous phase is also developed on the wallside area of the groove valleys, which is much different from the incomplete oxidation in the air ambience. As a result, the measured corrosion current decreases by 49 times to a value of Icorr = 1.19 × 10-10 A/cm2 relative to the laser treatment in the air environment. Such a method offers the prospect for elevating the anticorrosion performance of metal surfaces.

Evaluation of The Relationship of Circular RNA With Suicide Behavior In Patients Diagnosed With Schizophrenia and Other Psychotic Disorder

IntroductionSchizophrenia is a major mental disorder with a high risk of suicide, which is one of the leading causes of early death in schizophrenia patients. It is known that suicidal behavior is 20-50 times higher in schizophrenia patients compared to the general population. Clinical features makes it difficult to determine the risk of suicide in this patient group. Since genetic studies on suicides of patients with schizophrenia are limited, this area was deemed worthy of research.ObjectivesCircRNAs can potentially serve as minimally invasive biomarkers because they can freely cross the blood-brain barrier. It is aimed to define the effect of circRNA molecules on suicidal behavior in patients diagnosed with schizophrenia and other schizophrenia spectrum psychotic disorders, and to increase protective and preventive approaches by predicting possible consequences of suicidal behavior.Methods104 patients followed up with the diagnosis of schizophrenia and and other schizophrenia spectrum psychotic disorders were included in the study. RNA was isolated from the blood taken into a hemogram tube, and three cirRNA molecules were identified using a number of RNA sequencing techniques. In addition, sociodemographic characteristics of the participants, clinical features of the disease, suicidal behavior history, current treatment status were questioned in detail. Simultaneously, the current clinical status was evaluated with clinical evaluation scales as Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS), Calgary depression scale for schizophrenia (CDSS), Suicide Probability Scale (SPS), Beck Suicidal Intend Scale (BSIS).ResultsThree circRNA molecules were identified, chr3_196488683, chr5_69175537 and hsa_circ_0084021. No significant difference was found between these molecules and past suicide attempts. It was found that chr5_69175537 was negatively associated with the age of onset of psychotic disorder negative symptoms, and hsa_circ_0084021 was negatively associated with the age of onset of both negative and positive symptoms. When the relationship between the clinical assessment scales and suicidal behavior was evaluated, the PANSS general symptoms subscale score was significantly higher in the group with suicidal behavior (p<0.05). CDSS mean scores and BSIS scores were also found to be significantly higher in the group with previous suicide attempts (p<0.01).ConclusionsAlthough our findings do not allow definitive conclusions due to the complex interaction between epidemiological and clinical factors and limited literature, it has shown that schizophrenia contains many risks that increase suicidal behavior. To predict suicide, circRNA molecules need to be supported by prospective studies with large sample groups and comparison with control groups.Disclosure of InterestNone Declared

Legal Transformation in the Digital Age: A Comparative Study of the Impact of New Regulations in the Digital Economy

<p class="TableParagraph"><em>The research aim is to analyze the impact of new regulations in the digital economy through a comparative study. This research uses the content analysis method to understand how these regulations affect legal structures and business practices. The digital age has brought significant changes to the global economy, triggering the need for regulations that can support innovation while protecting the rights of users. New regulations in the digital economy often relate to data privacy, cybersecurity and intellectual property rights. Through content analysis, this research evaluates how different countries are responding to these challenges through their legal frameworks. The research is also grounded in natural law theory, coined by Hugo Grotius, who argued that laws should reflect universal and unchanging moral principles. The results show that new regulations in the digital economy have a significant impact on legal protection for consumers. This protection effort is carried out through preventive, repressive, protective, solution, and alternative approaches. Dispute resolution through both litigation and non-litigation channels shows that legal protection can be guaranteed by the existence of regulations governing electronic commerce, especially on e-commerce platforms. By applying these principles, this research aims to provide recommendations for the establishment of regulations that are not only effective but also fair and sustainable.</em></p><p class="TableParagraph"><em> </em></p>

A systematic review of school refusal

Considering the problems associated with school attendance, school refusal is an adjustment problem that tends to become increasingly prevalent. The present study identifies the patterns reported in the literature on school refusal and outlines the structure and sub-components of school refusal. Therefore, the systematic review method was selected as the research method for this study. The data sources of this study consist of 40 research articles that fell within the purview of WoS and were either included or excluded according to predetermined inclusion and exclusion criteria. Using MAXQDA 2020, both content and descriptive analyses were conducted in synthesizing the data sources. As a result of the analysis, the study year, method, data collection tool, data collection procedure, data analysis, and sample were examined as descriptive characteristics. Analyzing the content characteristics, five themes were identified: risk factors for school refusal, school refusal symptoms, school refusal protective factors, approaches, and techniques for intervention in school refusal, and consequences of school refusal. The findings are provided by discussing the related literature.

Approaches to Tribal Development Models in India: Its Implications and Prospects

Tribal development models in India have evolved in response to the changing socio-economic, cultural, and political landscapes. This paper provides an overview of the various approaches employed to address the developmental needs of tribal communities and their implications. The study examines isolationist, assimilation, welfare, protective, integrated, empowerment, and inclusive growth approaches, analyzing their strengths and limitations. Drawing from historical context and contemporary perspectives, the paper discusses the implications of these approaches on tribal identity, cultural preservation, livelihoods, and social empowerment. Moreover, it highlights the prospects for more holistic and participatory models that recognize the unique needs of tribal populations while fostering sustainable development and preserving their heritage. By exploring the multifaceted nature of tribal development, this study contributes to a nuanced understanding of the challenges and opportunities in fostering the well-being of indigenous communities in India.

Effect of Childhood Trauma on Substance Users’ Attitudes of Coping with Stress

Objective: This study seeks to examine the effects of childhood traumas on substance users’ attitudes of coping with stress.
 Method: This descriptive study seeking relationship was conducted with 133 individuals diagnosed with substance use and receiving treatment in the alcohol and substance treatment centre and closed psychiatry clinics of a mental health hospital located in Turkey.
 Results: The mean age of first substance use of the participants included in the study was 17.8 ± 4.7. The participants got the highest score from the emotional neglect subscale of the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (12.83 ± 3.46). Individuals in the study got the highest score from the religious coping subscale of the Coping Orientation to Problems Experienced Inventory (13.39 ± 2.71). Childhood traumatic experiences were found to be effective in the development of coping attitudes including denial, behavioural disengagement, use of emotional social support, substance use, and acceptance. 
 Conclusion: Childhood traumatic experiences of substance users have an effect on their dysfunctional coping attitudes. It is recommended that psychiatric nurses include primary, secondary, and tertiary protective approaches towards childhood traumas in their work on combating addiction.

Extraction, phytochemical characterization, and antifungal activity of Salvia rosmarinus extract

Abstract In the current study, we used high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) to investigate and analyze the methanolic extract of Salvia rosmarinus leaves. HPLC analysis showed that the extract revealed a diverse array of polyphenolic compounds, including apigenin, catechin, chlorogenic acid, cinnamic acid, caffeic acid, coumaric acid, daidzein, ellagic acid, ferulic acid, gallic acid, hesperetin, kaempferol, methyl gallate, naringenin, pyrocatechol, quercetin, rutin, syringic acid, and vanillin. Furthermore, three fungal isolates from symptomatic strawberry plants were obtained and identified as Botrytis cinerea (OR116486), Fusarium oxysporum (OR116505), and Rhizoctonia solani (OR116525). The extract’s antifungal activity was evaluated at concentrations of 0, 50, 150, 200, and 300 µg/mL. At 200 µg/mL, the extract showed growth inhibition percentages of 74.56, 58.19, and 56.67% for R. solani, F. oxysporum, and B. cinerea, respectively, while at 300 µg/mL, all the tested fungi were completely suppressed. The GC–MS analysis revealed that the major compounds of the methanolic extract identified based on their retention times and relative peak areas (%) included β-caryophyllene (12.06%), germacrene d (13.55%), caryophyllene oxide (3.13%), methyl palmitate (5.26%), hexadecanoic acid (4.9%), and methyl stearate (6.02%). These results show rosemary extract’s potential as a source of natural antifungal agents against plant photogenic fungi. As a result, it provides a safer alternative to the current protective approaches for plant disease management.

Between Fancy and Functionality: Comparative Thermal Performance Analyses of Selected External Building Shading Elements in Tropical Building Design

Tropical region is characterized by high temperature, arising from high solar radiation. Incoming near-infrared energy emanating from excessive direct sunlight leads to increase in the indoor temperature with its attendant indoor thermal discomfort. Thus, there is the need for protection of the interior from this excessive direct heating. One of such protective approaches is the introduction of exterior shading elements to block the incoming solar energy. To achieve this in a typical tropical city of Ogbomoso, Nigeria, several forms of exterior window shading elements are adopted predominantly based on individual preferences, fancies, etc., without scientific consideration for their effectiveness. This study therefore investigated performance effectiveness of each type, with a view to identifying the most effective shading element in the study area. The study adopted the use of multiple/iterative building performance simulation tool, DesignBuilder for evaluating indoor thermal performance of a typical three-bedroom residential building, with regard to four predominantly adopted fixed external shading elements in the study area. Virtual models of five variants of the building were subjected to energy performance simulation analysis, using weather data for Ogbomoso. While the first building tagged Building I was modelled without any shading element, to serve as the control building, the remaining four tagged Building II, Building III, Building IV and Building V were modelled with overhangs, side-fins, hybrids and louvres shading system respectively. Building V recorded highest reduction (56.55%) in the indoor solar gains. This was followed in the order of Building IV (23.90%), Building II (16.00%), and Building III (7.63%). Thus, effectiveness of external louvres system as an external shading device over side-fins and overhangs in the study area could be established. This research is necessary to minimize additional active energy required to reduce the indoor thermal discomfort arising from solar gains (through reduced annual space cooling loads). This will increase building energy efficiency and reduce carbon emissions for overall clean and safe global environment

Mitochondria and Brain Disease: A Comprehensive Review of Pathological Mechanisms and Therapeutic Opportunities.

Mitochondria play a vital role in maintaining cellular energy homeostasis, regulating apoptosis, and controlling redox signaling. Dysfunction of mitochondria has been implicated in the pathogenesis of various brain diseases, including neurodegenerative disorders, stroke, and psychiatric illnesses. This review paper provides a comprehensive overview of the intricate relationship between mitochondria and brain disease, focusing on the underlying pathological mechanisms and exploring potential therapeutic opportunities. The review covers key topics such as mitochondrial DNA mutations, impaired oxidative phosphorylation, mitochondrial dynamics, calcium dysregulation, and reactive oxygen species generation in the context of brain disease. Additionally, it discusses emerging strategies targeting mitochondrial dysfunction, including mitochondrial protective agents, metabolic modulators, and gene therapy approaches. By critically analysing the existing literature and recent advancements, this review aims to enhance our understanding of the multifaceted role of mitochondria in brain disease and shed light on novel therapeutic interventions.

Hepatic Ischemia-reperfusion Injury: Protective Approaches and Treatment.

Ischemia and reperfusion damage to the liver is one of the major causes of hepatic dysfunction and liver failure after a liver transplant. The start of hepatic ischemia-reperfusion damage is linked to metabolic acidosis, Kupffer cells, neutrophils, excessive calcium, and changes in the permeability of the mitochondrial membrane. Hypoxia activates Kupffer cells, resulting in the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). These ROS when accumulated, causes apoptosis and necrosis, as well as activate immune and inflammatory responses that involve many cells and signalling molecules. Numerous antioxidant compounds have been researched to lessen oxidative stress and thus serve as potential compounds to deal the ischemia-reperfusion damage. This article confers a deep understanding of the protective effects of some effective therapies, including hepatoprotective agents, attenuation of an increase in xanthine oxidase activity, and administration of antioxidants like N-acetylcysteine, superoxide dismutase (SOD), and ornithine.

Pyschological traumatic perinatal experiences during the Covid-19 pandemic, epigenetic hypothesis and protective suggestions

AbstractWhether Covid-19 will continue with different viral mutations it will last is not yet known. For this reason, correct management of the process becomes important in order to ensure that future generations are least affected by this experience. This literature review aims to discuss hypotheses for the epigenetic effect of perinatal experiences affecting mental health during the Covid-19 pandemic and protective intervention recommendations. A comprehensive understanding of epigenetic mechanisms can allow early risk detection and directed prevention and intervention strategies. There is a need for epigenetic studies that monitor the short- and long-term effects in women/infants going through the perinatal period during the Covid-19 pandemic. Epigenetic studies are costly and take a long time. At this time where the pandemic is still ongoing, it is predicted that the negative effects will be reduced by predicting epigenetic effects and taking protective approaches in line with the results obtained from previous studies. These will be possible with the collective work of multidisciplinary team members. Mental health care professionals should receive training on epigenetics in the perinatal period and should be able to integrate it into counseling processes.

Combinatorial islet protective therapeutic approaches in β-cell transplantation: Rationally designed solutions using a target product profile.

While progress has been made in the development of islet cell transplantation (ICT) as a viable alternative to the use of exogenous insulin therapy in the treatment of type 1 diabetes, it has not yet achieved its full potential in clinical studies. Ideally, ICT would enable lifelong maintenance of euglycemia without the need for exogenous insulin, blood glucose monitoring or systemic immune suppression. To achieve such an optimal result, therapeutic approaches should simultaneously promote long-term islet viability, functionality, and localized immune protection. In practice, however, these factors are typically tackled individually. Furthermore, while the requirements of optimal ICT are implicitly acknowledged across numerous publications, the literature contains few comprehensive articulations of the target product profile (TPP) for an optimal ICT product, including key characteristics of safety and efficacy. This review aims to provide a novel TPP for ICT and presents promising tried and untried combinatorial approaches that could be used to achieve the target product profile. We also highlight regulatory barriers to the development and adoption of ICT, particularly in the United States, where ICT is only approved for use in academic clinical trials and is not reimbursed by insurance carriers. Overall, this review argues that the clear definition of a TPP in addition to the use of combinatorial approaches could help to overcome the clinical barriers to the widespread adoption of ICT for the treatment of type 1 diabetes.

The 17th expert consensus document of the European Bifurcation Club - techniquesto preserve access to the side branch during stepwise provisional stenting.

Provisional stenting has become the default technique for the treatment of most coronary bifurcation lesions. However, the side branch (SB) can become compromised after main vessel (MV) stenting and restoring SB patency can be difficult in challenging anatomies. Angiographic and intracoronary imaging criteria can predict the risk of side branch closure and may encourage use of side branch protection strategies. These protective approaches provide strategies to avoid SB closure or overcome compromise following MV stenting, minimising periprocedural injury. In this article, we analyse the strategies of SB preservation discussed and developed during the most recent European Bifurcation Club (EBC) meetings.