Protection Requirements Research Articles

Surface Subsidence Prediction Method for Backfill Mining in Shallow Coal Seams with Hard Roofs for Building Protection

The mining of shallow coal seams with hard roofs poses a threat to surface structures. In order to ensure the protection of these buildings, backfill mining is increasingly used in these types of coal seams. However, due to the lack of appropriate surface subsidence prediction methods, there are concerns about whether backfill mining can meet the requirements of building protection. In this study, through numerical simulation and physical experiments, the movement characteristics of the strata and surface were studied in the backfill mining of a shallow coal seam with a hard roof. Our results indicate that the backfilling ratio significantly influences strata movement and surface subsidence. As the backfilling ratio increases, the surface deformation in the backfill under the hard roof of the shallow coal seam transitions from discontinuous to continuous. When the backfilling ratio exceeds 60%, the deformation characteristics of the overburden and surface align with the probability integral method model. Consequently, a novel surface subsidence prediction method for backfill mining in shallow coal seams under hard roofs is proposed. This method was successfully applied at Yungang Mine, validating its effectiveness. These research findings have significant practical implications for the design of backfill mining in shallow coal seams under hard roofs.

Research and Construction of Government Data Security System Based on Hierarchical Protection

This article, starting from the background and requirements of government data security system construction, based on the data security protection requirements of the Hierarchical Protection 2.0 series standards (referred to as " Hierarchical Protection 2.0"), delves into the construction approach of the data security system. It elaborates on the construction plan of the government data security system and data security protection strategies, with a focus on aspects like organizational structure, classification and grading, lifecycle, and technical system. This aims to meet the confidentiality, availability, and integrity requirements of data and provide robust support for data security protection in information systems within the field of electronic government.

Federated recommender systems based on deep learning: The experimental comparisons of deep learning algorithms and federated learning aggregation strategies

Due to the requirements of privacy protection and data asset ownership, recommender systems (RSs) based on centralized training process may be infeasible in some practical situations. In these situations, federated recommender systems (FedRec) based on deep learning are regarded as the substitutes with extensive application backgrounds and enormous potential business values. However, which deep learning algorithm and federated learning aggregation strategy perform best in the training of FedRec is still an unsolved question. To answer this question, experiments are conducted for comparing the performances of four popular deep learning algorithms and three federated learning aggregation strategies in FedRec. The experiments are conducted on 8 public datasets to obtain 96 FedRec precisions (4 deep learning algorithms × 3 federated learning aggregation strategies × 8 datasets). Then, the Wilcoxon test is used to verify whether there is a significant difference between the FedRec combinations and to derive the best combination. The result shows that, in terms of recommendation precision, the best FedRec is the combination of neural FM and federated averaging. In terms of execution iterations, the best FedRec is the combination of deep crossing and attentive federated aggregation. The obtained results would be valuable for further promoting the development of RSs under the situations that a centralized training process is infeasible.

A Study on Data Protection in Cloud Environment

Data protection in the online environment pertains to the safeguarding of sensitive or important data kept, analyzed, or sent in cloud-based systems. It entails assuring data confidentiality, integrity, and availability, as well as adhering to appropriate data protection requirements. In a nutshell, cloud data protection seeks to protect data against unauthorized access, deletion, or breaches while retaining its accuracy and accessible to authorized users. This is accomplished in the cloud environment using various security measures, encryption approaches, access controls, disaster recovery and backup processes, and constant monitoring and threat detection. The research significance of data protection in the cloud environment can be summarized as follows: Security and Privacy: Research in data protection in the cloud helps address the security and privacy concerns associated with storing and processing sensitive data in cloud-based systems. It explores and develops advanced security mechanisms, encryption techniques, and access controls to protect data from unauthorized access, data breaches, and privacy violations. Trust and Confidence: Research in data protection contributes to building trust and confidence in cloud computing. By developing robust security solutions and demonstrating their effectiveness, research helps alleviate concerns about data security and privacy, fostering greater adoption of cloud services by organizations and individuals. Compliance and Regulations: Cloud computing often involves compliance with data protection regulations and industry standards. Research in this area explores the legal and regulatory aspects of data protection in the cloud and helps organizations understand and comply with relevant requirements. Data Resilience and Recovery: Research in data protection focuses on ensuring data resilience and developing efficient data recovery mechanisms in the cloud. It explores backup and disaster recovery strategies, data replication techniques, and data loss prevention methods to minimize downtime, recover data promptly, and maintain business continuity in the event of system failures or disasters. By addressing these research areas, studies on data protection in the cloud environment contribute to enhancing security, privacy, compliance, and resilience in cloud computing. They provide valuable insights, practical solutions, and guidelines for organizations and service providers to protect data effectively and maintain the trust of users in cloud-based services. The weighted product method approach is commonly used to choose the best data protection in cloud environment. CCSS1, CCSS2, CCSS3, CCSS4, CCSS5 data visibility, data integrity, Maintains compliance, Data security, Data storage. From the result it is seen that CCSS2 got highest rank whereas CCSS5 got lowest rank According to the results, CCSS2 was ranked first.

Landscape planning as a tool for preserving the landscape values of the Dinara Nature Park

Abstract Dinara Mountain massif is recognized as an area of exceptional value, which led to its recent protection as a nature park, the second largest one in Croatia. The protected area includes the territory of two counties with four cities and nine municipalities, five of which are included with over 50% of the territory. The paper explains how landscape planning methods establish potential spatial conflicts and propose a compromise between landscape conservation and spatial development. The basic method was the identification and analysis of the landscape value models in 3 categories: natural, visual-experiential, and cultural-historical values. The creation of the models is preceded by a detailed analysis of all environmental components and the collection and creation of spatial data with the help of GIS tools. By overlapping the basic models, a cumulative model of the overall landscape values of the space is produced, which clearly shows which parts of the landscape have a higher value, regarding the protection requirements. The final value model is overlapped with the planned interventions and a clear overview of the vulnerability and possible conflict zones in the area is obtained. The paper describes the impact of individual interventions on the landscape qualities that need to be preserved and suggests guidelines for spatial plan corrections for the purpose of minimal impact on existing values, thus helping to prevent unwanted changes.

Legal Position Artificial Intelligence Art Generator in Copyright Law

Artificial Intelligence (AI) art generators are disrupting the meaning of creating an artwork that has long been known. The AI art generator has features that make it easy for users to create images, simply by entering text descriptions, then the AI will produce the desired image. This creation process then raises questions about the legal position of AI on copyright contained in the image. This study discusses the legal position of AI in intellectual property law by dividing it into two options: First, how is the prospect of recognizing AI as a legal subject of copyright law, and secondly how existing law can accommodate AI as an object of copyright law. The study found that there are opportunities for AI to be recognized as a copyright subject by equating its position as a legal entity. Another alternative option is to view AI as an object of copyright only, with the note that there needs to be proof regarding originality as a requirement for copyright protection.

Inter-Core Crosstalk-Aware Backup Network Design Model against Probabilistic Link Failures in Multi-Core Fiber Optical Path Network

Multi-core fiber (MCF) is one of the promising space-division multiplexing technologies to increase the capacity of optical networks. MCF-based networks have two challenges. One is the inter-core crosstalk (XT) that degrades the quality of optical signals in two neighboring fiber cores. The other is network protection against link failures that cause massive data loss. One way to protect against multiple link failures is to prepare physically separated links as a backup network. Probabilistic protection improves the efficiency of protection by allowing a certain probability of protection failure. Existing studies on backup network design with probabilistic protection do not target MCF-based networks, which raises problems such as protection failure due to the inter-core XT and excessive consumption of optical resources. To address these problems, this paper proposes a XT-aware backup network design model for the MCF optical path networks. The proposed model protects the network against probabilistic multiple link failures. We adopt probabilistic protection that allows a certain probability of protection failure due to the inter-core XT and minimizes the required number of links in the backup network. We present an algorithm to satisfy the probabilistic protection requirement and formulate the model as an integer linear programming problem. We develop a heuristic approach to apply the proposed model to larger networks. Numerical results observe that the proposed model requires fewer links than the dedicated allocation model, which provisions the backup paths in the same manner as the primary paths.

Criminalization of failure to comply with personal data protection requirements

Subject of research: personal data as the subject of a socially dangerous act.
 Purpose of research: to justify the need to include in the Criminal Code of Russia (hereinafter referred to as the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation) a rule on liability for failure to comply with requirements for the protection of personal data.
 Methods and objects of research: in the preparation of this work, inductive and deductive methods of formal logic, the dialectical method of cognition, and the method of comparative analysis were used, incl. content analysis of current sources of Russian and foreign law, as well as a method of expert assessments on issues of the public danger of illegal acts in the field of circulation of personal data.
 Main results of research: it has been proven that the digital transformation of the economy has a significant impact on all relationships in modern society. Therefore, the value of information about a person increases significantly. It becomes a means for using various services, incl. ensuring the exchange of material and other values. Taking into account this circumstance, the protection of personal data must be ensured not only by civil and administrative, but also by criminal legislation. This requires the introduction of criminal liability for failure to comply with requirements for the protection of personal data.

Mechanical Properties and Cushioning Effectiveness of FPUF-EPS Combination Materials.

Based on flexible polyurethane foam (FPUF), which is reversible after compression, and expanded polystyrene foam (EPS), which has a high cushioning energy absorption capacity, the parallel and series combinations of FPUF and EPS are provided. According to experimental data of FPUF and EPS uniaxial compression large deformation, the mechanical properties and cushioning effectiveness of the FPUF-EPS combination materials with different structural scale parameters were investigated by theory analysis and finite element simulation. The mechanical response and the cushioning effectiveness influencing factors of FPUF-EPS parallel (FE-P) and FPUF-EPS series (FE-S) combination materials under single compressive load, single-impact load, and multiple compressive loads were obtained. The differences in mechanical properties and cushioning effectiveness of FE-P, FE-S, FPUF, and EPS are analyzed. The influence law of structural scale parameters and load strength on the mechanical properties and cushioning effectiveness of FE-P and FE-S is provided. It indicates that the cushion properties of combination materials should be adjusted to satisfy product protection requirements. It is beneficial for the design optimization of cushioning and packaging protection.

Application of Acoustic-solid Coupling Theory in New Energy Vehicle Noise Control

The development of new energy vehicles has attracted much attention due to the strong promotion and popularisation of the concept of low carbon and environmental protection, and the increasing demand for environmental protection in cars. Although these vehicles meet people’s requirements for resource and environmental protection, the noise generated during the driving process affects the comfort of the vehicle occupants and the concentration of the vehicle driver. To address this problem, the research proposes to improve the noise control technology of new energy vehicles based on acoustic-solid coupling theory and to test the practical application effect of this technology. The test results show that the maximum acceleration of vibration at the roof, floor, axle head, and spring of the new energy vehicle are 1.48 m/s2, 1.02 m/s2, 0.079 m/s2, and 0.020 m/s2 respectively, which are lower than the maximum acceleration before the use of this technology. The maximum sound pressure at the windscreen and side window glass of the new energy vehicle is 80 dB(A) and 73 dB(A) after the use of this technology. The maximum sound pressure at the driver’s ear was 62 dB(A) and 77 dB(A) when the vehicle was driven on different road surfaces, which were lower than the sound pressure values before use. In summary, the research proposes to improve the noise control technology of new energy vehicles based on the sound-solid coupling theory, which can have the effect of reducing the noise value generated by new energy vehicles and improving the comfort of users.

The Incentive Effect of Government Subsidies on the Development of Corporate Performance of New Energy Vehicle Enterprises

In the case of economic and trade globalisation, from the point of view of the economic development of each country, the government is involved in the intervention between various industries, the current transition economic period, new energy vehicles as a future development trend, not only to meet the national requirements for innovation and green environmental protection, in the economic aspects of the same by the government's strong support. Subsidies are regarded as an important economic intervention tool that can solve many problems of market failure [1]. But for the size of the government subsidy amount can significantly affect the performance of enterprises? Based on the panel data of China's new energy vehicle (NEV) enterprises from 2018 - 2021, this paper investigates the impact of government subsidies on enterprise performance. It is found that the performance of enterprises and the amount of government subsidies are positively correlated; the impact of government subsidies on the solvency and operating capacity of enterprise performance is small; and the profitability of enterprises is greatly and significantly affected by the amount of subsidies.

Optimizing Output Power Density in Lead-Free Energy-Harvesting Piezoceramics with an Entropy-Increasing Polymorphic Phase Transition Structure.

It is an urgent need to develop lead-free piezoelectric energy harvesters (PEHs) to address the energy dilemma and meet environmental protection requirements. However, the low output power densities limit further promotion of lead-free PEHs for use in daily life. Here, an entropy-increasing strategy is proposed to achieve an increased output power density of 819 μW/cm3 in lead-free potassium sodium niobate (KNN)-based piezoceramics by increasing the configuration entropy and realizing nearly two times the growth compared with low-entropy counterparts. Evolution of the energy-harvesting performance with increasing configuration entropy is demonstrated systematically, and the excellent energy-harvesting properties achieved are attributed to the enhanced lattice distortion, the flexible polarization configuration, and the high-density randomly distributed nanodomains with the entropy-increasing effect. Moreover, excellent vibration fatigue resistance and variable temperature output power characteristics were also realized in the PEH prepared by the proposed entropy-increasing material. The significant enhancement of the comprehensive energy-harvesting performance demonstrates that the construction of KNN-based ceramics with high configuration entropy represents an effective and convenient strategy to enable design of high-performance piezoceramics and thus promotes the development of advanced PEHs.

REPOSITION OF THE UNIVERSAL DECLARATION OF HUMAN RIGHTS IN THE STATE LEGAL SYSTEM

The Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) is the foundational human rights declaration. The United Nations adopted it on December 10, 1948. The Universal Declaration of Human Rights is a global reference that establishes universal principles for achieving human rights. Although the Universal Declaration of Human Rights lacks official legal power, its fundamental concepts have become universal standards and are regarded as international law by many nations. Human rights have been codified in numerous international, national, provincial, and local/municipal legal texts. In this piece, the author employs a qualitative descriptive research methodology. It is said to be 'universal' because this right is stated to be a part of every human being's humanity, regardless of skin color, gender, culture, or religion; and it is said to be 'attached' because anyone possesses this right by virtue of his birth as a human being and not because of the grant of any authority institution. This privilege cannot be revoked by anyone because it is "attached." On the basis of the articles of all applicable Indonesian constitutions, it is possible to assert that the conceptualization of human rights in Indonesia has undergone a rigorous and protracted dialectical process. Incorporating human rights into the constitution demonstrates a commitment to upholding the law and human rights. In addition, different human rights provisions in the Indonesian constitution have been crafted to satisfy the needs and requirements for human rights protection in the personal, family, community, and national contexts.

Modular design of solar-powered photocathodic metal protection device

Metal corrosion leads to severe economic losses and safety hazards to human society. As an energy-efficient and sustainable anticorrosion technique, photocathodic protection (PCP) systems have received growing attention in the past two decades. However, the existing PCP devices barely meet the requirements of adequate metal protection in real-world scenarios. This perspective aims to provide some constructive insights into the rational design of PCP devices and propose “functional module integration” as a new concept for future PCP systems. Similarly to multi-layered solar cells, PCP systems may incorporate multiple modules based on the corresponding functions. These include photoabsorber module (PAM), electron transfer module (ETM), hole transfer module (HTM), hole consumption module (HCM), and electron storage module (ESM). With such a modular design, improved capture of sunlight and fast charge separation, directional transportation, and effective utilization of the photogenerated carriers might be attained. Consequently, the solar-to-electric energy conversion efficiency and operation consistency of PCP devices can be significantly boosted, paving the way for practical application of solar-powered metal protection technology.Graphical This perspective analyses the key issues of current photocathodic protection systems and proposes a unified design composed of functional modules for the next generation systems inspired by the architecture of solar cells. This modular design allows the breaking-down of all reaction steps of the solar-to-electric conversion process onto various modules, which may bring about breakthroughs for green cathodic metal protection.

Enhanced fatigue resistance of plasma modified pyrolysis carbon black filled natural rubber composites

Owning to the requirement of cost reduction and environmental protection, the application of pyrolysis carbon black (CBp) in dynamic rubber products becomes a hot topic in recent years. However, the fatigue resistance of CBp filled rubber composite is poor. Therefore, the evolution of micro- mesoscopic structure in modified CBp filled natural rubber (NR) composites during the tensile fatigue process is investigated to find the influencing factor for enhancing the fatigue resistance in this study. Results indicate that the particle/aggregate size distribution turns to be narrower after the aggregate size filtering treatment while a decreased particle/aggregate size and an improved polarity can be observed after argon plasma treatment. As a result, the average fatigue life of NR composites filled with CBp treated by air classifier, plasma modification and their combination are increased by 21%, 57% and 107%, respectively. It is found that the filler dispersion and the filler-polymer interaction deteriorate during the fatigue process. This evolution is inhibited by filler modification. Besides, the fatigue lives of filled rubber show a correspondence to their total and physical cross-linking densities as well as the bound rubber contents. The filler-polymer interaction can be proposed as an important factor in extending the fatigue life of rubber composites. These findings provide not only a promotion on the application value of CBp in fatigue resistance of rubber composite by different modification methods, but also an innovative perspective for exploring the fatigue resistance of rubber material from the aspects of filler-rubber interaction, and a scientific guidance for the development of long-life dynamic rubber products.

Experimental Evaluation of Authigenic Acid Suitable for Acidification of Deep Oil and Gas Reservoirs at High Temperatures

During the acid pressure conversion process in high-temperature, deep oil and gas reservoirs, a number of challenges are encountered that hinder the effectiveness of acid fracturing. These obstacles include significant corrosion of acidized pipe strings, rapid reaction rates of acid with rock, limited reach of acid liquids, and shallow penetration depth of active acids. Additionally, the transportation of highly corrosive acids presents safety risks, necessitating surface conditions that are free of acidity. However, underground conditions require strongly acidic liquids to meet enhanced ecological and environmental protection requirements. To address these limitations, experimental investigations have been conducted to examine the reaction rates of low-corrosive and low-acid rocks in alkaline systems involving halides and carbonyl compounds. Through meticulous assessments of reaction rates and dissociation effects in acid rocks, parameters have been successfully optimized to incorporate erythropoiesis and other compounding agents into acid-pressing designs. The experimental findings indicate that the concentration of released H⁺ ions after 60 min exceeded that of the conventional acid solution processed for 15 min. Enhanced dissolution was observed when erythropoietin content was increased to 20%. Furthermore, combining 10% acetic acid with 20% caustic acid resulted in a significant increase of 6.08% in the dissolution rate from 10 to 120 min, while exhibiting lower dissolution values compared with other types of acids. The development of naturally occurring acids with reduced rates of dissolution and acid–rock reaction holds significant potential for enhancing the efficacy of high-temperature, deep oil and gas reservoirs through acid fracturing stimulation.

The Criminal Law, the Intelligence and Security Act and the Protective Security Requirements

New Zealand was a pioneer in the codification of its criminal law. The Criminal Code Act was passed in 1893, after a lengthy gestation period. The work owed its origins to law reform activities in India, a tendency spread from India to other British jurisdictions, notably Canada and parts of Australia, but never England. The requirement that common law offences were no longer valid and criminal offences had to be clearly defined in statutes passed by Parliament became accepted orthodoxy here and never questioned. But it is possible, as this article argues, that New Zealand has forgotten the legal implications of its own history of codification. This article argues that s 78AA of the Crimes Act 1961, inserted by the Intelligence and Security Act 2017, is in breach of the codification principle. The vice of the provision is that the content of the Protective Security Requirements is dependent upon the actions of the executive and what it posts on the Internet, not upon law passed by Parliament. It is submitted that the present situation is poor legislative practice and leaves the state of the law in doubt. For security issues to be handled in this fashion is less than satisfactory in a free and open society. The article goes on to analyse the background of New Zealand's criminal law codification and outlines the extensive range of the modern law dealing with the intelligence agencies and how it has expanded in recent years. This history of the agencies is briefly canvassed, including controversial features that have arisen in the past. It concludes that remedial action is necessary and mentions work that is going on within the executive to bring about change. It concludes that issues of legality, human rights and the agencies deserve careful attention and require analysis of the risks to an open society from these developments.

Study on mechanical and thermal properties of alkali-excited fly ash aerogel foam concrete

With increasing focus on low-carbon energy conservation and environmental protection, there is a need to consider all aspects of life in future developments. To meet the concept and requirements of energy conservation and environmental protection in the building industry, we have developed alkali-excited aerogel-foamed concrete that exhibits excellent thermal insulation performance and mechanical strength. The variables involved in its production include fly ash, foam, aerogels, and polypropylene fibres. In this study, the microstructure and mechanical and thermal properties of alkali-excited fly ash aerogel foam concrete was analysed. The results indicated that fly ash can replace a portion of the cement, resulting in a reduction in the thermal conductivity of the concrete. The addition of aerogels and foams to the concrete can significantly decrease its thermal conductivity. Specifically, when the aerogel content reaches 12 % and the foam content reaches 75 %, the thermal conductivity of the concrete decreases from 0.498 W/m·K to 0.183 W/m·K and 0.19 W/m·K, respectively. However, this decrease in thermal conductivity comes at a cost of approximately 50 % reduction in the flexural and compressive strengths of the concrete. The findings reveal that the aerogel has excellent thermal insulation performance similar to that of the foam, but it has little influence on the mechanical properties of the concrete. Additionally, an increase in the polypropylene fibre content significantly improves the mechanical properties of alkali-excited fly ash aerogel concrete, but the thermal properties of the concrete remain mostly unaffected.

Study on vegetation restoration technology in ecologically sensitive area of power transmission and transformation project in Sichuan-Chongqing area

In the rapid development of urban construction, China's power transmission and transformation engineering construction scope is more and more wide, in order to better cope with the opportunities and challenges proposed by the development of The Times, the National Grid Co., Ltd. technical research team in the proposed a number of key technologies at the same time, mastered a lot of theoretical knowledge and practical experience, which for the new period of ecological environmental protection laid the foundation. Especially for the Sichuan-Chongqing area, the vegetation restoration technology must be considered in the construction management of power transmission and transformation projects during the construction of ecologically sensitive areas, only in this way can the construction requirements of safe production and green environmental protection be met. On the basis of understanding the construction management requirements of power transmission and transformation projects in Sichuan-Chongqing area, and according to the construction status of ecologically sensitive areas during the construction period, I mainly study the construction identification system and construction evaluation system of projects in ecologically sensitive areas, and propose effective vegetation restoration technology according to the requirements of construction sites, so as to ensure the normal operation of power transmission and transformation projects in Sichuan-Chongqing area.

Relay protection mirror operation technology based on digital twin

When conducting relay protection research, research costs can be significantly reduced if protection principle development, protection parameter verification and debugging can be carried out without relying on actual protection devices. The concept of ‘digital twin’ has made this possible, but the existing research has shortcomings in real-time data interaction ability, protection logic transparency, interface standardization, human–computer interaction etc., and consequently, mirror operation of relay protection in digital space has not been fully realized. Therefore, referring to the characteristics of digital twin, and combining with the practical application requirements in relay protection, this paper proposes the concept and characteristics of relay protection mirror operation based on digital twin. Key solutions are proposed to address the difficulties that may be encountered in the implementation of relay protection mirror operation in terms of protection principles, interfaces, real-time operation of the system, and human–computer interaction function simulation. Finally, an example of 110 kV double-bus and double-branch bus protection is used to verify the feasibility and progressiveness of the scheme proposed in this paper by comparing the action behavior and external characteristics of the twin protection and the actual protection device. The presented research can provide a reference for further in-depth research and application of relay protection using digital means.