Protection Of Traditional Villages Research Articles

The Spatial Characteristics of Traditional Villages and Their Heritage Protection based on Landscape Genes

The landscape genes are born from the genetic concept of biology and can play an active role in the internal mechanism and external expression of the spatial characteristics of traditional settlements. The landscape genes are the key elements to distinguish the characteristics of each type, and the emphasis on the causes of the evolution of material forms and spatial and temporal conditions can, to a certain extent, effectively help to study the regular characteristics of the traditional village landscape. Based on landscape genes, this paper studies the spatial characteristics of traditional villages and their inheritance and protection mechanisms, to construct a traditional village landscape genetic system and verify its scientificity by taking Huizhou traditional villages as an example. In order to provide some reference for the study of spatial characteristics of traditional villages and the inheritance and protection of traditional villages.

Spatial Distribution Characteristics and Driving Factors for Traditional Villages in Areas of China Based on GWR Modeling and Geodetector: A Case Study of the Awa Mountain Area

Traditional villages are human treasures left behind by the integration of material space and non-material culture in the process of agricultural civilization. Studying the spatial autocorrelation characteristics, heterogeneity, and quantitative attribution of the factors influencing traditional villages provides new ideas for the protection of traditional villages. This study took 75 traditional villages as the research object. From the perspective of spatial autocorrelation and spatial heterogeneity, the study used nuclear density estimation and Moran’s I index to analyze the spatial distribution patterns and selected 12 factors to construct the GWR modeling and geodetector to analyze the main driving forces and the interaction mechanism. The results showed that, firstly, the overall spatial layout of traditional villages in the Awa Mountain area had two cores, two sides, and a scattered distribution; the global Moran’s I was 0.774, and 55.6% of traditional villages showed a clustering phenomenon. Second, the spatial layout of traditional villages in the Awa Mountain area has been jointly promoted and mutually constrained by multiple factors in a dynamic and complex mechanism with obvious spatial heterogeneity. The natural factor is the basic factor, which determines the location and scale of development of villages; the spatial factor is the auxiliary factor; the social factor is the decisive factor, with a negative global correlation and a positive local correlation; the regional cultural factor is the key factor, and the regional factor and the social factor complement each other; and factors such as a backward economic level, restricted transportation, less external communication, and low population density play a protective role. Third, the main driving factor is the proportion of ethnic minorities (X10), and the explanatory power of q-value reaches 0.54; the proportion of ethnic minorities (X10) ∩ average annual precipitation (X4) has the strongest interactive driving force, which belongs to nonlinear enhancement, and the q-value is 0.93, which proves that the explanatory power of the two-factor model is much greater than the single-factor model from the system perspective.

Spatial Heterogeneity and Influence Factors of Traditional Villages in the Wuling Mountain Area, Hunan Province, China Based on Multiscale Geographically Weighted Regression

Traditional villages are the spatial carriers of the excellent traditional culture of the Chinese nation, the concentrated expression of thousands of years of farming civilization, and a nonrenewable precious cultural heritage. However, in recent decades, with the rapid development of urbanization and modernization, traditional villages have rapidly declined or even disappeared. Therefore, exploring the spatial distribution characteristics and influencing factors of traditional villages and clarifying their formation and development laws, can provide a new perspective for the continuity protection of traditional villages on a cross-regional scale. This study takes six batches of 462 traditional villages in the Wuling Mountains, Hunan, China as the research object. On the basis of the analysis of the spatial distribution characteristics of overall and different ethnic minority traditional villages, this research proposes the idea of simulating the spatial distribution mechanism of traditional villages by using the multiscale geographical weighted regression (MGWR) model. Results indicate that (1) the spatial distribution of the traditional villages of the overall and different ethnic minorities shows significant agglomeration characteristics (among them, traditional Miao and Tujia villages have formed the main and sub cores of the space gathering of traditional villages in the Wuling Mountains in Hunan); and (2) compared with the least squares (OLS) method and the classic geographical (GWR) weighted regression model, the MGWR model can reflect the impact scales of different factors, and the simulation effect is better. From the perspective of influence factors, natural factors are the basis of affecting the distribution of traditional villages in the Wuling Mountain area and are generally positively correlated. Socioeconomic factors have a dual influence on the spatial distribution of traditional villages and generally have a negative correlation. Cultural factors are the key to the spatial distribution of traditional villages and are generally positively correlated. Spatial factors have no significant impact on the spatial distribution of traditional villages. On the basis of these conclusions, this study discusses the relevant strategies for the protection and development of traditional villages.

Research on the Spatial Sequence of Building Facades in Huizhou Regional Traditional Villages

Under the influences of the regional environment, building communities within traditional villages exhibit regional styles and features. Based on the research team’s early studies, and given the protection and renewal practices of Huizhou traditional villages in Southern Anhui Province, China, this study investigated the spatial sequences of building facades and explicated the laws of these spatial sequences. This research involved a series of technical steps. First, in the case selection stage, typical traditional villages and spatial sequence paths were established. Second, in the data acquisition stage, 3D laser scanning technology was used to acquire building elevation data and conduct 3D modelling. Finally, the measurement indices were determined by vector analysis of the data. Factor analysis and cluster analysis were suitable for the reduction and classification of the above data in order to explore the constitution law of building units. Meanwhile, the regularity of the facade organization of building groups was further quantified by examining the combination and connection relationships between the building and spatial patterns. Then, the laws of facade organization of the building groups were explicated. The purpose of this study is not only to achieve accurate inheritance of historical data information, but also to explore the centralized contiguity mechanism behind the traditional villages through external features from the perspective of rescue. The results demonstrated that there are spatial sequences represented by building facades in Huizhou traditional villages. Moreover, internal laws of “largely identical but with minor differences” in the building unit composition and building group organization were identified. These findings: (1) provide a deeper understanding of the regional characteristics of Huizhou traditional villages in Southern Anhui Province, China; (2) offer a foundation for practical administration requirements; and (3) recognize a novel research perspective and a feasible technical route for the protection of traditional villages in other regions, with an appreciation for the value of spatial sequences.

Influencing Factors of Traditional Village Protection and Development from the Perspective of Resilience Theory

In the process of urbanization in China, traditional villages are facing many challenges and impacts which impose certain constraints on their sustainable development. Based on the perspective of resilience theory, this paper uses fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis to construct a complex causal model of traditional village conservation and development, conducts an empirical study on 28 national traditional villages in Liandu District and Qingyuan County, Lishui City, Zhejiang Province, and analyzes four high-level history paths by using fsQCA3.0 software (Developed by the American scholar Charles Ragin et al.), based on which four traditional conservation and development models are proposed and concretized into different conservation and development strategies for different village types. The research analysis shows that (1) resilience theory is applicable to the study of traditional village conservation and development, and has certain relevance and can effectively improve the response ability of traditional villages to uncertainty risks; (2) The framework of traditional village protection and development is based on landscape environmental protection, guaranteed by village industry development, and supported by other influencing factors (natural disaster response, social organization, and cultural heritage); (3) under the perspective of resilience theory, there are four models of traditional village conservation and development (JSC model, Z&C model, J&W model, and S&C model), which have good explanatory power and coverage and can address the real problems of different village types in a targeted manner.

DOES URBAN SPRAWL AND SPATIAL PLANNING STRATEGIES AFFECT RURAL SETTLEMENT AND BOUNDARIES IN PENANG?

The growing population and demand for urbanisation has led to pressure on rural areas and the natural environment. The crucial issue is protecting the rural areas boundaries which are essential for food security and traditional rural settlements. As paving towards urbanisation due to demand for development and population, the boundaries of rural settlements and boundaries should be protected to ensure the sustainability of the resources for the population. The categorisation of land use data is not consistent and poses several insufficient representations of rural boundaries in Penang. The main objective of this study is to compare the changes of rural boundaries in Penang in 2019 and the mapping of urban areas based on several data. The content analysis was used to compare and triangulate the data to be used for spatial analysis. The findings showed that the most prominent type of village is the traditional village which accounted for 88%. Based on Penang's development priority areas (DPA) until 2030, a total of 20133.83 acres of village, or 52.92%. The village boundaries in Seberang Perai Utara District will be significantly affected, with an area of 7968.89 acres (20.95%). The implication of this study is that protection of traditional villages and fishing villages require attention as most affected areas are traditional villages in Penang due to development direction, with a total area of 18060.61 acres (47.47%).

Exploring the dynamic evolutionary mechanism of game model on the protection of traditional villages

With the rapid improvement of urbanization and industrialization in countries around the world, how to effectively solve the rapid demise of traditional villages is a social dilemma faced by all countries, which is why a series of relevant protection regulations have been promulgated in different historical periods. However, the formulation of relevant policies is still not scientific, universal, and long-term. In this study, we constructed an evolutionary game model of local governments and residents based on the evolutionary game theory (EGT), which is used to explore the evolutionary stability strategy (ESS) and stability conditions of stakeholders under the premise of mutual influence and restriction. Besides, the study also includes the analysis about the impacts of different influence factors on the evolution tendency of the game model. At the same time, numerical simulation examples were used to verify the theoretical results and three crucial conclusions have been drawn. Firstly, the strategic evolution of stakeholders is a dynamic process of continuous adjustment and optimization, and its results and speed show consistent interdependence. Secondly, the decision-making of stakeholders mainly depends on the basic cost, and the high cost of investment is not conducive to the protection of traditional villages. Thirdly, the dynamic evolutionary mechanism composed of different influence factors will have an impact on the direction and speed of decision-making of stakeholders, which provides the basis for them to effectively restrict the decision-making of each other. This study eliminates the weaknesses of existing research approaches and provides scientific and novel ideas for the protection of traditional villages, which can contribute to the formulation and improvement of the relevant laws and regulations.

Artificial Intelligence in the Protection and Inheritance of Cultural Landscape Heritage in Traditional Village

To continue to protect and inherit the cultural landscape heritage of traditional villages, starting from the perspective of artificial intelligence (AI), literature review methods are used, and related theories are collected. Then, Wuyuan County in Jiangxi Province in the traditional villages is taken as the research object. By analyzing the tourism income of this place from 2016 to 2020, the overall income of this county is relatively good. In fact, due to the weak protection of traditional villages in Wuyuan County, the lack of supervision awareness, the implementation of the “immigrant and relocation” policy, and the backward thinking of residents, the cultural landscape of traditional villages has collapsed and destroyed. Up to now, there are 113 ancient ancestral temples, 28 ancient mansion houses, 36 ancient private houses, 187 ancient bridges, and only 12 ancient villages. Finally, AI technology is applied to the cultural landscape of traditional villages. Through image restoration technology, traditional villages can be restored to a certain extent. Intelligent positioning and radio frequency (RF) technology can also realize real-time monitoring of traditional villages from the perspective of weather and service life to achieve the purpose of protecting cultural landscape heritage. Therefore, AI technology is applied in the protection and inheritance of traditional village cultural landscape heritage, which has great reference significance for the management of various historical and cultural heritage.

Preliminary Study on Environmental Design of Traditional Villages Based on Post-use Evaluation Theory—Taking Xia'an Village, Liuwang Town, Qingdao as an Example

Traditional villages are the main components of regional residential space environmental planning and development. Under the influence of the rapid development of cities and the demands of diversified functions, the blindness, pattern and other related problems faced by the development of traditional villages are more obvious. This article studies on the basis of respecting regional environment and culture, Taking the environmental design of Xia'an village in Liuwang town of Qingdao as an example, post-use evaluation theory has been applied to the investigation, analysis and research of the overall environmental features, functional requirements, environmental facilities, cultural inheritance and protection of traditional villages. The author puts forward system design strategies for the above problems, which provide important theoretical basis and design guidance.

Research on Greenway Route Selection of Traditional Villages Based on GIS: A Case Study of Xingtai County, China

Greenway is a green linear corridor connecting scenic spots, residential areas, nature reserves, road traffic, etc. Rational greenway route selection can not only attract tourists to increase the income of local villages, but also arouse people’s awareness of the protection of traditional villages. This paper took Xingtai County, Hebei Province, China as an example to practice greenway route selection in the county territory. Eight factors were selected for greenway route planning, namely elevation, water body, mountain, ecological protection redline, cultural relics protection units, population density, road traffic network, and important transportation hub. These eight factors were assigned in the GIS platform, and the suitability evaluation system of each factor was constructed. The analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and entropy weight method were combined to calculate the weight of these eight factors. The raster calculator was used to weight and overlay the suitability evaluation system of each factor, and the comprehensive suitability evaluation map of greenway route selection was obtained. Based on an important transport hub, along with the water body and the road traffic, the final selection greenway route of traditional villages in Xingtai county was formed. The results of the research can provide a certain reference for the greenway route selection at the county scale.

Research on the Current Situation of Traditional Village Protection and Tourism Development in China

Research on the Current Situation of Traditional Village Protection and Tourism Development in China

Weed-Eating Pigs: Cultural Keystone Species, Interiority and Traditional Village Protection in Central China

The current movement of traditional rural village protection in China has largely focused on remarkable rural spaces such as attractive landscapes or architecture. This study demonstrates that certain unremarkable rural spaces relating to traditional subsistence activities, such as the space of weed-eating pigs in Enshi prefecture, can be an invaluable asset to this protection. As a local cultural keystone species, weed-eating pigs provide an important impetus that has kept local people, cultural knowledge and materials circulating in a small but lively rural space, maintaining local traditional rurality. This small space also functions as rural residents’ personal interior space in which they can experience senses of continuity and order (especially the spatial order that has survived rural modernisation).

Spatial differentiation of traditional villages using ArcGIS and GeoDa: A case study of Southwest China

In order to explore the role of environmental factors of traditional villages in the large-scale space category and promote the integral protection of traditional village culture, 1767 traditional villages in Sichuan, Guizhou and Yunnan Province in Southwest China were selected as the objects. With the support of spatial analysis tools such as ArcGIS and GeoDa, the spatial differentiation characteristics of traditional villages and their related factors were analyzed. It was found that the distribution of traditional villages in Southwest China is uneven, and in the overall distribution pattern, there are six spatial agglomeration areas in the east of Guizhou and the central and western regions of Yunnan, as well as large discrete distribution areas in other traditional villages. Traditional villages are influenced by natural factors such as topography, elevation, etc. in terms of spatial differentiation, as well as human, economic and social development environment factors such as population, ethnic composition, regional economic development level, central town, road traffic, etc., and show certain regular characteristics. From the perspective of integrity protection of large-scale traditional village culture, we should make the protection plan for traditional village cultural ecological areas, implement flexible and differentiated traditional village protection strategies, enhance the connectivity level of various development elements of traditional villages in regional scope, and promote the development of global tourism based on traditional villages.

Recognition of Values of Traditional Villages in Southwest China for Sustainable Development: A Case Study of Liufang Village

With the implementation of China’s Rural Revitalization Strategy, more and more traditional villages have been developed. However, due to the lack of value awareness, many rural planning policies are unreasonable, and therefore, characteristics disappear. In the past, the value identification of traditional villages mostly stayed in the general value description, which was not enough to highlight the unique overall value of the village. From the perspective of the cultural landscape, taking Liufang village in Liping County of Guizhou Province as an example, this paper interprets the value of cultural landscape from the concept of “long-term interaction between human and nature,” and then carry out three value themes of “settlement landscape of Dong people in the low and middle mountain valley area,” “agricultural landscape and activities of Dong people under traditional rice farming,” and “spiritual landscape of Dong People’s beliefs, systems and customs”. Moreover, by interviewing local residents, this paper summarizes two aspects of Liufang village value consensus—traditional culture and landscape construction, as well as tourism development opportunities and challenges—and analyzes the relationship between them. The new attempt to identify traditional village’s value in this paper lies in the combination of object value and subject perception, which is more conducive to the scientific formulation of traditional village protection and tourism sustainable development strategy.

Spatial Distribution and Land Use of Traditional Villages in Southwest China

Traditional villages are the historical and cultural heritage of people around the world. With the increases in urbanization and industrialization, the continuation of traditional villages and the inheritance of historical and cultural heritage are facing risk. Therefore, to grasp the spatial characteristics of them and the human–nature interaction mechanism in Southwest China, we analyzed the distribution pattern of traditional villages using the ArcGIS software. Then, we further analyzed the spatial clustering characteristics, influencing factors and landscape pattern, and put forward relevant protection countermeasures and suggestions. The results revealed that traditional villages in Southwest China were clustered, being mainly distributed in areas with relatively low elevation, gentle slopes, low relative positions, nearby water sources, and convenient transportation. They can be divided into four categories due to obvious differences in influencing factors such as elevation, slope, relative position, distance to the nearest river, population density, etc. The landscape pattern of traditional villages differed among the different clusters, being mainly composed of forests, shrubs, and cultivated land. With the increase in the buffer radius, the landscape pattern of them changed significantly. The results of this study reflect that traditional villages and the natural environment are interdependent, so the protection of traditional villages should carry out measures according to local conditions.

Comprehensive Evaluation and Quantitative Research on the Living Protection of Traditional Villages from the Perspective of “Production–Living–Ecology”

Aiming at the current isolated, static protection method of traditional villages, a comprehensive evaluation system for the living protection of traditional villages has been constructed based on the land use function integration concept in “Production–Living–Ecology” (PLE). By combining the “horizontal” PLE coupling coordination analysis with the “vertical” correlation analysis of the elements at each layer, the comprehensive evaluation and quantitative analysis of six traditional villages of different types and grades in the Taihu Lake area are carried out to quantitatively reflect the interactive relationship and integration mechanism of PLE in traditional villages. The results show that: (1) The PLE development of traditional villages is a dynamic process. Even if the villages are close in the PLE score, they may be in different stages of PLE development and coupling coordination type. (2) The “living” function has the highest correlation with the coupling coordination degree of PLE, and it acts as the engine and bridge of benign interaction between the PLE. (3) Even if the national traditional villages have a favorable ecology background, they may not get high scores, or even fail in the PLE score. (4) Among the sub-indicators, the natural environmental characteristics, the ecological vitality of political organizations, and the level of human settlement facilities show a significant linear correlation with the PLE score. Additionally, the ecological vitality of political organizations is the strongest. It can be therefore concluded that a positive policy organization is an important guarantee for realizing the PLE integration of traditional villages.

Application progress of digital technology in the protection of Chinese traditional villages

As a new trend of cultural heritage protection, digital technology has brought opportunities and challenges to the detection, protection and development of traditional villages. First, this article introduces the specific application of digital technology in the three stages of data collection, information processing and display and dissemination, and constructs the corresponding integrated application diagram, then summarizes the implementation obstacles in the protection process. Finally, a prospect is made for the development of digital protection of traditional villages. The results show that digital technology can provide a strong data foundation and flexible processing methods for the storage, restoration, display and dissemination of traditional village protection, and promote the transformation of single technology to multiple integrated applications.

Data science based landscape ecology for traditional village landscape protection

With the revitalisation of rural areas and the advancement of new rural construction, at present, the traditional village protection has received more attention. The optimisation of village layout is an essential issue in the protection of traditional villages, which is not only an objective demand for rural development, but also an important way to protect and avoid damage to the ecological and landscape patterns of the original villages. With the increase in the development of traditional villages, the general scale and shape of traditional villages have found profound changes. The phenomenon of village landscape convergence and original landscape destruction occurs from time to time. In the new situation, the traditional village protection faces new opportunities and challenges. By using landscape ecology theory to guide the preservation of traditional villages, the integrity, authenticity and continuity of traditional villages can be maintained. This article takes Yueqing Town, Bailong Village and Shixian Town, Shuinan Village in Yanbian Prefecture, Jilin Province as the research objects, applying the landscape pattern index to quantitatively analyse its overall landscape. On this basis, the village landscape optimisation and preservation strategy is proposed, which has certain reference value for the preservation and reuse of traditional villages in Jilin Province.

Quantitative Analysis of Spatial Distribution Characteristics of Traditional Villages in Hunan Province

This study takes 658 traditional villages in Hunan province as the research object. Relying on ArcGIS geographic information system, the traditional villages in Hunan province were abstracted into point sets with attribute information. By means of average nearest neighbor distance analysis, kernel density analysis and intercity distribution comparison, the basic geographical characteristics of traditional villages in Hunan province were summarized, that is, significant agglomeration distribution, three agglomeration areas and uneven intercity distribution. Multiple types of natural geographical factors were superimposed, such as elevation, slope aspect, slope, river, water systems, annual precipitation and annual average temperature, so as to analyze the impact of elevation topography, river system and climate conditions on village site selection. With the help of geographic detector tool, the correlation between elevation, slope, water system, annual average temperature, annual precipitation and village distribution was quantitatively analyzed. Through the analysis of correlation degree, interaction and single factor characteristics, it is concluded that natural geographical factors are related to village distribution and multiple factors interact with each other. Based on the quantitative analysis of interactions between traditional villages and the natural environment, the distribution characteristics of traditional villages have been summarized, providing reference for the subsequent systematic research and protection of traditional villages.

A Summary of the Study on the Authenticity of Traditional Village Architecture Space

The principle of authenticity is the basic and primary principle of the protection of historical and cultural heritage. It is the key to measuring the value of the heritage and the basis for the protection of the heritage. It is inseparable from the protection of traditional villages. As an important part of the cultural heritage of traditional villages, architectural space is an important carrier of traditional village memory and culture, carrying various material and intangible functions. At present, the importance of historical and cultural heritage protection and authenticity protection of traditional villages is becoming more and more prominent. This article summarizes relevant domestic and foreign research, hoping to understand the authenticity protection of historical and cultural heritage and traditional village architectural space from existing research results.