Potato Protection Research Articles

Potato protection against Phoma and Fusarium rots

Potato protection against Phoma and Fusarium rots

Electrochemically activated solutions of pesticides for the potato protection from pests

Electrochemically activated solutions of pesticides for the potato protection from pests

Adaptive-ecological aspects of potato protection

Adaptive-ecological aspects of potato protection

Laboratory assessment of the suitability of predatory bugs Orius laevigatus and Orius majusculus as natural enemies of seed potato pests in greenhouses

Laboratory experiments were performed to test Orius majusculus and Orius laevigatus suitability for potato protection. The adult bugs released on potato plants infested with Myzus persicae can normally survive, mature, and reproduce. In the absence of prey, the bugs can survive for about a week. And though addition of flower pollen increased survival, insect fecundity remained low. Only feeding by Sitotroga cerealella eggs added to potato plants provided for sustainable fecundity of Orius females laying up to 200 eggs during the lifetime. Thus, O. majusculus can be applied for biological control of aphids on seed potatoes in greenhouses and the grain moth eggs can be used as an additional food for the bugs.

New protectants for potato protection

In field experiments in the conditions of sod-podzolic sandy loam soils of the Moscow region, protectants were tested. Before planting potatoes, tubers were treated with a new two-component insectofungicide AVG – 0190 (Idikum, SC, iprodion, 133 g/l + Imidacloprid, 100 g/l + diphenoconazole, 6.7 g/l)-1.0 – 1.5 l/t and a mixture of the fungicide Syncler, SC (75 g/l fludioxonyl) and the insecticide Tabu Super, SC (Imidacloprid, 400 g/l and fipronil, 100 g/l)-0.2-0.3 l/t. According to the results of three-year tests, it was found that the etching of potato tubers before planting does not have a negative impact on the germination and biometric indicators of growth and development of potatoes. Their use helped to reduce the development and spread of rhizoctoniosis and provided almost complete protection of potatoes from the first generation of the Colorado beetle – during the mass appearance of older larvae and during the beginning of the departure of larvae for pupation. Biological efficacy against Rhizoctonia amounted to 58.8-66,3%, the Colorado potato beetle – 93,7 95.5 per cent. The use of new potato tuber protectants allowed to increase the gross yield by 6.2-7.1 t / ha or 30.9-35.3% compared to the control. Treatment of seed tubers with protectants helped to obtain a crop free from rhizoctoniosis and increase the yield of standard healthy potatoes by 57.7

Physiological and Biochemical Properties of Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) in Response to Ozone-Induced Oxidative Stress

We investigated the changes in the physiological and biochemical properties of potato plants exposed to differing ozone (O3) concentrations (5 ppm, 10 ppm) and exposure times (2, 4, 8, 12, 16 min) to determine the safe dose that could be used in crop protection programs. We measured the gas exchange, relative chlorophyll content, chlorophyll fluorescence and total antioxidant capacity in potato leaves exposed to O3 fumigation. The fresh weight (FW) of the aboveground part of the plants and a visual assessment of plant condition were determined after the end of the experiment. The plants were given two O3 treatments and measurements were carried out four times: on the 1st and 7th day after treatment. We conclude that O3 exposure time had a greater impact on the reduction in the efficiency of the potato photosynthetic apparatus than O3 concentration. Research has showed that O3 in 5 ppm concentration for 2 and 4 min and 10 ppm for 2 min increased the efficiency of the photosynthesis and antioxidant activity in leaf processes, and these doses could be taken into account in further research on the potential for using O3 in potato protection.

Rapid MSPD-LC-MS/MS Procedure for Determination of Pesticides in Potato Tubers.

The program of potato protection recommended by the producers of agrochemicals requires application: thiamethoxam, lambda-cyhalothrin, deltamethrin, rimsulfuron and metalaxyl. Therefore, there is a risk that these pesticides are present in tubers, thus posing a toxicological risk to the consumer. In this respect, it is necessary to monitor the presence of these compounds in edible plants. Therefore, the aim of this paper was to develop a novel, simple and robust analytical procedure for simultaneous determination of above-mentioned pesticides in potato tubers. To develop an analytical procedure that fulfills SANTE demands, quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged and safe method and matrix solid phase dispersion technique were investigated. The final determination was conducted by liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry. The obtained experimental data were analyzed by analysis of variance. For the extraction of analytes, matrix solid phase dispersion with octadecyl sorbent and methanol as eluent was chosen, since it provides the validation parameters according to SANTE requirements (recovery: 77-111%, relative standard deviation: 1-10%, limit of quantification: 0.9-5.0μg/kg). This innovative analytical procedure is a practical analytical tool, which was successfully proven by applying it for target pesticides determination in potato tuber samples of different varieties randomly chosen at local markets.

A new strategy for durable control of late blight in potato by a single soil application of an oxathiapiprolin mixture in early season.

Root treatment with oxathiapiprolin, benthiavalicarb or their mixture Zorvec-Endavia [ZE (3+7, w/w)] was shown to provide prolonged systemic protection against foliar oomycete pathogens attacking cucumber, tomato and basil. Here we report that these fungicides can effectively protect potato plants against late blight when applied to the soil in which such potato plants are grown. In two field experiments, performed in 2019 and 2020, potato plants grown in 64 L containers were treated with a soil drench of oxathiapiprolin, benthiavalicarb or ZE at 12.5, 25 or 50 mg ai/five plants in a container. Artificial inoculations with Phytophthora infestans revealed that such treated plants were protected against late blight in a dose-dependent manner all along the season. Interestingly, oxathiapiprolin persisted in the treated soil for at least 139 days, providing systemic protection against late blight to the following potato crops grown in that treated soils. Potato plants grown in loess soil in the field were either sprayed or drenched with ZE. Plants treated via the soil were significantly better protected against late blight compared to the plants treated by a spray. The data demonstrate a new strategy for season-long protection of potato against late blight by a single soil application of ZE. The systemic nature of oxathiapiprolin and benthiavalicarb composing ZE assures the translocation to the foliage of two fungicides with different modes of action. This shall minimize the risk of developing resistance against either fungicide in the treated crops.

Repellent activity of Tanacetum parthenium (L.) and Tanacetum vulgare (L.) essential oils against Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say).

The Colorado potato beetle, Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say), is one of the most destructive pest species to have developed resistance to most chemical insecticides. We determined the composition and evaluated the potential of Tanacetum parthenium L. and Tanacetum vulgare L. (Asteraceae family) essential oil (EO) application as an alternative eco-friendly control strategy against L. decemlineata. We assessed the antifeedant activity for L. decemlineata larvae and adults by estimating the damage to potato leaves treated with three concentrations of EOs dissolved in ethanol (0.125, 0.25 and 0.5%). Results showed that T. parthenium EO was more effective against larvae, and T. vulgare was more effective against adults. In an olfactometer assay, the time required to choose an untreated leaf disc did not depend on the Tanacetum species, or life stage examined. However, the concentration of EO exhibited a significant effect on the behaviour of both developmental stages. At higher EO concentrations, both third instar larvae and adults require less time to choose an untreated leaf disc. Additionally, T. parthenium EO provoked more rapid movement away from the treated leaf disc than T. vulgare, especially at the highest concentration. Successful modification of L. decemlineata behaviour by the two Tanacetum oils suggests that they possess the potential for use in potato protection.

Application of Genetic Method in Protection of Potatoes from Pests and Diseases

Application of Genetic Method in Protection of Potatoes from Pests and Diseases

The Effectiveness of the Application of a Chemical Agent (Dressing) to Seed Potatoes by Means of an Innovative Valve Enabling Intermittent Flow of a Liquid

The protection of potatoes from pests and diseases, especially at an early stage of their development, is an indispensable element of cultivation. Pesticides are most commonly used for protection, but their high doses may adversely affect the natural environment, including soil and water. This study compares the losses of a chemical agent emitted during the dressing of seed potatoes by means of an innovative valve enabling intermittent outflow of the liquid and by means of a standard valve with a continuous outflow. The research proved that the intermittent outflow of the working liquid decreased the amount of the chemical agent emitted into the environment ten times. The article also describes the site at which the innovative valve was tested and compares the results of laboratory tests for three distances of the sprayer from the potato fall path (50, 100, 150 mm) and four different pressures of the working liquid (1–4 kPa). The research showed that the amount of losses, i.e., emissions of the chemical agent into the environment from the innovative valve (intermittent stream of the working liquid) depended on the difference in the air and liquid pressure. The solution is environmentally friendly. The results showed that the distance between the sprayer valve and the seed potato falling path had minimal influence on the amount of the agent left on the surface of seed potatoes when a continuous stream was applied, but it had considerable influence when an intermittent stream was applied. The distance had negative effect on the ratio of retention of the applied liquid at pressures of 100 and 200 kPa, but it had positive effect at pressures of 300 and 400 kPa (at an intermittent flow). When a continuous stream was applied and the distance between the spray valve and the seed potato falling path increased from 100 to 150 mm, it had positive effect on the retention coefficient for all the four pressures tested (100, 200, 300, 400 kPa).

Эффективность адаптивно-интегрированной защиты картофеля на высоком инфекционном фоне

One of the leading problems in potato growing is the inconsistency of phytosanitary parameters of seed potatoes with the requirements of national standards. This is facilitated by the traditionally used chemical protection of plants, which leads to the selection of resistant strains of pathogens and, as a consequence, a high level of infestation of the planting material. An environmentally oriented approach to potato cultivation technology is adaptive-integrated protection, which implies the creation of integrated plant protection systems against diseases. The aim of the study is to assess the effectiveness of adaptively integrated protection of potatoes against diseases of various etiologies against a high infectious background. The research was carried out in the Laishevsky district of the Tatarstan Republic on the Rodriga variety. According to the results of tuber analysis, it was established that the prevalence rates of diseases exceeded the requirements of GOST 33996-2016. Seed tubers were treated with Revus® fungicide; during the growing season, a double treatment with Famox® and Gymnast® preparations was carried out. In the variant of integrated protection, the treatment was carried out with half the norms of fungicides with the biopreparation Phytosporin®-AS. The use of adaptive-integrated protection of potato during the first growing season led to activation of the destruction of plant residues and an increase in the number of nitrogen-fixing microorganisms, a decrease in the content of phytopathogenic and to increase antagonistic microflora. The biological effectiveness of the integrated protection of Rodriga potatoes on high infectious background against in the first year of vegetation (late blight, vascular wilt of potato, dry rot of potato, black scab, bacterial rot) was 61.5-100%, which led to an increase crop yield.

Application of disinfectants in the potato protection from diseases and pests

Application of disinfectants in the potato protection from diseases and pests

ТАКТИКА И СТРАТЕГИЯ ЗАЩИТЫ КАРТОФЕЛЯ ОТ БОЛЕЗНЕЙ В УСЛОВИЯХ КРАСНОДАРСКОГО КРАЯ

ТАКТИКА И СТРАТЕГИЯ ЗАЩИТЫ КАРТОФЕЛЯ ОТ БОЛЕЗНЕЙ В УСЛОВИЯХ КРАСНОДАРСКОГО КРАЯ

Влияние предпосевной обработки клубней наночастицами металлов в составе полимерного покрытия на заболеваемость и урожайность картофеля

Для предпосевной обработки клубней картофеля разработан препарат на основе наночастиц (НЧ) железа, цинка, меди и молибдена в соcтаве полимерного покрытия, которое формировали из смеси Na-карбокисметилцеллюлозы и полиэтиленгликоля-400. На основании проведенных лабораторных испытаний установлены оптимальные концентрации и соотношения наночастиц металлов: Fe : Zn : Cu : Mo – 10-6 : 10-2 : 10-8 : 10-8 (%). При проведении полевых испытаний в интегрированной системе защиты семенного картофеля установлено, что предпосевная обработка клубней картофеля НЧ Fe:Zn:Cu:Mo в составе полимеров способствует снижению распространенности и степени развития альтернариоза (в 2.2 и 2.4 раза соответственно) и фитофтороза (в 3.4 и 4.2 раза соответственно) в период вегетации и приводит к повышению урожайности товарных клубней на 11.7% по сравнению с контролем.

Biological Preparations for the Protection of Agricultural Plants (Review)

The protection of plants from diseases caused by various pathogens is an economically and socially important problem; the losses in crop production constitute 20% of the harvest in different parts of the world. The use of chemical pesticides is the main method of plant protection. However, chemical preparations have a number of serious disadvantages. Biologicals for plant protection (BPP) are currently being developed more intensely. The world biggest chemical companies, BASF, Bayer and Syngenta, show great interest in the market for preparations of biological control. The data on markets of biologicals for the protection of agricultural plants in various parts of the world (North America, Europe, China, Latin America and Russia) are presented. According to expert data, the biological markets in these areas (with the exception of Russia) will exceed $1 billion by 2025. In Russia, only 0.3% of agricultural land is treated with biological products. The review contains data on the use of biofungicides obtained at GosNIIgenetika for the protection of wheat, potato, and vegetable crops. A high efficiency of the biofungicides has been demonstrated.

Synthetic gel structures in soils for sustainable potato farming

Anti-pathogenic protection of potatoes remains one of the most pressing problems of sustainable agronomy and plant protection. For this purpose, we propose to use a new type of synthetic hydrogels filled with amphiphilic recipients (dispersed peat, humates) and modern plant protection products. We assumed that the introduction of swollen gel structures into the rhizosphere of potatoes will allow us: to optimize the water supply and productivity of potatoes; to protect the fertile layer and potato tubers from the main pathogens; to fix modern plant protection products in the rhizosphere, keeping them from leaching and entering the environment. Preliminary laboratory experiments tested the anti-microbial activity of gel structures, as well as their water retention, dispersity and hydraulic conductivity with subsequent computer modeling of the water exchange and root uptake in the system of “soil-gel-potato”. Field trials were carried out in humid (European Russia) and arid (Uzbekistan) conditions under the atmospheric precipitation and irrigation on different soils and potato varieties with instrumental monitoring of environment, potato growth and quality. All experimental results confirmed the high efficiency of water-accumulative and plant protective synthetic gel structures. Their usage sufficiently (up to 6–15 t/hct) increases the potato yield with 1.3–2 times water saving, complete retention of agrochemicals in the rizosphere, and its actually total protection against major potato pathogens, including late blight (Phytophthora infestans).

Possibility to Use Combined Preparations for Protecting Potatoes from Pests

In the northwest region of the Russian Federation, studies of the biological effectiveness of combined preparations against wireworms and aphids—carriers of potato viruses—were performed. The effectiveness of new products not yet included in the State Catalog of Pesticides, Bombarda, SC (130 + 90 + 60 g/L), Vibrance Max, SC (262.5 + 25 + 25 g/L) as well as combined insecticides Dekster, SC (115 + 106 g/L) and Eforia, SC (106 + 141 g/L), applied by spraying during the growing season was studied. These preparations provide effective protection of potatoes against wireworms and aphids and can be recommended for use after their state registration and inclusion into the State Catalog of Pesticides and Agrochemicals Approved for Use on the Territory of the Russian Federation.

Preparations used in the fight against wireworms and aphids on potato

In the North-West region of the Russian Federation, studies have been conducted to study the biological efficacy of combination products in the fight against wireworms and aphids - carriers of viruses on potatoes. Studied the effectiveness of new products not yet included in the State catalog of pesticides: Bombard, CS (130+90+60 g/l), Wibrans Max, CS (262.5+25+25 g/l), as well as combined insecticides - by spraying during the growing season - Dexter, KS (115+106 g/l) and Eforia, KS (106+141 g/l). These preparations provide effective protection of potatoes against wireworms and aphids and can be recommended for use after their state registration and inclusion in the State Catalog of pesticides and agrochemicals permitted for use on the territory of the Russian Federation.

ЭФФЕКТИВНАЯ ЗАЩИТА КАРТОФЕЛЯ ОТ БОЛЕЗНЕЙ РАЗЛИЧНОЙ ЭТИОЛОГИИ В УСЛОВИЯХ МОСКОВСКОЙ ОБЛАСТИ

ЭФФЕКТИВНАЯ ЗАЩИТА КАРТОФЕЛЯ ОТ БОЛЕЗНЕЙ РАЗЛИЧНОЙ ЭТИОЛОГИИ В УСЛОВИЯХ МОСКОВСКОЙ ОБЛАСТИ