Protection Movement Research Articles

Pro-Environmental Behaviors and the Prioritization of Environmental Protection over Economic Growth

This study investigates the impact of individuals' pro-environmental behaviors on their preference for either environmental protection or economic growth. The analysis utilizes the most recent wave of the World Values Survey (WVS), the 7th wave, which includes data from 66 economies. Logistic regression is employed for empirical analysis. The marginal effects of the model highlight the significant role of pro-environmental behavior and confidence in environmental movements in shaping individuals' preferences for environmental protection over economic growth. Whether active or inactive, memberships in environmental organizations positively influence the likelihood of prioritizing environmental protection by fostering awareness and alignment with sustainability values. Active members exhibit a stronger effect, reflecting the impact of deeper engagement in environmental activities. Similarly, confidence in environmental protection movements plays a crucial role in promoting pro-environmental attitudes, as individuals with greater confidence are more likely to trust and support collective efforts to address environmental challenges. The findings underscore the importance of fostering participation in environmental organizations and building trust in environmental movements to encourage sustainability-oriented decisions and attitudes at a societal level.

Commercial Social Capital and Social Conflict: Historical Evidence From China

ABSTRACTSocial stability is a crucial prerequisite for the prosperity and development of a country or region, and social conflict has long been a focal topic in academia. However, few studies examine the impact of commercial social capital on social conflict. This paper addresses this gap by investigating the influence of shanghui (chambers of commerce) in the late Qing Dynasty, a form of commercial social capital, on regional social conflict. Utilizing prefecture‐level panel data from 1902 to s and employing a DID approach, we empirically explore the impact of shanghui on regional social conflict during this period. The results show that the establishment of shanghui significantly increased the likelihood of regional social conflict, and this effect remains robust across a variety of robustness tests. As a form of commercial social capital, shanghui effectively promoted the formation of merchant networks, facilitating collective action among merchants to safeguard their interests. Further historical evidence suggests that the impact of shanghui on regional social conflict is primarily evident in three areas: (1) supporting social revolutions, particularly the Revolution of 1911; (2) resisting actions by foreign merchants and the Qing government that threatened their interests, exemplified by the Boycott of American Goods and the Railway Protection Movement; and (3) siding with merchants in labor disputes, thus leading to worker strikes.

A106: Motivations for Grassroots Inheritance of Intangible Cultural Heritage

Background: The protection movement for intangible cultural heritage is gradually becoming a global trend. However, the intangible heritage protection movements led by governmental organizations have been criticized for issues related to "authenticity" and "nationalism." Bottom-up inheritance and protection, or grassroots heritage preservation, refers to the process where intangible cultural heritage is continuously passed down within local communities and by the people themselves. Currently, there is limited research discussing intangible cultural heritage from the perspective of grassroots inheritance. This study selects collective action theory as the analytical framework and examined the motivations behind the formation of the Yingge team in DH village in the Chaoshan area of China, exploring the strategies they employ to achieve common goals collaboratively, providing references for grassroots involvement in the planning and protection of intangible cultural heritage preservation. Method: Data were collected through participatory observation and semi-structured interviews, with two core questions being "Why did you join the Yingge team?" and "What motivates you to continue training?" Finally, a three-step content analysis process was used to analyze the data and extract key insights. Results: The study concluded three main points: 1. Collective nostalgia motivates villagers to participate in the inheritance of the Yingge dance, strengthening collective identity by preserving traditional customs. 2. A stable living environment and superior material foundation have shifted villagers' needs towards seeking greater social recognition and attention, with participation in the Yingge team being one way to achieve this. 3. The activities of the Yingge team are not only a form of intangible cultural heritage inheritance but also a way to bring the extended family together again, driven by the belief in fighting for family honor. Conclusion/Discussion: The villagers' motivation to participate is more rooted in respect for cultural traditions and the maintenance of clan honor. This collective action driven by internal beliefs and values reflects the behavior model of the "conceptual person." This finding effectively refutes the rational actor assumption in traditional collective action theory. Therefore, understanding and utilizing this motivational mechanism based on the conceptual person assumption is crucial for promoting the grassroots inheritance and protection of intangible cultural heritage.

Anti-Carceral Approaches to Addressing Harms Against Animals: Considerations on Multispecies Restorative and Transformative Justice

The animal protection movement has developed an increasingly close working relationship with the criminal punishment system through lobbying and campaigning for harsher punishments for animal abuse, while at the same time showing an interest in restorative justice (RJ) as a response to harm against animals. In this article, we take a critical position aligned with anti-carceral feminists and prison abolitionists against the carceral systems that fail humans and animals in circumstances of violence. We consider the potential of RJ as an alternative approach to address and prevent harm against animals in abuse cases on an individual level while highlighting the limitations of RJ in achieving the necessary changes on a societal level to end structurally produced violence against animals, such as industrial animal exploitation. We propose that transformative justice (TJ), which involves some RJ processes, is the most promising approach that could achieve justice for both humans and nonhumans in the long term without reproducing traumas and violence for the individuals and communities involved in harm reduction and prevention. Drawing on examples of RJ and TJ as developed and practised in marginalized human communities, we apply their lessons to thinking through similar practices in the context of animal abuse and neglect.

Task-Specific Perceived Harmfulness Predicts Protective Movement Behaviour in Chronic Low Back Pain.

Background/Objectives: There is emerging evidence that task-specific pain-related psychological measures may better predict movement behaviour in chronic low back pain (CLBP) than general pain-related psychological measures. Currently, little is known regarding the prediction of movement duration and movement velocity. Methods: Baseline data from a previously published randomized controlled trial were used (clinicaltrials.gov NCT02773160). Fifty-five patients with CLBP and 54 pain-free persons performed a lifting task while kinematic measurements were obtained to calculate movement velocity of the L1 vertebra, S1 vertebra, and the lumbar spine, as well as the time to complete the lifting task. Scores on the Photograph Daily Activities Series-Short Electronic Version (PHODA-SeV), Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia (TSK), and its Activity Avoidance and Somatic Focus subscales were used as general pain-related psychological measures. The score on a picture of the PHODA-SeV, showing a person lifting an object with a bent back (PHODA-Lift), was used as task-specific measure of perceived harmfulness. Results: The task-specific measure best predicted movement duration and movement velocity of L1 and the lumbar spine, and explained 35%, 19%, and 25% of the respective movement parameters. Although general perceived harmfulness predicted S1 velocity and movement duration, it only explained 6% and 8% of the respective movement parameters. General measures of pain-related fear were not predictive for any of the movement parameters. It took patients with CLBP significantly longer to complete the lifting task when compared to the pain-free participants (ES = 1.01, p < 0.0001), and patients with CLBP also moved significantly slower at L1 (ES = 0.85, p < 0.0001) and the lumbar spine (ES = 1.01, p < 0.0001). These between-groups differences were larger for CLBP subgroups with higher scores on the PHODA-Lift, and to some extent for subgroups with higher total scores on the PHODA-SeV. Conclusions: Task-specific perceived harmfulness best predicts movement velocity. General pain-related fear measures (i.e., TSK and its subscales) do not predict these movement parameters.

The heritagization of cultural politics: anthropological research on Chinese cultural heritage

Since the beginning of the twenty-first century, in alignment with globalization and the megatrend within the international socio-cultural sphere, China has initiated a large-scale “intangible cultural heritage (ICH) protection movement” through its proactive leadership and management of cultural heritage administration. As a significant component of Chinese cultural politics, this movement has profoundly influenced the cultural lives of Chinese society and its citizens and is poised to continue doing so. Some Chinese anthropologists have also participated in and significantly contributed to this movement in various ways. This paper comprehensively and meticulously examines these fundamental ways. Building upon this analysis, this paper further provides an overview and assessment of the research outcomes of anthropological research on Chinese cultural heritage, both domestically and internationally. The author posits that the paramount contribution of anthropologists, both domestically and internationally, to Chinese cultural heritages and the related protection endeavors lies in their academic research outcomes being predominantly based on their respective fieldwork practices. These outcomes, shaped and realized through on-the-ground fieldwork, hold exceptional value for cultural heritage administration and national cultural policies, as they effectively provide cultural criticism and dissenting perspectives.

Low-carbon movement and stock market uncertainty: Insights from international comparisons between fossil fuel companies

We study the effect of investor attention to a low-carbon movement—the fossil fuel divestment movement—on stock volatility of fossil fuel companies from both developing and developed countries. Investor attention to this justice movement is measured by the weekly intensity of the Google search for the topic “fossil fuel divestment”. We employ a sample of 8 regional equity indices that exclusively comprise fossil fuel-related stocks over the 2012–2021 period. We find that investor attention to the fossil fuel divestment movement is positively and significantly related to the realized and conditional volatility of fossil fuel companies from both developing and developed countries. These findings contribute to improve our collective understanding of the implications of climate protection movement on energy sector in both developed and developing countries.

Witnesses for the State: Children and the Making of Modern Evidence Law

Abstract This article identifies an overlooked legacy of the child protection movement in the late-nineteenth and early-twentieth-century U.S.: transformations in evidence law and procedure that undermined common-law restrictions on children's testimony. Scholarship on the nineteenth-century modernization of evidence law argues that the rise of cross-examination allowed for the demise of common-law witness disqualification rules. The erosion of restrictions on children's testimony, however, requires an alternative or additional explanation, because cross-examination did not allay fears about children's reliability. The driving force for changes in the law governing child witnesses, I argue, was the slate of nineteenth-century child protection laws whose enforcement typically required children's testimony. The case study of Progressive-Era New York, presented here, reveals how evidence law and procedure adapted to substantive law's demand for children's evidence: reformers legislated an exception to the common-law oath requirement in children's cases, pushed trial courts to modernize their approach to examining child witnesses’ competency, and expanded the state's power to detain children as material witnesses. Those reforms fostered the ends of law enforcement, but did not resolve enduring debates about the reliability risks of children's testimony and the costs of testifying for children's wellbeing.

Water and fluidity in İz Öztat’s heterochronic imaginaries in the aftermath of genocide

Between the years 2013–2016, the artist İz Öztat created four distinct bodies of work, all of which engaged aspects of water. This period was marked in Turkey by the heightened tensions around the neoliberal (re)distribution of public space and public resources, which escalated in the aftermath of the Gezi Park Protests of 2013. In this article, the author argues that, beyond its immediate critique of contemporary capitalist appropriation, Öztat’s engagement with water builds relations across time, space, and species to recall histories of the Armenian Genocide, challenging the denials of official historiography. By tapping into the linguistic, cultural, and material imaginaries of water, and learning from the present-day water protection movements, Öztat engages the diverse histories carried across waterways. Water becomes a nexus through which the artist locates and articulates the physical and epistemic violence of modernity, particularly as it indexes community, conscience, and ecology from the late 19th century to the present.

Social Movements in Hybrid Regimes: The Rise of PTM in Pakistan

Scholars have ignored regime type as a crucial element affecting social movement mobilization due to political opportunity structures. Even little is known about hybrid regimes and disputes. Understanding social movement's hidden or unintentional repercussions is another gap. This study uses the Pashtun Tahafuz (protection) Movement (PTM) of Pakistan to address this academic gap by studying social movements under hybrid regimes like Pakistan. The research finds that dual (emanating from both the military and political organs of the state) and haphazard repression by a hybrid regime, characterized by military dominance and limited political opportunity structure, can temporarily slow social movement mobilization but not stop it. In the long term, the movement becomes stronger and mobilizes against the state. As a result of its mobilization and advancement, a social movement under such a regime may also affect other social movements.

Implementation of Legal Protection of Children from Violence through Child Protection Institutions in North Sumatra

This research is a legal research related to the implementation of the North Sumatra Child Protection Agency (LPA) in preventing violence against children in North Sumatra Province. This research was conducted using a qualitative research model (mode of inquiry) and included as field research (empirical). This research uses a statutory approach, case approach, normative approach, and conceptual approach. The results of the study found that the role of the North Sumatra Child Protection Agency (LPA) towards children as victims of violence in North Sumatra is currently running well, it's just not optimal and still has obstacles both from internal and external. LPA Provisnsi currently gave birth to the Sekampung Child Protection Movement Program (GPAS), as a strategy to protect children's growth and development and prevent delinquency and child abuse from an early age. To the government, it should reconstruct the legal protection of children based on prosperity, through; First, Law Number 11 of 2012 concerning the Child Criminal Justice System Article 55, paragraph (3); related to scheduling children's trials, and Second, Law Number 35 of 2014 concerning Child Protection, Article 88: related to punishment "imprisonment for a minimum of 5 (five) years and a maximum of 15 (fifteen) years and a fine of at least Rp.150,000,000 (one hundred and fifty million rupiah) and a maximum of Rp.5,000,000,000 (five) billion".

Ecological Literary Heritage: Lessons from Classics for the Environmental Movement

This paper explores the enlightenment significance of classic ecological literature works to the environmental protection movement. Through literature research and case analysis, three representative ecological literary works, “Silent Spring,” “Dune,” and “Call of the Wild,” were selected for in-depth analysis. The study found that these classic works express profound environmental protection values, reflect environmental problems such as chemical pollution, resource depletion, and wildlife protection, and reflect care for the ecosystem. Among them, “Silent Spring” reveals the harm of pesticides to the biological chain, “Dune” explores the relationship between resource exploitation and ecological protection, and “Call of the Wild” depicts the harmonious coexistence between man and nature. The environmental awareness shown in these works has important enlightenment for the contemporary environmental movement, arousing the public’s environmental awareness and providing reference for environmental protection actions and strategy formulation. The study believes that ecological literature contains rich environmental protection value, is the source of ideas for the environmental protection movement, and has a lasting impact on promoting the environmental protection process.

Austerity: An environmentally dangerous idea

The article examines austerity as a policy and practice that is dangerous not only for human societies and economies, but also for more-than-human ecologies and lives. Often presented as an economic tool that can 'fix' an economic crisis, austerity nevertheless carries serious environmental consequences which are not systematically documented or theorized. Here, we sketch a political ecology agenda for understanding austerity as environmental politics, focusing on three facets. First, austerity as justification for intensifying environmental destruction in the name of economic recovery. Second, austerity as a catalyst for increasing socio-environmental inequality, exacerbating colonial extractivism, and complexifying North/South binaries. Third, austerity as a socio-environmental condition that can kindle innovative environmental protection movements; but can also exacerbate climate denialism and new forms of 'othering.' The framework we offer here is pertinent at the aftermath of consecutive economic, pandemic, and inflation-induced austerity periods, when aggressive pro-growth agendas fast become normalized as prime recovery strategies.&amp;nbsp;

Российские государственники Бессарабии после крушения Российской империи

At the beginning of the twentieth century, multiethnic Bessarabia became one of the pillars of the Russian state protection movement. Even after the lost war with Japan, during the revolution of 1905-1907, when the prestige of state power fell, there were no separatist tendencies in the border province. After the overthrow of the monarchy (1917), the population put up armed resistance to the Romanian troops introduced into Bessarabia. During the Civil War, representatives of the pre–revolutionary Bessarabian elite fought both on the side of the Bolsheviks – the central government of Russia, and as part of the white armies – under the slogans of restoring a united and indivisible Russia. On the Dniester, the whites and Reds tried to cooperate on a patriotic basis – in the fight against the Romanian occupiers. The personification of history allows us to reveal the origins and essence of the attempts of some figures of both camps to turn the Civil War into a Patriotic war.

Women’s Rights Protection Social Movement in the Modern Armenian Society

Current research article is devoted to the exploration of women’s rights protection movement in modern Armenian society. The exploration of the current situation of the women’s rights protection movement in modern Armenian society includes two components. Firstly, through an analysis of documents (the Soviet state’s first codes of different years), the study examines the evolution of the women's rights protection social movement from the Soviet Union. This investigation illustrates how the Soviet Union’s political system had formed and shaped the women’s movement, which also affected the further development of the movement in modern Armenian society. Secondly, this research paper is based on an analysis of 34 in-depth interviews performed in Yerevan city from 2020-2023, with informants engaged in different types of women’s rights protection activism during the last 20 years in Armenian society. Information gathered from interviews allowed us to split the history of the development of the movement into two time-lapses in modern Armenian society. Triangulation of qualitative document analysis and in-depth interviews, equally contributed to the understanding of the main features of the women’s rights protection social movement as a whole social phenomenon in Armenian modern society. One of the key findings of the research is that despite the existence of diverse groups of women’s rights protection activists and just individuals coping with social system gender inequalities, there is difficulties in establishing social movement in modern Armenian society. The most prevailing definitions of social movements assume non-institutionalized collective actions with a clear set of goals. Instead, what currently exists in modern Armenian society is a form of street activism organized by efforts of different institutionalized organizations, where people engage in sporadic protests to raise awareness about gender issues and gender inequality. The paper also sheds light on social obstacles that prevent the initiative from becoming an institutionalized social movement for women’s rights protection in Armenia. The main social-cultural obstacles can be seen as a combination of factors including the absence of a general feminist agenda, lack of structural strain pushing for mobilization and social conservatism, etc.

Community Service Awareness of Environmental Law with A Pollution Control and Environmental Management Program in the Village of Kading

Government as underwriter answer to well-being its people own not quite enough answer big in effort think and realize formation preservation environment live. As good citizens, society must own high level of concern to sustainability environment live around it in accordance with Conditions Tree Management Environment Life based on Law no. 4 of 1982. Management environment government has declared for applied in the community environment with cope case pollution. supervise material dangerous and poisonous, do evaluation analysis about impact environment as well as various management and protection movements law environment. Activity Devotion This carried out in the village Kading Bone Regency which was carried out by Andi Sudirman University lecturers together with student. Activity This carried out in 3 stages that is Focus Group Discussion (FGD), socialization policy law environment and agreements in commitment together to use Control Pollution Environment. Opportunities for students to enrich themselves through activities and ideas outside of learning activities and provide scholarship opportunities for smart students by using their creativity and encouraging special education in 3T places so that they are the same as schools that have quality education according to national standards.

Implementasi Strategi Dinas Keluarga Berencana Pemberdayaan Perempuan dan Perlindungan Anak dalam Pengembangan Gerakan Perlindungan Anak Terpadu Berbasis Masyarakat di Kabupaten Serang

The Community-Based Integrated Child Protection Movement is one of the programs owned by the Serang Regency DKBPPPA regarding efforts to prevent children from acts of violence. The PATBM movement is a movement created by the Indonesian Ministry of Women's Empowerment and Child Protection which is run by communities in the form of groups living at the village or sub-district level. The problems found in this research were cases of child violence in Serang Regency which were high in the last three years (2020-2022), the PATBM movement which only existed in 68 villages out of a total of 326 villages in Serang Regency, the absence of direct socialization from the Regency DKBPPPA Serang is related to the introduction of the PATBM Movement in the community, the lack of commitment from stakeholders regarding the PATBM Movement in Serang Regency, the implementation of the PATBM Movement and the budget which is carried out simultaneously with other programs. The theory used is Strategic Management theory in the Strategy Implementation dimension according to Wheelen and Hunger (2014:11) which has three indicators, namely program, budget and procedures using descriptive qualitative research methods. From this research it is known that the strategy carried out by the Serang Regency DKBPPPA in developing the PATBM Movement is quite good by collaborating with government and non-government institutions. The form of activities carried out is by forming, coaching, evaluating, and monitoring. Meanwhile, activities in the community are handed over to each village that has been formed. Then, regarding the uncertain and limited budget. This makes the Serang Regency DKBPPPA direct the use of village funds for implementing PATBM activities in the community. And for DKBPPPA procedures, Serang Regency follows guidelines from the center and does not have special procedures.

Indigenous Ecocentrism, Jungle Satyagraha and the “Judgment Imaginary”: Mahasweta Devi’s “Madhu: A Fairy Tale”

Mahasweta Devi’s short story “Madhu: A Fairy Tale” is an eco-dystopian narrative that tells the story of ecocidal violence and cultural crisis experienced by a forest-dwelling community owing to the clear-cutting of trees in an Adivasi-populated area in Maharashtra to facilitate the expansion of rail network by the British. The story recounts how the destruction of the local forest on which the Korju community depends for shelter, sustenance and survival, causes an existential crisis for them and how the ecology-economy disintegration leads these “ecosystem people” to start a “silent satyagraha,” a nonviolent resistance to interventionist politics and context-insensitive developmentalism, in the form of self-imposed starvation. This story representing indigenous plight and the crisis of traditional ecocentric culture takes an apocalyptic turn when Madhu, the titular character, was transformed into a gigantic figure swallowing almost the entire city of Mumbai after the experiment with his famished body in a scientific laboratory to decode the mystery of the death of the Korjus due to malnutrition. This paper reads Mahasweta Devi’s “Madhu: A Fairy Tale” to show how the reckless felling of trees in colonial India threatened the existence of certain forest resource-based indigenous communities with gradual extinction. It focuses on how the Korjus’ silent protest against the destruction of their immediate natural forest embodies the practice of jungle satyagraha which is an important component of the forest protection movement in both colonial and postcolonial India. It also looks into how the uncanny metamorphosis of Madhu into a monstrous figure is an ecohorror trope in suggesting the revenge of nature against its reckless appropriation and exploitation.

Environmental taxes in the context of contemporary challenges

For more than 50 years, issues of the environmental protection and pollution prevention have attracted an attention of the general public, scientists and governmental bodies. These concerns has especially increased due to the reduction in supplies and the increase in prices for natural gas and oil on a global scale, as well as the fact that the energy sector generates significant volumes of greenhouse gas emissions. With this in mind, environmental regulation is gaining more and more relevance. Environmental taxes are one of the tools for its implementation. The expansion of environmental taxes around the world took place in conditions of their active support by scientists, activists of the environmental protection movement, representatives of business and government agencies. However, if previously publications highlighted the positive side of these economic instruments of environmental regulation (incentives for polluters to reduce the level of environmental pollution, the formation of revenues for budgets that can be used to finance environmental and social programs), then in the last 3-5 years, there began to appear separate scientific publications, in which the effectiveness of environmental taxes as a mean of regulation the state of the environment is questioned. The objective of this paper is to define factors and features of the environmental taxes’ application that reduce their effectiveness as a tool for environmental regulation of the economy. As a result of the analysis of the environmental taxes’ revenues dynamics, peculiarities of their application in some countries of the world, and the dynamics of pollutants’ emissions, it was once again confirmed that environmental taxes alone cannot solve all environmental problems. They should be supplemented with other tools and approaches of environmental regulation. In addition, it is possible to increase the effectiveness of environmental taxes by removing those rebates, exemptions and subsidies from the national tax systems that have a negative impact on the environment and by indexing environmental taxes’ rates in accordance with inflation rates. Ideally, it is also advisable to harmonize environmental taxes’ rates on a global scale. But at the moment, this is unlikely to happen even in the medium run. Implementation of these recommendations in practice will allow not only to reduce the level of environmental pollution, but also to obtain additional funds for the carrying-out environmental protection and social programs, for example – in the field of energy conservation, which should reduce the dependence of countries on fuel imports.

Beyond birds’ conservation: Engaging communities for the conservation of urban green spaces

Urban green spaces are important for bird conservation, functioning as a buffer against the impacts of human actions on their surroundings. However, green spaces also provide several benefits to humans, such as the improvement of climatic conditions and a more intimate contact with nature. In this point of view, divided into three sections, we describe how ornithological research in a peri-urban vegetation patch in a tropical metropolis culminated in an environmental protection movement. This vegetation patch is composed of a mosaic of typical phytophysiognomies of the transition zone between two biodiversity hotspots: Cerrado and Atlantic Forest. Its vegetation presents characteristics that indicate high degradation, but the region still harbors 108 bird species (including threatened and endemic species), suggesting that even under intense impacts, the area presents characteristics of resilience to shelter the local biodiversity. Given these findings, we discuss the potential of this urban green space for scientific research, environmental education, and birdwatching. We highlight the possibility of influencing community engagement in the conservation of the area, whether for the preservation of charismatic species or for leisure and educational activities. Reducing the gap between academia and society can assist in the conservation of urban green spaces, especially in a region that presents high social environmental vulnerability.